Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bloc H - Movement > May30 M3-Anatomy LL 1 > Flashcards

May30 M3-Anatomy LL 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 hip bones (forming ‘‘the hip bone’’)

A
  • ilium (top until mid acetabulum)
  • ischium (mid acetabulum to the bottom, posteriorly)
  • pubis (mid acetabulum to bottom anteriorly) (anterior branch)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

landmarks on the ilium

A
  • sacroiliac joint
  • ala of the ilium
  • iliac crest
  • AIIS and ASIS
  • iliac fossa (anterior ala of the ilium, the fossa)
  • articular surface in the back medially to articulate with the sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

landmark to know on the sacrum

A

coccyx (last bone in the bottom)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what’s the hip joint

A

joint between hip bone and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

structure associated to the pubis

A

pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

landmarks of the ischium

A
  • ischial spine in the back
  • ischial tuberosity in the bottom (the hamstrings spread from there)
  • greater and lesser sciatic notches (above and below the ischial spine). the greater sciatic notch is mostly ilium superiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hole in the hip bone

A

obturator foramen (hole formed by ischium and pubis, below acetabulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

regions of the femur

A

head, neck and shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

landmarks on the femur (4)

A
  • greater trochanter (laterally ant)
  • lesser trochanter (medially post)
  • intertrochanteric line (between trochanters anteriorly)
  • intertrochanteric crest (between trochanters posteriorly)
  • gluteal tuberosity (below intertrochanteric crest POSTERIORLY)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what muscle goes to the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bones forming the acetabulum (hip bone articular surface for femur)

A

all 3 hip bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

structures at the acetabulum to support the joint (5)

A
  • acetabular labrum (ring around the joint)
  • lunate surface (cartilage forming valley in the labrum)
  • acetabular fossa (hole in middle of valley formed by lunate surface)
  • ligament of the head of the femur (attaching fossa of femur head (the fovea) to acetabular fossa)
  • ligaments and joint capsule (around the labrum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name of hole in femur head

A

fovea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

characteristics of hip joint

A
  • ball and socket joint
  • multi-axial
  • synovial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

movements the hip can do

A
  • flexion (lift leg in front) and extension (lift leg in back)
  • ABDuction and ADDuction
  • medial and lateral rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is it that the hip flexion angle is 0 and that lateral balancing of the hip is due to ADDuction and ABDuction

A
  • standing (angle of 0)
  • sitting (angle of 90 flexion but you’re working on ABDuction and ADDuciton if moving leg to the side or medially)
  • ABDuction and ADDuction is balancing, not rotating the leg*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is it that hip flexion angle is 90 and that lateral and medial balancing of the hip is due to medial and lateral rotation

A

standing and lifting leg (hip) 90 degrees and rotating thigh ROTATING is turning the leg on its own axis not balancing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 ligaments supporting the hip joint

A
  • iliofemoral lig. (ant lat, on top)
  • pubofemoral lig. (ant med)
  • ischiofemoral lig. (posterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 weak spots of the hip joint ligaments

A
  • in the front, between iliofemoral and pubofemoral lig.

- in the back between iliofemoral (bc is on top) and ischiofemoral lig. (in back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

clinical significance of 2 weak spots of hip joint ligaments

A

possible dislocation bc there, the joint can come apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

% of post vs ant hip dislocations

A

90% posterior (femur to back, not in acetabulum, and leg a bit shorter)
10% to front (leg bit longer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

posterior vs anterior hip dislocation characteristics

A

-post = hip flexed, ADDucted, medial rot
-ant = hip slightly flexed, ABDucted, lat rot
(think post leg goes back so want to put leg as close to the body axis as possible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ligaments at the sacroiliac joint

A
  • anterior sacroiliac ligaments in front

- posterior sacroiliac ligaments in the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inguinal ligament from where to where

A

ASIS to pubic symphysis, running on ilium and pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ligament attaching from L5 vertebrae’s transverse processes to the ilium and associated muscle

A

iliolumbar ligament

-quadratus lomburum was attaching there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 important ligaments linking the sacrum to the ischium

A
  • sacrospinous ligament (sacrum to ischial spine)

- sacrotuberous (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

important function of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

A

prevent upward tilting of the lower end of the sacrum (sacral spine) by anchoring it to the ischium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the greater and lesser sciatic foramens

A

on each side of the hip bone, holes formed by

  • greater sciatic notch ant, ST lig. post and SS lig. inf (for greater sciatic foramen)
  • lesser sciatic notch ant, ST lig post and SS lig sup
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

muscle crossing through greater sciatic foramen and almost filling it + O and I + function

A

piriforms m

  • O: sacrum
  • I: greater trochanter of femur
  • fct: lat rot of the hip
30
Q

trick for distinguishing lat and med rot of the hip

A
  • medial = turn toes medially

- lateral = turn toes laterally

31
Q

6 lateral rotators of the femur at the hip

A

sup to inf (order in which you find them)

  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator externus (inn. by obturator n.)
  • are posterior except obturator externus*
32
Q

gemellus superior O and I

A

ischial spine to greater trochanter

33
Q

obturator internus O and I and trajectory

A
  • O: bone around the obturator foramen in the back (so starts more medially than the gemellus muscles bc this foramen is more medial than ischial spine)
  • passes through the lesser sciatic foramen (then turns into a tendon)
  • I: greater trochanter of femur
34
Q

gemellus inferior O and I

A

ischium (below ischial spine) to greater trochanter

35
Q

quadratus femoris O and I

A

ischium (below gemellus inf) to intertrochanteric crest (in the back)

36
Q

obturator externus O and I

A

O: bone around obturator foramen in the front (so outside the pelvis) to greater trochanter

37
Q

muscles for ABDuction of the femur and name of the group

A

small gluteals

  • gluteus minimus
  • gluteus medius
38
Q

gluteus minimus and medius O and I

A

posterior surface of the ilium to greater trochanter of the femur
note: gluteus minimus is under (more ant) medius in the back

39
Q

gluteus minimus two functions

A

medial rotation of the femur

ABDuction of the femur

40
Q

how small gluteals help when we walk (function)

A
  • allow the body not to bend in the side opposite to the stance leg and the swing leg not to sag
  • this would appear as moving the hip out on the lateral side (on side of the stance leg) bc swing leg sagging
41
Q

name of test where you check if swing leg sagging and stance leg side has the hip lat rotated + body tilted on swing leg side

A

Trendelenburg’s test

42
Q

gluteus maximus O, I and F

A
  • O: ilium, sacrotuberous lig and posterior sacroiliac lig

- I: gluteal tuberosity (back of femur) and iliotibial tract (it kind of starts the IT tract/band)

43
Q

what’s the fascia lata

A

deep fascia surrounding the whole thigh (muscle, bone, etc.)

44
Q

what’s the iliotibial band or tract (+ O and I)

A

thickening of the fascia lata on the lateral side forming a band

  • O: gluteus maximus
  • I: lateral side of the tibia
45
Q

tensor fascia lata O, I and F

A
  • O: iliac crest and ASIS
  • I: IT tract
  • F: tense the fascia lata and helps the use of the gluteus maximus to stabilize the hip and knee
46
Q

gait cycle def

A

once cycle of swing and stance by one limb (= taking 2 steps)

47
Q

2 phases of the gait cycle and their start and end

A
  • stance phase (60%). begins with heel strike. ends with push-off from the forefoot
  • swing phase: begins after push off (with forefoot) and ends with the heel striking the groud
  • while one limb is in the stance phase, the other limb is in the swing phase*
48
Q

steps of the stance phase

A
  • foot strike
  • drop the foot and other foot takes off
  • reversal of the fore-aft shear (pied déposé becomes the back foot as the other limb swings forward)
  • opposite foot strike (other limb was swinging and does a foot strike to touch the ground forward) (as this limb takes off with a push from the forefoot)
49
Q

steps of the swing phase

A
  • take the forefoot off
  • foot clearance (foot off ground, phase of swinging
  • tibia vertical in front of your body (swinging forward but not completely)
  • foot strike (heel to ground after swung forward)
50
Q

functions of gluteus maximus, medius and minimus in the gait cycle

A
  • gluteus maximus: stance phase foot ground opposite toe off step + reversal of fore-aft shear step. to push forward (hip extension)
  • small gluteals (medius and minimus): stance phase: ABDuction to keep body straight and not let swinging leg sag
51
Q

5 important nerves to lower limb (all come off the pelvis under the inguinal lig)

A
  • obturator n (L2,3,4)
  • femoral n (L2,3,4)
  • superior gluteal n (dnm level)
  • inferior glutela n (dnm level)
  • sciatic n (L4 to S3)
52
Q

obturator n does what muscles

A
  • ADDuctors

- obturator externus

53
Q

obturator n does what skin

A

skin of medial thigh between legs proximally

54
Q

obturator n trajectory

A

comes out of pelvis via obturator foramen

55
Q

femoral n covers what region

A

anterior thigh

56
Q

superior gluteal n inn. what + location

A
  • small gluteals (medius and minimus)
  • tensor fascia lata
  • above piriformis
57
Q

inferior gluteal n inn. what + location

A

gluteus maximus

*below piriformis

58
Q

sciatic n. location (comes off where)

A

under piriformis

59
Q

other n than sciatic and inferior gluteal n coming off under piriformis

A

posterior cutaneous n of the ghigh (on side of scatic n.): goes to the skin

60
Q

what nerves innervate the lateral rotators of the hip (5 of the 6, all except obturator externus)

A 
sacral nerves (there are 5, one to each of these muscles (branches of lumbosacral plexus from L4 to S2)
(to piriformus, gem sup, obt internus, gem inf, quadratus femoris)
61
Q

blood supply to the gluteal region

A
  • common iliac a gives internal iliac a

- internal iliac a gives superior and inferior gluteal a.

62
Q

location of sup and inf gluteal a

A

above and below piriformis

so superior gluteal a with superior gluteal n. and inf glut a with inf glut n.

63
Q

blood supply to the hip joint

A
  • common iliac a. gives external iliac a.
  • external iliac a. becomes the femoral a. after passes inguinal lig
  • femoral a. gives lateral and medial femoral circumflex a. (ring around femur neck)
  • femoral a. gives deep femoral a.
  • internal iliac a. also gave obturator a.
  • posterior branch of obturator a. gives foveal a
64
Q

blood supply to head of femur

A
  • medial circumflex femoral artery

- foveal a.

65
Q

hip fracture means what, how many types + can be divided

A
  • fractures of the femur (near the hip bone)
  • 6 types
  • can be divided in 3 above intertrochanteric line and 3 under it
66
Q

6 hip fracture types

A
  • subcapital neck fracture (right under the head)
  • transcervical neck fracture
  • intertrochanteric fracture
  • subtrochanteric fracture
  • fracture of the greater trochanter
  • fracture of the lesser trochanter
67
Q

worst hip fracture and why

A

transcervical neck fracture

  • ring of blood vessels (medial and lateral circumflex femoral a) around the lower part of the neck stops supplying the femoral head
  • left with only foveal a supply to head of femur (not enough)
  • avascular necrosis of femoral head (which causes many problems)
68
Q

consequence of avascular necrosis of femoral head

A

femoral head ischemia leads to:

  • death of marrow
  • death of osteocytes
  • collapse of the necrotic segment
69
Q

3 bursae in the hip + function

A
  • trochanter bursa (reduce friction between IT band and greater trochanter)
  • iliopsoas bursa (on iliopsoas m anteriorly)
  • ischial bursa (on gluteal tuberosity in the back of the femur)
70
Q

clinical relevance of the bursae in the hip

A
  • can get infected, inflamed or irritated. = bursitis

- inflammation of the trochanteric bursa is called greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) or trochanteric bursitis

Bloc H - Movement (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions