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Step Wrong Qs > May 4th (star Wars Day) > Flashcards

May 4th (star Wars Day) Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of pneumocytes produce more pneumocytes? (Stem cell)

A

Type 2.

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2
Q

Confidence interval and relative risk

A

RR=1 = no association. Over/under 1 = association. If it is large enough to fit into 95% confidence interval, it is significant.

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3
Q

Method of action of atrial natriuretic peptide/ANP and BNP

A

Bind TM protein linked to guanylyl cyclase -> to protein kinase -> dilation.

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4
Q

How to calculate change of child having autosomal recessive disease

A

(Chance a random kid gets it with carrier parents= 1/4) X (chance a mom is a carrier) X (chance dad is a carrier)

Or

(Chance of dad giving allele = q if gen pop) X (chance of mom giving allele (50% if carrier)

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5
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Inflammatory disorder of sacroilliac and axial skeleton (fusion = bamboo spine). Young men with morning stiffness and lower back pain. HLA B27.

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6
Q

Which MHC is associated with class 1

A

HLA A, B , C

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7
Q

Noncaseating granulomas like in sarcoidosis?

A

T4 helper cells

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8
Q

Chemo drug for aml agsint CD20?

A

Rituximab

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9
Q

How to drive denovo mutation of pyrimidines with low folate

A

Thymidine. Alternate pathway to make dTMP that does not need folate.

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10
Q

Panic disorder criteria and treatment

A

Recurrent panic attacks w/ 4: chest stuff/dyspnea, dizziness, fear of dying, depersonalization.

Tx: benzodiazepine immeiate. SSRI/SNRI longterm

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11
Q

Adrenal cortex enzymes

A

5-alpha reductase: testosterone to DHT
21/11: cortisol and aldosterone (11 downstream)
17: Cortisol, testosterone

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12
Q

Function of T tubules in muscle

A

Transmit depolarization signals in a UNIFORM way

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13
Q

Dogoxin toxicity

A 
Arryhtmias
Anorexia
GI pain
Fatigue/confusion
Color vision alterations.
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14
Q

Pancoast tumors

A

Non-small cell carcinoma (squamous or adeno)
Can invade brachial plexus = ipsilateral shoulder pain
Cervical ganglia: horner’s (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis)

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15
Q

Function, attachment, origin, iinnervation of infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinous fossa
A: greater tuberosity
Function: External rotation
Innervation: suprascapular nerve

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16
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A 
SItS
Supraspinatus: abduction
Infraspinatus: external rotation
Teres minor: adduction/external rotation
Subscapularis: adduciton/Internal rotation
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17
Q

Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis

A

1st line: peniccilin

2nd line: ampicillin

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18
Q

Type 1 diabetes at risk for what?

A

Other autoimmune
Hashimoto
Addison’s

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19
Q

Increased cortisol causes what?

A

Insulin resistance (therefore decreased causes insuilin sensitivity)

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20
Q

Addisons affects what part of the adrenals

A

ALL THREE layers of the cortex. (Aldosterone, androgens, cortisol)

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21
Q

Denge fever infectino and reinfection

A

First: hemmorhaggic. Myalgias, thromboytopenia, petechiae
Second: worse. Different serotype

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22
Q

How to diagnose congenital lactase deficiency?

A

Stool pH (down)
Breath hydrogen test (up)
Stool somotic gap (increased)

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23
Q

Antiogensin II receptor Blocker (ARBs)

A

Losartan: block angiotensin II

No ACE affected therefore no bradykinin affected therefore no cough

24
Q

Function of BRCA 1/2 genes

A

DNA repair. Tumor suppressor

25
Q

Embryologic origin of Anterior pituitary

A

Ratchke’s pouch (surface ectoderm)

26
Q

Acute tubular necrosis:

A

Proximal tubular cell ballooning

Vacuolar degeneration

27
Q

Oxalate crystals (not calcium oxylate)

A

Ethylene glycol poisoning

28
Q

Melatonin agonist

A

Ramelton, safe for elderly

29
Q

Superior vena cava syndrome

A

Cmopression of vein. Easy by mediastinal mass
Puff face, neck, upper extremities
Dizziness/headache if cerebral edema.
Mostly lung cancer/ then non-hodkin lymphoma

30
Q

Psoriais

A 
Hyperparkaratosis
Acanthosis
Rete redige elongation
No stratum granulocum. 
Munro microabscess
31
Q

Muncro microabscess

A

Neutrophils cluster in superficial dermis and stratum corneum

32
Q

Fabry disease

A

Alpha-galactosidase A deficiecny
Accumulation of sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide.
Kidney and CerebroV disease

33
Q

Chemo receptors

A

Central chemoreceptor: medulla, decrease pH of cerebrospinal fluid (increased Paco2 That diffuses and forms H+) = increased respiration.

PEripheral: carotid/aortic boies. Arterial paO2 (hypoxemia). Also a little PaCO2/H+.

Pulmonary stretch receptor: regulate duration Of inspiration depending on lung distension. Protect from hyperinflation.

34
Q

Difference between bipolar 1 and 2

A

1: mania, more than one week, psychotic symptoms, severe.
2: four days, just hypomania. Lack of sleep and high energy normal.

35
Q

Rubeola (measles) or rubella

A

Not vaccinated. Febrile maculopapular rash that begins at face and spreads to trunk.
Differentiate by postauricular lymph = rubella

36
Q

Pseudogout vs gout

A

Neagtive bifringent crystal

Needle-shaped

37
Q

Cholcicine side effect and use

A

Second line treatment for gout (NSAIDs but dont use with peptic ulcer)
Side-effect: prevent tubulin polymerization into microtubule. Also nausea/diarrhea (mucosal cells in GI too affected)

38
Q

Xantine oxidase use

A

Chronic not acute gout. Acute gout= make worse

39
Q

Down syndrome

A 
Upslanting palpebral fissure
Epicanthal folds
Prodtruding tongue
Excessive skin at nape of neck. 
Small, cardiac probs. Weak MORO reflex
40
Q

Granulomatous information mediated by what?

A

T-lymphocytes. Delayed hypsersisativity reaction (1)

41
Q

MAnonyl coA effect on beta oxidation

A

Sign of excess. Inhibits carnitine Acetyltransferase (used to transfer fatty acids across mitochondrial membrane).

42
Q

OCD treated with

A

CBT and SSRI/SNRI

43
Q

DiGeorge.velocardiofacial

A

CATCH 22 (Cardiac, abnormal faces, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia/hypoparathyroidism (aplasia)

44
Q

Interstitial lung disease

A 
Fine cracles
Clubbin
diffuse Reticular opacities
Progressive dyspnea
FEV1/FVC ratio.
45
Q

Clavulanic acid use

A

Beta lactamase enzyme

Used alongside amoxicillin/;eniccillin to prevent destrcution

46
Q

Horsheo kidney, why?

A

Cant ascend due to inferior mesenteric artery

47
Q

Imporferate hymen

A

Incomplete degeneration of hymen.

Blood fills and causes pain during menstration. Pressure pushes into anus and stops poop

48
Q

Deciduadized endometrium

A

Dialted, coiled endometrial glands

Vascularized edematous stroma

49
Q

How do you elicit asthma when patient has normal breathing

A

Methacholine

50
Q

Detection of Epstein-Barr

A

Heterophile IgM antibodies that react to horse/sheep erythrocytes
Agglutination = positive

51
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Bones, stones, abdoinal groans, psychic moans
Hypercalcemia, hypophophotemia.
Skeltal; compact bonesubperiosteal erosions/osteolytic cysts.

52
Q

Infant with bloody stool and abdominal distension and curvilinear areas of lucency

A

Necrtoizing enterocolitis

53
Q

Myestania gravis

A

Muscle weakening, especially around eye

Gets worse with activity, at end of day

54
Q

Open angel glaucoma

A

Progressive loss of peripheral vision

Due to eleavted intraocular pressure due to more aqueous humor (made by cilliary body)

55
Q

opioids come from same molecule as what?

A

ACTH, and MSH

POMC)

56
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma in esophagus

A

From smoking, drinking, or grilled foods (nitroamides)

57
Q

Chance of chronic hep B

Step Wrong Qs (10 decks)

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