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Respiratory > Lung Physiology > Flashcards

Lung Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the respiratory pump do

A

generates negative intra-alveolar pressure

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2
Q

at what point is Hb fully saturated

A

25% of way through capillary

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3
Q

Which alveoli are preferentially ventilated at rest

A

alveoli at base

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4
Q

what capillaries are preferentially perfused with blood at rest

A

capillaries at most dependent parts of lungs

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5
Q

what happens in hypoxic mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction

A

blood is diverted away from areas without air; opposite of what would happen if skin was hypoxic

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6
Q

what is dead space

A

volume of air not contributing to ventilation

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7
Q

what is the volume of physiological dead space

A

175mls

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8
Q

what makes up physiological dead space

A

anatomical and alveolar dead space

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9
Q

what is the definition of physiological dead space

A

volume of air in the trachea that does not contribute to gas exchange plus the volume of air in the alveoli that does not contribute to gas exchange

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10
Q

what is the volume of anatomical dead space

A

150mls

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11
Q

what is the volume of alveolar dead space

A

25mls

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12
Q

what is PaCO2

A

arterial CO2

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13
Q

what is PACO2

A

alveolar CO2

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14
Q

what is PaO2

A

arterial O2

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15
Q

what is PAO2

A

alveolar O2

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16
Q

what is PIO2

A

Pressure of inspired O2

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17
Q

what is V’A

A

alveolar ventilation

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18
Q

what is V’CO2

A

co2 production

19
Q

how does air move

A

bulk flow; from high to low pressure

20
Q

what is the alveolar gas equation (equation)

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - PaCO2/ R

21
Q

what is the alveolar gas equation (in words)

A

alveolar pressure = pressure of inspired oxygen - (pressure of arterial CO2 divided by R)

22
Q

what does PaCO2 in the alveolar gas equation approximate and why

A

alveolar carbon dioxide pressure due to rapid diffusion of CO2

23
Q

what is R in the alveolar gas equation

A

respiratory quotient (0.8)

24
Q

what is hypoxaemia

A

low PaO2

25
Q

what are the causes of hypoxaemia

A

alveolar hypoventilation
reduced PIO2
V/ Q mismatch
Diffusion abnormality

26
Q

what is an equation for PaCO2 (equation)

A

PaCO2 = k V’CO2/ V’A

27
Q

what does PaCO2 relate to - in words

A

partial pressure in artery is inversey proportional to alveolar ventilation and is directly proportional to amount of CO2 produced, and is equal to a constant

28
Q

what does arterial PaCO2 depend on

A

a constant, production of CO2, alveolar ventilation - doesn’t relate to oxygen at all

29
Q

what are physiological causes of high CO2

A

V’ A reduced so reduced minute ventilation
V’ A reduced so increase dead space ventilation by rapid shallow breathing
V’ A reduced so increase dead space by V/ Q mismatch
Increase CO2 production

30
Q

what is the thickness of the gas exchange membrane

A

approx. 1micron

31
Q

what does gas exchange depend on

A

supply of bulk gas to alveoli and movement of blood

- has some active involvement

32
Q

how many layers are there for gas exchange

A

7

33
Q

what are the 7 layers for gas exchange

A
  • alveolar epithelium
  • tissue interstitum
  • capillary endothelium
  • plasma layer
  • RBC membrane
  • RBC cytoplasm
  • Hb binding
34
Q

What is Dalton’s Law

A

pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is independent of pressure exerted by other gases

35
Q

what are partial pressures directly proportional to

A

concentration

36
Q

what is the total pressure of mix

A

sum of partial pressures

37
Q

what is Boyle’s law

A

at constant temperature, the absolute pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proptional to volume

38
Q

what is Boyle’s law (equation)

A

P1V1 = P2V2

39
Q

what is Henry’s law

A

amount of gas dissolved in liquid at given temperature is directly proportional to pressure of gas with which the liquid is in equilibrium

40
Q

what is Laplace’s law

A

P = 2T/ R (P = pressure, R = radius, T = tension)

41
Q

when is Laplace’s law important

A

surfactant

42
Q

what is the alveolar gas equation; alveolar oxygen

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - (PaCO2/R)

43
Q

what is the alveolar gas eqution; arterial O2

A

PaO2 = PAO2 - (A-aDO2)

  • PaO2 = arterial O2
  • PAO2 = alveolar O2
  • A-aDO2= alveolar-arterial difference
44
Q

what is A-aDO2

A

alveolar-arterial difference - O2 lost in diffusion due to physical barrier - 1kPa

Respiratory (11 decks)

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