Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step Wrong Qs > May 16 > Flashcards

May 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Ischemic infarct CT appearance

A

Hypodense, poorly delinieated

Edema, loss of grey/white matter distinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infarct course

A

During first 48 hours, red neurons.
Neutrophils move in, then microglia (macrophage).
Microglia stain the strongest as fat cells. (Break down stuff, cause of liquefactive necrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute decompensated heart failure in CXR

A

Cardiomegaly
Secondary pulmonary edema (kerly b lines).
Perihilar alveolar edema (batwing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Path of CSF flow

A

Choroid plexus secretes, lateral ventricle->interventricular foramen of monro -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> foramina of Luschka and Magendie -> subarachnoid space.
Absorbed y arachnoid granulations into venous sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DSM5 for tourette

A

Multiple motor and one+ vocal tic (not necessarily concurrent)
>1 year.
Before 8
Treat with: antipsychitics, alpha-receptor antagonist, therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Filtration Fraction

A

FF = GFR/ RPF
GFR: creatnine.
RPF: PAH.
Clearance (urine X flow / serum).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Consequence of giardiasis

A 
Lactose intolerance (lactase deficiency)
Lactose -> Galactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Projection

A

Misattributing one’s own feelings to another who doesnt have them.
I lost the game. They must be ashamed of me (when really I’m ashamed).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TNF-alpha inhibitors

A

Adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

G6PD

A

X linked
Rate limiting in Pentose Phosphate (Glucose -6- phosphate to 6-phpsphogloconate (creating NADPH).
Oxidative damage causes hemolysis. (TMP/SMX for UTI can cause)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acidos/alkalosis compensaton

A

Met Acid: pH down, pCO2 down (HyperVent), HCO3 down.
Resp Acid: pH down, pCo2 Up, HCO3 up.
Met Alk: pH up, pCO2 up, HCO3 up.
Resp alk: pH up, pCO2 down, HCO3 down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Low back pain, improves with exercise but not rest (pain at night).
Hip, butt.
Limited chest expansion, chest mobility.
Systemic issues (fever, chills).
B27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Foot drop

A

Mostly common peroneal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is isoniazid metablized?

A

Liver. Acetylation (phase II)

Also: procainamide, hydralazine, TNF-alpha inhibitors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epinephrine effects

A

Alpha 1= vascular smooth muscle. VasoC.
Beta 1= skeletal smooth muscle. VasoD. increase heart rate.
If high dose, alpha 1 predominate, increased BP. If low, beta2 = decreased blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which HIV gene is related to rsistance to drugs?

A

Pol = to reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibtor
ENV: to escape antibodies (capsule).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Drugs used for PBH AND HTN

A

Doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

Alpha 1 lockers. Useful for vasoD too.

18
Q

Corticosteroids increase what immune cell?

A

Neutrophil. Bc demargination.

Previously attached to vessel wall, so they release.

19
Q

Enteric bacteria produce what?

A

Folate

Vitamin K

20
Q

Absence seizures

A

Mostly kids.
No postictal period. No recollection.
Ethosuximide or sodium valproate.
3Hz spike in EEG.

21
Q

Amniotic fluid embolism

A 
Cardiognic shock
Respiratory failure, hyoxemic
DIC
Seizures, coma
Histology shows: fetal squamous cell and mucin in pulmonary arteries of mom.
22
Q

Kallmann syndrome

A

Failure of GnRH secreting neurons to migrate. KAL1 mutation or FGFR1 mutation (codes for migration).
Hypogonadism, anosmia.
Delayed puberty.

23
Q

Delayed puberty

A

14 in boys

12 in girls

24
Q

Southwestern blot

A

Used to identify proteins that bind to DNA.

25
Q

Choronic kindey disease

A 
GFR down.
VitD (1,25,dihydroxyvitaminD) decrease (intestinal Ca+ down)
Phosphate retention (low GFR)
Low serum calcium -> high PTH trying to correct
26
Q

systemic sclerosis (limited)

A 
Crest
Calcium nodules. 
Raynauds phenominon. (Can lead to ulcer)
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
27
Q

Rickets

A 
VitD deficiency
Excess of unmineralized osteoid matriz (bc no calcium to do it)
Frontal bossing, craiotabes (soft skull) [prewalk]
Genu varum (bowing of femur) [post walk]
28
Q

Marker for fetal lung maturity

A

Phospholipids

Specifically (lectin to sphingomyelin ration (L/S), above 2

29
Q

Transport of glucose into the cell

A

Mostly by facillitated diffusion with help of GLUT

Steroselective for D-glucose

30
Q

How to reverse Methotrexate toxicity?

A 
Folinic acid (leucovorin). 
THF without the need for DHF reductase (inhibited by MTX)
31
Q

Super antigen affects what cells?

A 
Macrophages (MHCII)
T lymphocytes (TCR)
32
Q

Spice nucleotide

A

GU XXXXX…..XXXX AG

33
Q

CHF affects lung

A

Causes decrease in lung compliance

Fluid causes swelling of tissue

34
Q

Obstructed braciocephalic vein

A

Apical lung tumor, or thrombotic occlusion (central catheter)
Ipsilateral face swelling, subcutanous vein engorgement, and arm swelling.

35
Q

Brachiocephalic vein obstrcution vs superior vena cava syndrome

A

BV: ipsilateral
SVC: both sides

36
Q

Superomedial injection

A

Causes Trendelenburg gait. Hip drop when ipsilateral foot raised.
Injury to controlateral superior gluteal. Weaked gluteus minimus can’t contract on side of injury

37
Q

When to add mesna and for what?

A

Cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide (breast cancer)

To avoid hemorrhagic cystitis.

38
Q

RSV

A

Bronchiolitis (lower respiratory tract). Before age of 2.

Rhinorrea and congestion followed by wheezing and crackles.

39
Q

Adenomyosis

A

Endometrial glandular tissue within myometrial
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Painful
Uniformly enlarged uterus.

40
Q

Displacement

A

Emotions are transferred from person/object causing negative emotions to more neutral person/object.
“My wife cheated on me, so I yelled at my kids for doing little things”

41
Q

Spironolactone MoA

A

Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Potassim diarrhetic @ collecting duct.
Aldosterone puts in transporter (Na out/ K, H in).

Step Wrong Qs (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions