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Principles of Immunology > 3 Innate immunity > Flashcards

3 Innate immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Strategies used by pathogens

A

Direct pathogenic mechanisms

Indirect pathogenic mechanisms

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2
Q

Direct pathogenic mechanisms

A
  • exotoxin production
  • endotoxin
  • direct cytopathic effect
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3
Q

Indirect pathogenic mechanisms

A
  • immune complexes
  • anti-host antibody
  • cell-mediated immunity
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4
Q

General strategies used by the immune system

A

Innate

Adaptive

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5
Q

innate - General strategies used by the immune system

A
  • ‘first line’ of defence

- inflammatory response ‘second line’ of defence

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6
Q

innate ‘first line’ of defence

A

> skin
mucous membranes
cilia, hairs

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7
Q

innate inflammatory response ‘second line’ of defence

A 
> mediators release
> complement cascade
> WBC migration
> phagocytosis 
> interferon release (virus)
> NK cells (virus)
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8
Q

adaptive specific defences ‘third line’ of defence

A

> B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
antibodies

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9
Q

what is innate immunity

A

immunity exist before an encounter with the infection agents but these agents rapidly activate them

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10
Q

where is innate immunity

A

present in all multicellular organisms

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11
Q

what is innate immunity like

A

non-specific
non adaptive
rapid
does not amplify the response with repeated infections

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12
Q

why is innate immunity non-specific

A

always present sometimes in the inactive form

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13
Q

why is innate immunity non-adaptive

A

Do not develop memory

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14
Q

why is innate immunity rapid

A

strong in cases and aims quick elimination of infectious agent

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15
Q

Main functions of the innate immunity

A
  1. Barrier
  2. Guard against free entrance of (infectious) microorganisms into the systems of the host
  3. Modulators of Immune Response
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16
Q

Which are the components of the innate immunity

A

Physical barrier

Chemical barrier

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17
Q

Phagocytic cells

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
dendritic cells

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18
Q

Cells that regulate inflammation

A

Mast cells (sessile)
basophils (circulating)
eosinophils (parasitic infections)

19
Q

killer cells

A

Natural killer

20
Q

Blood cell/proteins

A

platelets, complement..

21
Q

Regulatory proteins

A

chemokines, cytokines..

22
Q

Origin of cells of immune system

A

Express surface receptors able to detect infectious microorganisms

23
Q

innate immune system cells

A 
dendritic
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils
mast
basophil
platelets
erythrocytes
24
Q

which are the precursor cells in innate immunity

A

thymus –> CD4, CD8, TCR
pro-NK –> NK
B cell –> plasma cell

25
Q

which are the mature cells

A

helper t cell
cytotoxic t cell
γδ (gamma delta) t cell

26
Q

where do the t cells develop from

A

pluripotent stem cell

27
Q

how are phagocytic cells named

A

mononuclear phagocytes are given different names in different tissues

28
Q

Phagocytic – Neutrophils examples

A

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or granulocytes

29
Q

what type of phagocytes are Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or granulocytes

A

weaker

30
Q

when is the Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or granulocytes

response

A

early inflammation response (hours)

31
Q

what do the Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or granulocytes

granules contain

A

lysozyme
collagenase
ellastase
lyzosomes

32
Q

where are Polymorphonuclear leucocytes or granulocytes

normally made

A

produced mainly in bone marrow (G-CSF)

33
Q

what are Phagocytic - Macrophages

phagocytes like

A

strong phagocytes

34
Q

what do Phagocytic - Macrophages bind to

A

opsonins

35
Q

what is the Phagocytic - Macrophages response

A

late inflammation response (weeks)

36
Q

where do Phagocytic - Macrophages adhere

A

plastic surfaces

37
Q

where are Phagocytic - Macrophages made

A

produced mainly in bone marrow, derived from monocytes. Differentiate after moving to tissues

38
Q

how long do Phagocytic - Macrophages live

A

average life = weeks after recruitment

39
Q

what do Phagocytic - Macrophages secrete

A

secretes mainly: ROI reactive oxygen species interleukins

40
Q

how many Phagocytic – dendritic cells are there in the body

A

rare 1/1000 blood cells

41
Q

what are Phagocytic – dendritic cells like

A

highly efficient antigen presentation cells

42
Q

what do Phagocytic – dendritic cells produce

A

Potent producer of cytokines

43
Q

what are the 2 cytokines that Phagocytic – dendritic cells make

A
  1. immature – capture but don’t present

2. mature – potent antigen processed presenter

44
Q

when does a immature cell become mature

A

immature to mature in 24hrs after capturing antigen

Principles of Immunology (13 decks)

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