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Principles of Immunology > 10 T and B cell effectors > Flashcards

10 T and B cell effectors Flashcards

1
Q

what expresses MHC 1

A

nucleated cells (and APC)

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2
Q

what expresses MHC 2

A

APC

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3
Q

where are cytosolic pathogens degraded

A

cytosol

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4
Q

what do cytosolic pathogens bind to

A

MHC 1

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5
Q

what are cytosolic pathogens presented to

A

effector CD8 T cells

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6
Q

what is the effect on presenting cytosolic pathogens to cell

A

cell death

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7
Q

where are cross-presentation of exogenous antigens degraded

A

cytosol (by retrotranslocation)

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8
Q

what do cross-presentation of exogenous antigens bind to

A

MHC 1

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9
Q

what are cross-presentation of exogenous antigens presented to

A

naive CD8 T cells

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10
Q

what is the effect when cross-presentation of exogenous antigens are presented to cell

A

the presenting cell usually a dendritic cell, activates CD8 T cell

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11
Q

where are the intravesicular pathogens

A

endocytic vesicles (low pH)

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12
Q

what do the intravesicular pathogens bind to

A

MHC 2

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13
Q

what are the intravesicular pathogens presented to

A

effector CD4 T cells

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14
Q

what is the effect when intravesicular pathogens are presented

A

activation to kill intravesicular bacteria and parasites

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15
Q

where are the extracellular pathogens and toxins degraded in

A

endocytic vesicles (low pH)

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16
Q

what are the peptides that the extracellular pathogens and toxins bind to

A

MHC 2

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17
Q

what are the extracellular pathogens and toxins presented to

A

effector CD4 T cells

18
Q

what is the effect of extracellular pathogen and toxins when presented to cell

A

activation of B cells to secrete Ig to eliminate extracellular bacteria/toxins

19
Q

cellular response

A

Cytotoxic t cell CD8 release perforin – causes target cell to lyse

20
Q

humoral response

A

Helper CD4 cell

21
Q

types of uptake

A

cellular and humoral

22
Q

cellular immune response

A

antigen as intracellular

23
Q

humoral immune response

A

antigen is extracellular

24
Q

cellular response

A

Cytotoxic t cell CD8 release perforin – causes target cell to lyse

25
Q

humoral response

A

Helper CD4 cell

26
Q

types of uptake

A

cellular and humoral

27
Q

cellular immune response

A

antigen as intracellular

28
Q

humoral immune response

A

antigen is extracellular

29
Q

Antigen presenting: Cellular response

A 
Partly folded MHC class 1 in ribosome binds a proteins. Cytosolic proteins and defective ribosomal products degraded are taken to ER
Peptide bins MHC class 1, completes folding, MHC released from TAP to go to cell membrane
30
Q

Antigen presenting: Humoral response

A
  1. invariant chain (li) forms complex with MHC class 2 molecule, blocking peptides binding and misfolded proteins
  2. li is cleaved in an acidified endosome, leaving short peptide fragment, CLIP, still bound to the MHC 2
  3. endocytosed antigens degraded to peptides in endosomes, CLIP peptide blocks binding of peptides to MHC 2
  4. HLA-DM binds to MHC 2 releasing CLIP, allowing other peptides to bind. MHC 2 travels to cell surface
31
Q

Activation phase (MHC 2) Immune system cells - Bacterium

A
  1. Bacterium infects macrophage and enters vesicle, producing peptide fragments
  2. Bacterial fragments bound by MHC class 2 in vesicles
  3. Bound peptides transported by MHC class 2 to the cell surface
32
Q

Activation phase (MHC 2) Immune system cells - antigen

A
  1. Antigen bound by B-cell surface receptor
  2. Antigen internalized and degraded to peptide fragments
  3. Fragments bind to MHC class 2 and transported to cell surface
33
Q

how are macrophages activated

A

TH1 cell recognises complex of bacterial peptide with MHC class 2 and activates macrophages

34
Q

how are B cells activated

A 
Helper T cell recognises complex of antigenic peptide with MHC class 2 and activates B cell
CD4 T cells  MHC 2
35
Q

Activation phase (MHC 1) – All cells

A

Virus infects cell
Viral proteins synthesised in cytosol
Peptide fragments of viral proteins bound by MHC class 1 in ER
Bound peptides transported by MHC class 1 to cell surface

36
Q

Effector phase (MHC 1)

A 
Cytotoxic T cell recognises complex of viral peptide with MHC class 1 and kills infected cell
CD8 T cells  MHC 1
37
Q

positive selection

A

not viable if do not bind to a specific peptide

38
Q

negative selection

A

bind too tightly so die)

39
Q

Positive negative selection

A

Not all combinations of MHC loaded peptides and T cell are possible
Selection for affinity and self must take place

40
Q

what occurs in positive and negative selection

A
  1. T-cell precursor rearranges its T-cell receptor genes in thymus
  2. Immature T cells that recognise self MHC receive signals for survival. Those that interact with self-antigen are removed
  3. mature T cells encounter foreign antigens in peripheral lymphoid organs and are activated
  4. activated T cells proliferate and eliminate infection

Principles of Immunology (13 decks)

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