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Respiratory > Measures of lung physiology > Flashcards

Measures of lung physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume definition

A

amount of air in excess tidal inspiratory that can be inhaled wth maximum effort

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2
Q

what does IRV stand for

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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3
Q

what is the average value of IRV

A

3l

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4
Q

Expiratory reserve volume definition

A

amount of air in excess tidal expiration that can be exhaled with maximum effort

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5
Q

what does ERV stand for

A

expiratory reserve volume

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6
Q

what is the average value of ERV

A

1.2L

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7
Q

residual volume definition

A

amount of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

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8
Q

what does RV stand for

A

residual volume

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9
Q

what is the average value of RV

A

1.2L

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10
Q

what is the purpose of RV

A

keeps alveoli inflated between breaths and mixes with fresh air on next inspiration

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11
Q

vital capacity definition

A

amount of air that can exhaled with maximum effort after maximum inspiration

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12
Q

what does VC stand for

A

vital capacity

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13
Q

what is the average value of VC

A

4.7L

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14
Q

what is useful about VC

A

assess strength of thoracic muscles as well as pulmonary function

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15
Q

what is an equation for VC

A

ERV + TV + IRV

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16
Q

functional residual capacity definition

A

amount of air remaining in lungs after normal tidal expiration

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17
Q

what is FRC

A

functional residual capacity

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18
Q

what is the average value of FRC

A

2.4L

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19
Q

what is an equation for FRC

A

FRC = RV + ERV

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20
Q

inspiratory capacity definition

A

maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

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21
Q

what is IC

A

inspiratory capacity

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22
Q

what is an average value for IC

A

3.5L

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23
Q

what is an equation for IC

A

IC = TV + IRV

24
Q

total lung capacity equation

A

maximum amount of air the lungs can contain

25
Q

what does TLC stand for

A

total lung capacity

26
Q

what is an average value for TLC

A

5.9L

27
Q

what is an equation for TLC

A

TLC = RV + VC

28
Q

tidal volume definition

A

amount of air inhaled or exhaled in 1 breath

29
Q

what does TV stand for

A

tidal volume

30
Q

what is an average TV

A

500ml

31
Q

what is an equation for pressure

A

pressure = flow x resistance

32
Q

what is Poiseuilles law

A

airways resistance is proportional to 4th power of radius

33
Q

describe a flow volume curve

A

flow greatest at start of expiration and declines linearly with volume

34
Q

what is carbon monoxide single breath transfer factor used for

A

good measure of gas exchange in alveolar capillary

35
Q

why is CO used to estimate DLco

A

has high affinity for binding to Hb

36
Q

what is the exhaled nitric oxide test

A

indirect measure of airway inflammation

37
Q

what does total blody plethysmography measure

A

total lung capacity including air trapped in bullae

38
Q

what does gas dilution measure

A

all air in lungs that communicates with airways - doesn’t measure air in non-communicating bullae

39
Q

what gas is used in gas dilution

A

helium

40
Q

what is compliance (in regard to lungs)

A

change in volume per unit change in pressure gradient between pleura and alveoli (transpulmonary pressure)

41
Q

what does a larger lung compliance mean

A

lungs are more readily expanded

42
Q

what determines lung compliance

A

Stretchability if lung tissue and surface tension of air-water interfaces in alveoli

43
Q

what is FEV1

A

forced expiration volume in 1st second of expiration
OR
volume of air expelled after 1 second of forced expiration

44
Q

what is a value of FEV1

A

80% of VC in health

45
Q

what does FVC stand for

A

forced vital capacity

46
Q

FVC definition

A

volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled with a maximal inspiration

47
Q

what does FVC measure

A

lung size

48
Q

what does a low value FVC show

A

restriction

49
Q

what is peak expiratory flow

A

single measure of highest flow during expiration

50
Q

what shows airway obstruction

A

FEV1/ FVC ratio < 0.70

51
Q

what shows airway restriction

A

low value FVC (< 80%)

52
Q

why does airway restriction have low value FVC

A

reduced compliance of lungs so FEV1 and FVC reduced, but ratio remains the same

53
Q

describe the signs of asthma

A

obstruction
PEF variation
reduced mix-expiratory flow
good response to treatment

54
Q

describe the signs of COPD

A 
obstruction
lack of significant PEF variation
reduced mid-expiratory flow
partial/ poor response to treatment
low DLco because capillary interface destroyed so transfer problems
55
Q

describe the signs of pulmonary fibrosis

A

restriction
lack of PEF variation
reduced mid-expiratory volume

Respiratory (11 decks)

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