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IGCSE CAMBRIDGE FOOD AND NUTRITION 2023. > Meals For Different Ages, Occupation, Cultures, and Religions. > Flashcards

Meals For Different Ages, Occupation, Cultures, and Religions. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a lacto-ovo vegetarian?

A

No animal flesh but consumes milk, eggs and products.

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2
Q

What is a lacto-vegetarian?

A

No animal flesh but consumes milk and it’s products.

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3
Q

What is a vegan?

A

No animal-based foods/products. No dairy products.

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4
Q

What is an ovo-vegetarian?

A

No animal flesh but eats eggs.

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5
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Foods that do not contain gluten.

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6
Q

What must people with allergies do before eating packet foods?

A

Foods must be checked for allergy-containing ingredients. Should read labels on packaged food products.

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7
Q

What must people with food intolerance do before eating packet foods?

A

Should check labels on packaged foods and check for food intolerant ingredients.

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8
Q

What is a meal?

A

A group of dishes eaten together e.g. breakfast, lunch, supper.

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9
Q

What is a diet?

A

The type of food eaten during a period of time.

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10
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

Type of food eaten containing all the nutrients in the correct proportions according ti the needs of the individual.

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11
Q

What is a course?

A

How a meal is divided up.

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12
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Chemical reaction that happen in the body which are controlled by enzymes.

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13
Q

What are the 9 dietary needs for pregnant women/ nutrients required?

A

Protein.
Calcium and Phosphorus.
Vitamin D.
Iron.
Vitamin C.
Vitamin A.
Vitamin B6 (Folate).
NSP.
Vitamin K.
Essential Fatty Acids.

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14
Q

Why do pregnant women require protein?

A

Growth of the fetus (unborn child).

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15
Q

Why do pregnant women require calcium and phosphorus?

A

Building bones and teeth of the fetus.

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16
Q

Why do pregnant women require Vitamin D?

A

Helps with the absorption of calcium.

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17
Q

Why do pregnant women require Iron?

A

To prevent anemia in the mother after childbirth because of loss of blood.

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18
Q

Why do pregnant women require Vitamin C?

A

For the absorption of iron, anti-oxidant and healthy skin.

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19
Q

Why do pregnant women require Vitamin A?

A

For the babies eyesight.

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20
Q

Why do pregnant women require Vitamin B6 (Folate)?

A

For the development of the brain and nervous system.

21
Q

Why do pregnant women require NSP?

A

To prevent constipation.

22
Q

Why do pregnant women require Vitamin K?

A

Prevent haemorrhaging and for blood clotting.

23
Q

Why do pregnant women require Essential Fatty Acids?

A

For brain growth and cell division.

24
Q

What would vegan mothers lack?

A

Vegan mothers may lack Vitamin B12 because it is found in meats.

25
Q

What are the 6 advantages of breastfeeding?

A
  • Creates a bond between mother and baby.
  • It’s the correct temperature.
  • It’s hygienic.
  • It’s cheap.
  • It’s readily available.
  • Immunity from certain diseases is passed from mother to baby.
26
Q

What is weaning?

A

Weaning is the gradual introduction of solid foods into the baby’s diet, to supplement milk which still forms the main part of the diet.

27
Q

Why must most infants before the age of 4 months not eat solid foods?

A

Most babies should not have solid foods before they are 4 months old as the kidneys and digestive system may not be sufficiently developed to cope with solid foods.

28
Q

What type of diet should infants at the age of 6 months have?

A

By 6 months babies should have a mixed diet.

29
Q

What must be done to baby/ infant food to prevent choking?

A

Foods should be sieved or pureed to prevent choking.

30
Q

Give fives suggested infant/ baby foods?

A
  • Low-sugar rusks or unsweetened ground rice in milk.
  • Pureed cooked vegetables.
  • Pureed cooked meats and fish with unsalted gravy.
  • Pureed fruit.
  • Sieved, cooked egg yolk.
31
Q

What is an infant?

A

Up to 1 Year of age.

32
Q

What are Toddlers and Young Children?

A

Up to 5 Years.

33
Q

What are the 4 dietary needs of toddlers and young children?

A
  • Protein.
  • Calcium.
  • Fluoride.
  • Iron.
34
Q

Why do toddlers need protein?

A

For body growth.

35
Q

Why do toddlers need calcium?

A

For bones and teeth.

36
Q

Why do toddlers need fluoride?

A

For teeth.

37
Q

Why do toddlers need iron?

A

For the formation of red blood cells.

38
Q

2 points to consider when planning a toddler meal?

A
  • They need to have a well-balanced diet.
  • Children should be discouraged from eating between meals as this may lead to a poor appetite at meal times.
39
Q

Suggest 3 meals and 3 suitable beverages for a toddler’s breakfast.

A
  • Whole grain cereal; porridge,
  • Eggs, a small rasher of bacon and a tomato, toast.
  • Small croissant or a toasted bun.
  • Milk, Fruit juice, Water.
40
Q

Suggest 3 meals for a toddler’s midday meal.

A
  • Small pieces of baked or poached fish.
  • Cheese and veg omelette.
  • Salad.
  • A piece of savoury flan.
  • Pasta in tomato and vegetable sauce.
  • Savoury rice with mixed vegetables.
41
Q

Suggest 3 meals for a toddler’s evening meal.

A
  • Fish cakes.
  • Small piece of pizza with salad.
  • Bowl of vegetable soup.
  • A small round of sandwiches.
  • Bowl of Mixed finger foods e.g. cheese, cucumber, apple.
42
Q

What are the dietary requirements of school-aged children?

A

Activity and body growth continue to increase at this period of life. Meals must therefore provide ample energy and nutrients for body growth and maintenance. New foods must continue to be introduced, and mealtimes should be well established by this time.

43
Q

What three nutrients do school-aged children require the most?

A
  • Protein.
  • Carbohydrates.
  • Calcium.
44
Q

What type of times is adolescent/ teenage years and what will hormonal changes require?

A

This is a period of rapid growth - all nutrient requirements increase. Hormonal changes may cause acne - eat plenty of fruit and vegetable, avoid sugar, and drink lots of water.

45
Q

What do teenage girls require?

A

Menstruation in girls - Iron is very important to prevent anemia.

46
Q

Why must teenagers/ adolescents eat a lot of Calcium and Vitamin D?

A

45% of adult skeleton forms during adolescents therefore plenty of calcium and Vitamin D must be eaten.

47
Q

What must school children and adolescents avoid in snacks?

A

Avoid:
- Junk foods.
- Fatty foods.
- Carbonated drinks with sugar.

48
Q

What are the preferable snacks for school-aged children and adolescents?

A

Preferable snacks:
- Fresh fruit.
- Raw vegetables, e.g. carrots, celery.
- Yoghurt or cheese.
- Crispbreads/wholemeal bread rolls with a little butter/margarine.

IGCSE CAMBRIDGE FOOD AND NUTRITION 2023. (41 decks)

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