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Step Wrong Qs > May3rd > Flashcards

May3rd Flashcards

1
Q

Name for common wart (hpv 1-4)?

A

Verruca vulgaris

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2
Q

What is a marker for a mature fetus?

A

lectin/sphingomyelin ration >1.9 (at 33 weeks)

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3
Q

how do you stimulate fetal surfactant production?

A

Corticosteroids

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4
Q

Entacapone MoA

A

Inhibit Catechol-omethyltransferase (COMT), inhibiting degradation of dopamine and levodopa (used with levodopa to increase bioavailability)
BUT only in periphery so no monoadministration

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5
Q

40s binds to

A

5’ cap of mRNA

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6
Q

Kozac sequence

A

With start codon, seres as initiator of translation

GCCGCCRCCAUG (R must be G or A)

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7
Q

Beta-thalassemia

A

Reduced b-globin synthesis (unpaired alpha precipitate and kill RBCs)
Result: hypochromic, microcytic anemia.
Path: basophilic stippling, anisopoikilocyosis, target cell

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8
Q

Path of naive t Cells

A 
Double negative (CD4/8-) go from BM to thymus.
TCR gene rearangement (beta first[w/CDX], then alpha)
Positive selection incortex with thymic CORTICAL epithelial
Negative selection in medulla with thymic MEDULLARY epithelium.
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9
Q

AV shunt hemodynamic changes

A

Bypass arterioles so total peripheral resistance down
Preload goes up (faster return of blood), afterload goes down (peripheral resistance)
LV has more volume and under less pressure.

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10
Q

AV shunt clinical Dx

A

Pulsatile mass with thrill on palpation

Constant bruit.

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11
Q

Consequence of B12 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia
Increased methylmalonic acid and homosysteine (m-coA mutase needs vitamin B12 Too).
methylmalonic acid accumulation demyelinates and casues subacute combined degeneration (dorsal collumn and lateral corticospinal tract damage).

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12
Q

Exclusively breast fed need what supplement?

A

VitD

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13
Q

Frontal lobe lesion sides and effects

A

Left: apathy/depression
Right: disinhibited behavior

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14
Q

Holosystolic murmur best heard in left sternal border

A

Ventricular septal defect

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15
Q

Giardia lamblia infection on microscope

A

See trophozoite in stool (pear-shaped, owl’s eye nuclei).

Attacked by body via IgA

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16
Q

Basophilic stippling seen in

A

Lead poisonining
Thallaseemia
Myelodysplastic syndrome

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17
Q

Lead poisoning symptoms

A 
Microcytic anemia
Constipation
Mental status change
Construction or babies. 
Basophilic stippling.
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18
Q

Cause of cholesteatomas

A

Squamous cell debri that accumulates (can grow).

Can cause hearing loss.

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19
Q

Left and right heart thromboembolism due to afib

A

Right: lung issues
Left: brain/leg/body
Concurrent atrial enlargement.

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20
Q

Psoriasis treatment

A

Vitamin D analongs (calcipotriene), calcitrol, tacalcitol

Promote inhibition of kertinocyte proliferation/differentiation

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21
Q

What is guaiac?

A

Test for occult blood

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22
Q

Gastric varices in fundus

A

From splenic vein thrombosis (due to chornic pancreatitis/cancer)
Short gastric veins drain fundus into splenic vein.

23
Q

Azygos vein

A

Drains blood from esophagus to sVC (for esophageal varices in portal HTN)

24
Q

Two causes for duodenical peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

NSAIDS

H. Pylori

25
Q

Sarcoidosis

A 
Black pple
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Pulmonary complaints
Constitutional symptoms (weight loss)
Non-caseating granulomas
26
Q

Class 1 antiarrythmics

A

Preferentiall bind to inactive/active site
Released in resting site
Two gates. Inactivation and activation. Activation replaces inactivation to activate. Both open: activated. Inactivation off/ activation gate on = resting.

27
Q

Main causes of PID

A

N. Gonorrheoaea and chlamydia T

28
Q

Peroneal nerve

A

Lateral leg, damaged with fibula damage.
Superficial: innervate foot everters. Sensation over dorsum of foot
Deep: dorsiflexors.

29
Q

Loratadine is what kind of drug?

A

New generation antihistamine
No anti-muscarininc, serotonergic, or alpha adrenergic peroperties like older generation. Better for impaired cognitive function/elderly

30
Q

What is phenytoin for and what is a sideffect

A

Treatment for clonic-tonic seizures, partial, and status epilepticus
Blocks Voltage gated Na channels
Gingival hyperplasia

31
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria

A

Abdominal pain, neuro, NO photosensativity, wine colored urine
Due to Porphobilinogen deaminase deficiency (PBG deaminase). Accumulation of precursor PBG and ALA.
Low glucose activates ALA synthease (rate limiting in heme synth) which adds accumulation. Also Alcohol, smoking, puberty.

32
Q

Henoch schlonlein purpura

A

Immune complex vasculitis (IgA, C3).
Get purpuric rash, colicky abdominal pain, joint pain.
Young boys.

33
Q

Burkitt lymphoma

A 
from CMV (bar kid).
Histo: starry sky
C-myc oncogene overexpression. 
Good prognosis. 
Jaw involvement common.
34
Q

Where does Amphotericin B bind and what is it used for?

A

Aspergillis

Binds to the ergosterol in fungus (but to some degree cholesterol, causes renal toxicity)

35
Q

Guillain Bare syndrome EM signs

A

Segmental demyelination

Endoneural inflammatory infiltrate

36
Q

Progressive weakening of pleural difference with repeated phrenic activation

A

Neuromuscular junction issue.

Diaphragm becoming weaker. Most repsonsible for intrapeleural pressure fall during inspiration.

37
Q

RPR (rapid plasma reagin) test what?

A

T. Palladium (syphilis) but not directly. Antibodies to cells destroyed by syphillis (false positive with lupus)

38
Q

SLE false test

A 
aPTT prolongation (paradoxical b/c produce hypercoagulable in vivo)
RPR/VDRL (uses cardiolipin, antiphospholipid antibodies bind to it)
39
Q

ACTH function on smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Promotes stimulation of glucoocorticoids, mineracorticoids, and androgens.
All cholesterol based.

40
Q

Diabetic mom effect on fetus

A

Baby produces tons of insulin to deal with high glucose (insulin doesnt cross placenta).
Insulin -> IGF1 -> growth. Big baby.

41
Q

What kind of cardiotoxicity does doxorubacin cause?

A

Dialated cadiomyopathy.

42
Q

How does progesterone affect prolactin

A

Prolactin is inhibited by progesterone.

43
Q

Annular pancreas. What is it? Why?

A

Pancreas sorrounds duodeunum.

Abnormal migration of VENTRAL pancreatic bud.

44
Q

What is a good alterantive to aspirin to decrease blood clots?

A

Clopdogrel. Prevents platelet aggregation by blocking ADP receptor on platelet surface.

45
Q

Atriovenous nicking found in

A

CHRONIC hypertension. Not acute.

46
Q

Sickle cell presentation.

A

Dactylitis (painful swelling of hands and feet)
Hemoylsis (indirect bilirubin and lacate dehydrogenase up)
Decreased haptoglobin

47
Q

Main sideffects of Thazolidinediones

A 
Fluid retention (increased sodium reabsorption) = CHF
Adipose weight gain
48
Q

Alpha-1-antitripsin consequence:

A 
panacinar Emphysema (scattered bilateral wheezing)
Liver disease (jaundice, chirrhosis, cancer)
49
Q

Where do you find great saphanous vein?

A

Inferior-lateral to pubic tubercle

50
Q

Noninvasive treatment for gallstones

A

Hydrophilic bile acids

Rduce cholesterol secretion, increase acid conencetration= dissolve

51
Q

Bosentan MoA

A

Endothelin receptor eantagonist (prevents vasoconstriction)

Used for decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure

52
Q

Turner syndrome presentation and consequence (heart)

A

Short starture, short thick neck, broad chest. Short 4rth metacarpals.
Bicuspid aortic valve.

53
Q

Targets of folic acid reduction to THF (by inhibiting Dihydrofolate reductase)

A

Trmethroprim - bacteria
Methotrexate - humans
Prymethamine - protozoa

54
Q

Chorioretinitis is a consequence of what?

A

CMV, pizza eye

Step Wrong Qs (10 decks)

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