Carbohydrates. Flashcards
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrate is am important source of energy and its acts as a ‘protein sparer’ so that protein can be used for its primary functions.
Carbohydrates are made up of the following elements:
• Carbon (C).
• Hydrogen (H).
• Oxygen (O).
Carbohydrates are classified into 3 sections:
• Monosaccharides.
• Disaccharides.
• Polysaccharides.
What is the other name for monosaccharides?
• These are also known as ‘’simple sugars.’’
Give the three objectives of monosaccharides in terms of their:
• base unit.
• solubility.
• sweetness.
• They are the base unit on which all other carbohydrates are built.
• They are soluble in water.
• They vary in sweetness.
There are 3 main monosaccharides:
• Glucose.
• Fructose.
• Galactose.
Give two objectives on fructose regarding its other name and where it is found.
• Found in fruit, fruit juices, and honey.
• Also known as ‘’fruit sugar.’’
Where is galactose found and what does it form?
• Found in milk and forms part of the milk sugar, lactose.
Give the three objectives of glucose in terms of :
• what they provide.
• in the body.
• where it’s found.
• what form it can be found in.
• Provides a fast source of energy
• All carbohydrates are converted to glucose in the body
• It is found in ripe fruits and some vegetables
• It also comes in tablet, powder or liquid form
Give the three objectives of disaccharides in terms of their:
• another name.
• composition.
• specific composition.
• solubility.
• These are also known as ‘double sugars.”
• They are composed of two monosaccharide units joined together.
• Of the two monosaccharides joint together one is always glucose.
• They are soluble in water.
There are 3 main disaccharides:
• Sucrose.
• Lactose.
• Maltose.
What is the formation of sucrose?
Formed from one unit glucose and one unit fructose.
How is sucrose obtained?
Its obtained by refining sugar cane or beet.
What form does sucrose come in?
Comes in table form.
How is lactose formed?
Formed from one unit glucose and one unit galactose.
Where is lactose found?
It is found in milk.
Is lactose as sweet as sucrose?
It is not as sweet as sucrose.
What is another name for maltose?
Sometimes known as ‘malt sugar’.
How is maltose formed?
It is formed from two units of glucose.
Where is maltose found?
Found in cereals e.g. barley.
Polysaccharides are formed from many monosaccharides joined together. There are five main polysaccharides:
• Starch.
• Dextrin.
• Pectin.
• Glycogen.
• NSP (Non-Starch Polysaccharide).
Why is NSP important for your body?
They are important for removing waste from the body.
What does NSP include and make up?
They include cellulose, pectin and make up what we know as dietary fibre.
What type of carbohydrate is NSP?
They are indigestible carbohydrates.
