June1 M3-Anatomy LL 3 Flashcards
muscles of the anterior thigh
-quadriceps femoris
-sartorius (above quadriceps)
-iliopsoas (hidder below and medial to sartorius)
(TFL is not considered anterior thigh)
muscles of the medial thigh
layer 1 med to lat: -gracilis -adductor longus -pectineus (hidder lat and below adductor longus) layer 2 med to lat: -adductor magnus hamstring portion -adductor portion -adductor brevis
iliopsoas O, I, N and F
- O: iliac fossa for iliacus and post abd wall for psoas
- I: lesser trochanter of the femur
- N: lumbar plexus
- F: flexes the hip
iliopsoas function in gait
flex the hip in swing leg during foot clearance and tibia vertical phases of swing phase
pes anserinus is what
region in anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
sartorius m. O, I, N and F
- O: ASIS
- I: pes anserinus
- N: femoral n.
- F: HIP = lat rotation, ABDuct, flex. KNEE = medial rotation (of tibia) and flex
muscles allowing lateral rotation of the tibia (turning foot outwards. no eversion, inversion. when knee bent 90 degrees)
semimembranosus and semitendinosus
muscles allowing medial rotation of the tibia (turning foot inwards. no eversion, inversion. when knee bent 90 degrees)
sartorius
4 muscles of quadriceps femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- rectus femoris
- rectus intermedius
where 4 muscles of quadriceps femoris insert
quadriceps femoris tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
function of quadriceps femoris
knee extension
rectus femoris O, I, N and F
- O: AIIS
- I: quadriceps femoris tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- N: femoral n.
- F: extend the knee AND FLEX THE HIP
vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis O, I, N and F
- O: shaft of the femur (linea aspera in the back)
- I: quadriceps femoris tendon to patella to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
- N: femoral n.
- F: extend the knee
function of quadriceps femoris in the gait cycle
flex the hip and extend the knee during tibial vertical phase and foot strike at the end of the swing phase
pectineus m. O, I, N and F
- O: pubis
- I: upper femur (below lesser trochanter)
- N: half obturator n. (for the hip ADDuction fct) and half femoral n. for the hip flexion fct)
- F: ADDuct the femur at the hip + flex the hip
adductor longus O, I, N and F
- O: pubis
- I: posterior surface of the shaft of the femur (like adductor portion of adductor magnus)
- N: obturator n.
- F: adduct the femur
gracilis O, I, N and F
- O: ischium
- I: pes anserinus
- N: obturator n.
- F: adduct the femur and flex the knee. + medial rotation of the tibia (like sartorius)
adductor brevis O, I, N and F
- O: pubis
- I: posterior surface of the shaft of the femur
- N: obturator n.
- F: adduct the femur
adductor magnus (adductor portion) O, I, N and F
- O: ischium and ischial tuberosity
- I: posterior surface of the shaft of the femur
- N: obturator n.
- F: adduct the femur
adductor magnus (hamstring portion) O, I, N and F
- O: ischial tuberosity
- I: adductor tubercle of the femur
- N: tibial n. (like hamstrings)
- F: extend the hip (like hamstrings)
one common function to the muscles of the medial thigh
all adduct the femur (except hamstring portion of adductor magnus)
which muscles of the medial thigh flex the hip
pectineus
which muscles of the medial thigh extend the hip
hamstring portion of adductor magnus
which muscles of the medial thigh flex the knee and medially rotate the tibia
gracillis
3 muscles inserting at pes anserinus
sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus
terminal branch of the femoral n. (which got to the anterior thigh by passing under the inguinal ligament)
saphenous n. (cutaneous only, to medial leg)
femoral n. does what muscles of medial and anterior thigh
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
- half of pectineus (flex the hip part)
obturator n gets to medial thigh how
passes through the obturator canal (the obturator artery also passes there) and then splits into anterior and posterior divisions
whats the obturator canal
a hole that is not filled in the obturator foramen, in the superior portion of the obturator foramen
muscles of medial thigh inn. by obturator n.
- half of pectineus (adductor part)
- adductor longus
- gracillis
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus ADDUCTOR part
cutaneous inn. to very top of the thigh anteriorly
- lateral: lat cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- middle: femoral branch of genitofemoral n.
- medial: genital branch of genitofemoral n.
cutaneous inn. to the thigh anteriorly
- lat: lat cut n. of the thigh
- middle: anterior cutaneous n. of the thigh (a branch of femoral n.)
- medial: cutaneous branch of obturator n.
cutaneous inn. to the leg anteriorly for top of leg
- lat: lateral sural n.
- medial: saphenous n.
cutaneous inn. to the leg anteriorly for bottom of leg
- lat: superficial fibular n.
- medial: saphenous n.
genitofemoral n. pierces what muscle
psoas m.
blood supply to the anterior thigh
-branches of femoral a.
-branches of deep femoral a.
(+ have their matching veins)
blood supply to medial thigh
-branches of obturator a.
-branches of femoral a.
(+ have their matching veins)
perforating arteries precise names
- first perforating aa.
- second ‘’
- third ‘’
- fourth ‘’
venous circulation in the leg (the big veins)
- great saphenous v. branches off femoral v in proximal thigh and goes all the way down anteromedially to the dorsal venous arch in the foot
- femoral v. follows femoral. a and becomes popliteal v.
- popliteal v. gives 4 veins, including small saphenous vein which will go posterolaterally all the way to dorsal venous arch
(imp) great saphenous v vs small saphenous v. location + where they travel
- great = along thigh and leg anteromedially
- small = along leg posterolateral
- BOTH TRAVEL SUPERFICIAL TO THE FASCIA LATA SO THEY PIERCE IT*
branches that the popliteal v gives other than the small saphenous v.
- anterior tibial v. crosses leg laterally to go anterior
- posterior tibial v. in the back medially
- fibular v. in the back laterally
where great saphenous v. crosses leg to reach the foot
anterior to medial malleolus
where great saphenous v. reaches superficial to the fascia lata
saphenous opening in anterior proximal thigh. pierces outside to go superficial to fascia lata
other structure that pierces through saphenous opening with great saphenous v. to get superficial to fascia lata
saphenous n.
where small saphenous v pierces through the fascia lata to go superficial to it
in popliteal fossa (goes superficial posteriorly) after it branched from popliteal vein
which leg vein is responsible for varicose veins
small saphenous vein
varicose vein def
abnormal dilation of the small saphenous vein so that the cusps of the valves in this vein don’t close properly
cause of varicose veins
- gravity pulling down the venous blood
- blood pushed up and stuck on valves
- then, some people have dilated valve (it’s genetic/inherited) so these don’t close well and venous blood P pushes the valves
saphenous venous graft is what
- part of saphenous vein removed for a bypass
- vein inverted so that valves don’t obstruct blood flow
borders of the femoral triangle
- medial = adductor longus
- lateral = sartorius
- superior = inguinal ligament
roof and floor of the femoral triangle
- roof = fascia lata
- floor = pectineus (lat to adductor longus) and iliopsoas (med to sartorius)
thing to note about the fascia lata that is forming the root of the femoral triangle
contains the saphenous opening, hole for great saphenous v. to go superficial and travel anteromedially in upper extremity
what do you see most in the middle of the femoral triangle if you remove the fascia lata above it
lat to medial
- femoral n. (outside of femoral sheath)
- femoral a. (inside femoral sheath)
- femoral v. (inside femoral sheath)
- femoral canal which contains lymphatics (inside femoral sheath)
what’s the femoral sheath
tube of fascia surrounding the femoral a. v. and lymphatics deep to the fascia lata that covers the inguinal triangle
femoral sheath shape and origin
- funnel-shapped
- is a prolongation of transversalis fascia from abdomen
3 compartments of the femoral sheath
- lateral compt (contains femoral a.)
- intermediate compt (contains femoral v.)
- medial compt (femoral canal, which contains lymphatics)
- does not enclose the femoral n.*
in anatomy lab, 2 structures of femoral triangle not to confuse
- femoral vein
- great saphenous v
- great saphenous v. branches off femoral v and is superficial to the fascia lata*
- femoral v. does not go far from femoral a. and stays kind of close or stuck to it BC OF THE FEMORAL SHEATH*
