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Step Wrong Qs > May 2- 1 > Flashcards

May 2- 1 Flashcards

1
Q

C3 and IgG are depsited in what disease in what way? (Renal)

A

Goodpasture (type one RPGN).

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2
Q

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) key word and deposition (found with light microscopy)

A

Widespread CRESCENTS

Deposition of FIBRIN

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3
Q

Sertoli, Leydig, and SRY gene role in genetalia

A

SRY on chromosome Y (makes Testes Determining Factor) - makes testes.
Sertoli: Mullarian inhibiting factor -> no mullarian -> no female internal
Leydig: testosterone -> male internal.
Testosteron -> DHT -> male external.

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4
Q

Brachial plexus posterior nerve

A

Radial nerve

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5
Q

What is the recruiting of case study vs cross sectional?

A

Recruit control and disease, not randomly select from population (which implies prevalence finding).

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6
Q

Arsenic poisoning treatment of choice and presentation

A

GARLIC breath, insecticide/contaminated water

Dx: Dimercaprol

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7
Q

What IL is responsible for b cell proliferation?

A

IL-4

Via TH2 T helper cells.

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8
Q

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis desposits what where

A 
immune complexes (Type III hypersensitivity)
Electron dense subepithelial humps.
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9
Q

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

A

Pts with asthma or cystic fibrosis become allergic to Asergillus fumigatus.
Usually there but not issue unless iComp
Eosinophillia, IgE, proximal bronchiactasis, transient lung infiltrates

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10
Q

Prompt treatment with penicillin after Upper respiratory infection prevents:

A

Acute rheumatic fever (group A strep)

Leads to mitral regurg

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11
Q

Common bacteremia after dental procedures?

A

Viridans streptococci
Gram-positive, produce dextrans from sucrose.
Bind fibrin.
Mitral valve history at risk for V. Strep. Staph A. If valve is previosuly intact.

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12
Q

Inheritability of Achondroplasia, mutation, and presentation

A

Heritability: AD
Mutation: FGFR3 (fatal if 2)
Presentation: normal short bones(protruded forehead) with short long bones.

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13
Q

Neisseria meningitidis vaccine

A 
Given to colllege kids, military
To polysaccharide (quadrivalent or capsule).
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14
Q

Hormone changes in cryptorchidism

A

Sertoli cells die from heat, no inhibin

Inhibin gone, high FSH

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15
Q

NR5A1/SF-1 mutation

A

Sertoli failure

LH and therefore leydig and testosterone unaffected.

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16
Q

Pressure consequence of excersize

A

Total systemic vascular resistance drops.

Everything constricts except muscle, which dialates.

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17
Q

Hemodynamic changes with mitral regurge (acute)

A

Blood flows back, increasing LV preload
Low pressure to LA decreases afterload
Low afterload, high preload= increased ejection fraction

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18
Q

walls of direct hernia

A

Protrude throuhg: hasselbach’s triangle
Medial: rectus abdominus
Inferior epigastric vessels lateral
Inguinal ligament inferior

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19
Q

Role of hormone-sensitive lipase

A

In adipose tissue, mobilizes triglycerides (into FFA and glycerol)
Glycerol -> gluconeogenesis (liver)
FFAs ->acetyl-coA-> ketone bodies

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20
Q

Extensor muscle of wrist origin

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

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21
Q

Does bulimia nervosa need to have throwing up?

A

No. Just binge and compensatory behavior.
Excess body shape worrying
Normal body weirght tho (as opposed to anorexia)
Binge eating: no compensatory.

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22
Q

Vitamin C role

A

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine (for collagen synthesis).
If not: easy bruising, periodontal disease, poor wound healing, hyperkaeratotic follicles.

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23
Q

Acute decompensated heart failure

A

From: reduced cardiac output
Causes: compensation (mediated through sympathetics): constrcction, renin/angioT, antidiuretic secretion

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24
Q

Diptheria is cimilar to what toxin

A

Exotoxin A from pseudomonus aeruginosa

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25
Q

Diptheria key words

A

Pharyngitis with exudate
Heart issue
NO vaccination

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26
Q

Cause of third nipple

A

Failed involution of mammillary ridge

Swell/become tender during menses, pregnancy, lactation.

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27
Q

Bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate

A

Really low.

Requires higher dosing

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28
Q

Telomerase function

A

Adds TTAGG to 3’ of chormosomes (end)
Has telomerase reverse trascriptase part
Has telomerase RNA part

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29
Q

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a consequence of what?

A

MEasules virus (rubeola)

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30
Q

NPH, glargine, detemir, regular, lispro, aspart, glulisine: basal or post prandial

A

NPH: tX a day, basal
Glargine/detemir: 1xDay, basal
Regular: best for IV, 2-4 hr peak, postprandial
Lispro/aspart/glulisine: short peak, best postprandial

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31
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis cycle

A 
Penetrate skin, migrate to lung
Lung to pharynx, swallowed
Develop in intestine, lay eggs. Hatch
Rhabditiform (noninfectious) larvae found in poop
REINFECT
32
Q

Strongilloides stercoralis presentation and treatment

A

Pruritic streaks (LARVA cuRRENS)
Treat w/ ivermectin
Larvae in stool

33
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion effect on bladder

A

Hypertonic. No inhibitory signals.

34
Q

Focal vs generalized seizure difference

A

Focal: one hemisphere (simple vs complex determiend by loss of consciousness
Generalized: both hemisphere: two sides of body or absence

35
Q

Most common urea cycle disorder

A

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

36
Q

Key words for Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Low CD3 count
Multipal hemorrhagic polypoidal lesions
Spindle cells with sorrounding vessel proliferation on biopsy

37
Q

Creutzfeldt-jakob deisease

A

PrP (prion protein)
Rapidly progressive dementia with myoclonic jerks
Vacules in cytoplasm of nuetrophils and neurons.
Spongiform encelopathy

38
Q

ACE inhibitors vs antidiuretics

A

ACE inhibitors have the additional help in remodeling

39
Q

PAtent ductus areteriosis is kept open/closed by what?

A

Prostoglandin E2 (precent in placenta).
Preterm babies can’t close.
Cause continous murmur.
Widened pulse pressure seen.

40
Q

Pathologic finding for hep B?

A

accumulation of surface antigen (finely granular, homogenous, eosinophilic inclusions). GROUND glass appearance.

41
Q

Machine like murmur is code for what?

A

Transposition of great arteries (pulm artery switched with aorta connection to heart)

42
Q

Prefered method of diagnosis for toxic megacolon

A

Xray, plain

43
Q

Toxic megacolon is caused by:

A

C. Diff

Ulcerative collitis

44
Q

Spinal bifida inheritance

A

Multifactorial

45
Q

What CN come out of jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, XI

46
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

Small vessel vasculitis
Post-Viral/treptococcal URI, IgA mediated (young boys)
bloody urine, palpable skin lesions (lower extremities) , joint pain.

47
Q

What antibody treatment exists for severe asthma

A

Anti-IgE antibodies (IgG that binds to IgE and prevents binding, omalizumab)

48
Q

Where does the tRNA bind the amino acid?

A

3’ OH group

49
Q

Schistosomiasis is transmitted how?

A

Via freshwater contact (swimmin)

Vector: Snail

50
Q

Schistosoma species and infectious organ

A

S. Japonicum and S. Mansoni cuase intestine/hepatic

S. Haematobium: urinary schistosomiasis

51
Q

Protein targetting (sorting) to lysozome depend on what change to structure

A

Mannose residue phosphorlation

By phosphtransferase enzyme.

52
Q

Inclusion cell disease heritability and disease

A

Missing phosphotransferase enzyme. Accumultion of debri in lysosome (inclusion bodies seen)
Autosomal RECESSIVE

53
Q

Sertaline is what type of drug?

A

SSRI, antidepressant

54
Q

Ragged red fibers on muscle biopsy, muscle weakness, and nervous system dysfunction is a problem of what?

A

Mitochondria. No ATP.

55
Q

Calcification in arteries is a marker of what?

A

Necrosis

56
Q

Organ where vitamin D precursors are activated

A

7-dehydrocholesterol (Skin)
D3 (cholecalciferol) (liver/25 hydroxylase)
25-hydroxyvitmain D (kidney, 1-alpha-hydroxylase)
1, 25 - dihydroxyvitimain D

57
Q

Inulin, PAH, amino acid, urea in kidney

A

Inulin: only filtered. Not secreted or reabsorbed. (GFR)
PAH: filtered AND secreted. (Renal plasma flow). More clearance than GFR
amino acid: flitered and completely reabsorbed
Urea: excreted, filtered, and reabsorbed. Less than GFR

58
Q

Axonal reaction?

A

Axon severed. Nucleus displaced to periphery, cell body rounded. Nissl substance fine and granular and dispersed (protein synthesis increased to repair damage)

59
Q

Suprapubic insertion of needle will affect. Peritoneum?

A

No. Extraperitoneal (bladder)

60
Q

Retinal artery feeds from what?

A

Opthalimic artery

Branch of Internal coraotid

61
Q

Diplopia when walking down stairs affects waht muscle/nerve

A

Superior oblique/ trochlear nerve

62
Q

What organism destroyes myenteric plexus?

A

Neurotoxin from T. Cruzi (dilated esophagus, no peristalsis)

63
Q

Swannoma

A

High cellular areas with mixyoid regions of low cellularity.
S-100 due to neural crest origin.
Common at cerebello pontine angle
Can affect hearing.

64
Q

Travellers diarrhea is caused by:

A

E. Coli. Two exotoxins: LT and (heat liable (cholera-like)) and ST (heat stable)
cAMP: LT. cGMP: ST.

65
Q

Capitation;

A

Payor fixed predetermined fee to cover all medical fees (HMo)

66
Q

Measles

A

Fever, cough, rhinorrhea, conjuctivitis w KOPLIK spots (buccal white on erythemetous background)

67
Q

Function of suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nuclei

A

Circadian ryhtm

68
Q

With class switching/isotype switching problem, what is overexpressed?

A

IgM (it’s first IgM, then turns into others)

CD40 absence on T lymphocytes

69
Q

Increased methylmalonic acid and fatigue

A

AR disorder. No methylmanoyl-CoA mutase.
Cause metabolic acidosis.
Hypoglycemia (usage higher, can’t make TCA cycle work)
Free fatty acid : ketone.
Hyperammonemia

70
Q

Donpezil MoA

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor for alzheimerse disease.

71
Q

Alpha-1-trypsin deficiency

A

A-1-trypsin counteracts neutrophil elastase degradation of extracellular protein in alveolar walls.
Without opposing action, destruction.
Smoking makes MUCH worse.

72
Q

Milrinone MoA

A 
Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor
Increased cAMP = increased contractility
Tho also = arterial and venous dilation (same mechanism), can't use with hypotension
73
Q

How to calculate half life

A

(.7X volume of distribution)/ Clearance

74
Q

Phenytoin affects CYP450 in what way?

A

Induces

75
Q

First generation antihistamine have what secondary effect

A

Antimuscarininc/cholinergic (double vision with close objects)
Antialpha adrenergic
Antiserotonergic

Cilliary muscle (accomodation of lens) controleld by parasympathetic edinger-westphal ganglion. No AcH, no parasympathetics, no accomodation.

76
Q

Ceftriaxone MoA

A

Inhibitis transpeptidases (penicillin binding proteins)

77
Q

What murmur increases with handgrip?

A

Handgrip = increased afterload

Increased holosystolic murmur due to ventrical septal defect.

Step Wrong Qs (10 decks)

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