MCQ Flashcards
observation that exposure to cowpox protected milkmaids from smallpox marked the beginning of
vaccination
‘immunital’ derived from
latin - ‘protection’
patient with recurrent infections - what should doctor suspect
immune disorder
we need at least two general mechanisms to fight infection: one extracellular, one intracellular
true
what is an ‘atopic’ subject
can over work sometimes
what was Jenner first to demonstrate systemically
that interspecies (cross) reaction could be used for protection
do other living organisms have an immune system
all have immune system
DNA restriction enzymes found in bacteria for
essential part of their immune system
primary purpose of immune reactions
defend against pathogen
can salt or water be haptens
never
what is a hapten
relatively small molecule that elicit immune response when attached to larger carrier e.g. protein
Gowan’s and co-workers using thoracic duct drainage where animal lymph diverted, observed test animals unable to respond to antigen challenges and failed to recognise grafts. what was function restored by
WBC replenishment
what is the primary site that supports differentiation of the I. D. stem cells
bone marrow - adults
liver - foetus
where is your thymus
near neck coronary arteries
peyers patch function
sampling and surveillance of Ag at intestine
what is considered ‘cemetery of RBC’
spleen
what is the thrombus mainly composed of
fibrin and platlets
where are albumin, fibrinolytic proteins and complement mainly synthesised in
liver
during break down of thrombus, which enzyme mainly causes fibrin degradation
plasmin
which AB isotype classes mainly involved in classical pathway of complement activation
IgG1, IgG3, IgM
which list of functions best describe sequence of events in inflammation
white reaction, red reaction, flare, wheal
diabetes type 1 in which insulin producing beta cells are destroyed by immune system is classical example of
autoimmune disease
difference between adaptive and innate immunity
innate response not amplified
i.e. reaction is same with repeated infections
opsonisation, anaphylatoxins and membrane cell lysis are main biological functions of
complement system
what neutralises free virus in body
antibody
which vaccine is safest to use
inactivated
indirect mechanism of tissue damage in kidneys by hep. malaria and most acute infections is forming
immune complexes
on skin, large number bacteria - why can’t pathogenic ones colonise tissue
low pH, antibacterial, microflora present
what are: langerhans cells, veiled cells, Kupfer cells
DC
where are neutrophils made
in bone marrow
what are neutrophils like
weaker phagocytes
consequences of PAMPs being recognised by TLRs immune system
phosphorylation cascade and cytokine gene activation
where do T and B lymphocytes develop
primary lymphoid organs independently of antigens
what does interferin do
warn neighbouring cells of potential virus attack
are exo/endo toxins primary strategies used by pathogens to damage tissue
yes
Rh-ve woman and Rh+ve male
baby may be at risk of haemolytic jaudice if it is couple second pregnancy
during development in testes what are sperm normally exposed to
IgG
blood vessels endothelium express selectin E and P, what are they involved in
rolling adhesion leucocytes
in clonal selection hypothesis where do lymphoid clones mature
generative lymphoid tissues
when do lymphoid clones mature
antigen absence
what is TCR mainly made of
alpha and beta heterodimer chains
CD3
zeta chain
in conventional monoclonal AB therapy, reaction in problems associated with immunogenicity is seen in what order (most severe to least)
murine
chimera
humanised
human
what are anti idiotype AB
monoclonal AB that bind to another AB
example of passive AB therapy
intravenous fusion of antitoxin
virus neutralising AB induced by influenza vaccines detected against
virus HA
why are camels/llamas AB used in many immune techniques
only posses heavy chain
what is the main gut AB
IgA
what is the main blood AB
IgG
