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Bloc H - Movement > May22 M3-Shoulder and back > Flashcards

May22 M3-Shoulder and back Flashcards

1
Q

3 bones of the elbow

A

scapula, humerus, clavicle

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2
Q

two processes of the upper part of the humerus

A

greater tubercle lateral

lesser tubercle medial

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3
Q

three processes of the scapula

A
  • spinous process (in the back, medial to lateral towards the top)
  • acromion (from spinous process reaching top), on roof of shoulder
  • coracoid process (process going anteriorly in top anterior of scapula)
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4
Q

landmarks on the scapula

A
  • triangle so has 3 borders (for ex medial border. other would be superior and lateral)
  • superior and inferior angle of the scapula
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5
Q

axial skeleton def

A

pelvis, vertebral column, sternum, ribs, etc.

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6
Q

only bone of the shoulder that articulates with the axial skeleton (and with what bone)

A

clavicle. articulates with the sternum

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7
Q

name of articulation between clavicle and sternum + supporting ligament

A
  • sternoclavicular joint

- costoclavicular ligament (from rib 1 to the clavicle)

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8
Q

what does the sternoclavicular joint allow (movement)

A
  • protraction and retraction of the shoulder girdle (scapula + clavicle complex) (moving forward and backward)
  • elevation and depression of the shoulder girdle
  • abduction and adduction of the shoulder girdle
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9
Q

articulations involved in reaching something anteriorly by putting the arm straight forward (protraction, retraction)

A

sternoclavicular joint only

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10
Q

charact of the sternoclavicular joint

A

articulation = 1 cm diameter articular disk (so is a NARROW joint. not much contact surface)

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11
Q

steps of ABDuction of the shoulder

A
  1. at rest, clavicle at 90 deg angle with humerus
  2. first 30 deg: mvmt at humerus-scapula (glenohumeral) joint (humerus rotating), clavicle and scapula not moving
  3. 30-170deg: clavicle elevation at the sternoclavicular joint (scapula will rotate PASSIVELY bc attached to the clavicle)
  4. 170+ deg: external upwards lateral rotation of the scapula
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12
Q

rule when visualizing and describing movement of a joint in anatomy

A

movements done in the anatomical position. palms of hand facing forward

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13
Q

movements that the humerus can do at the shoulder joint independently of the clavicle and the scapula, other than ABDuction and ADDuction

A
  • flexion and extension (arm straight + lift arm straight to front or back in anat position)
  • medial (internal) rotation and lateral (external rotation) with elbow at 0 deg flexion or 90 deg flexion)
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14
Q

2 sets of ligaments that reinforce the stability of the shoulder girdle

A
  • acromio-clavicular ligament between acromion and clavicle

- coraco-clavicular ligaments (coracoid process to clavicle).: one shape of trapeze one shape of cone

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15
Q

function of the acromio-clavicular ligament and the coraco-clavicular ligaments

A
  • keep scapula and clavicle close during movement (ex. elevation of clavicle during 30-90 deg abduction)
  • is what attaches the clavicle to the scapula
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16
Q

name of the portion of the scapula that articulates with the humerus + name of the articulation

A

glenoid cavity

-glenohumeral joint

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17
Q

portion of the humerus that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

A

head (with big bump medially)

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18
Q

problem of glenoid cavity + compensating mechanism

A

flat so humerus can easily dislocate

  • ring of cartilage called the LABRUM at the articulation to support it
  • glenohumeral capsule (is a ligament wrapping around the joint)
  • tendons of the long head of biceps and tendon of the rotator cuff muscles (that of long head of biceps travels humerus to scapula + travels in capsule) and
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19
Q

name of the type of joint that the glenohumeral joint is

A

bone and socket joint

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20
Q

function of the coraco-acromial ligament (note is same bone to same bone. scapula to scapula)

A

prevents superior dislocation of the humerus

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21
Q

structures around the shoulder joint that help reduce friction between bone + one example

A

bursas (synovial membranes forming a bursa with synovial fluid)
e.g. subacromial bursa (under the acromion)

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22
Q

4 muscles of the rotator cuff and common origin+insertion

A

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

all scapula to humerus

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23
Q

subscapularis location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • between scapula and ribs
  • scapula to humerus
  • medial rotation of the arm (humerus)
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24
Q

supraspinatus location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • over spinous process of scapula in back
  • scapula to humerus
  • abduction of the arm (first 15 degrees)
25
Q

infraspinatus location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • below spinous process of scapula in back
  • scapula to humerus
  • lateral rotation of the arm
26
Q

teres minor location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • under the infraspinatus m. in back of scapula
  • scapula to humerus
  • lateral rotation of the arm
27
Q

painful arc syndrome is what

A
  • pinching of supraspinatus tendon between acromion of the scapula and the clavicle or the head of the humerus (inflammation and pain)
  • only for first 15 degrees of abduction when supraspinatus involved*
28
Q

deltoid muscle location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • wraps on top of shoulder (location of intramuscular injection)
  • clavicle and scapula to humerus
  • ABDuction of the arm
29
Q

pectoralis major muscle location, origin, insertion, functions (2)

A
  • chest
  • sternum to humerus
  • ADDuction of the arm and flexion of the arm
30
Q

pectoralis minor location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • under pectoralis major
  • ribs to scapula
  • depression of the scapula
31
Q

serratus anterior muscle location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • between ribs and anterior surface of scapula
  • ribs to scapula
  • protraction of the scapula (doing push ups)
32
Q

3 groups of muscles of the trapezius muscle

A
  • upper fibers oblique from neck
  • middle fibers horizontal to scapula
  • lower fibers oblique from thoracic vertebra to scapula
33
Q

trapezius m. location, origin, insertion, functions (3)

A
  • in the back
  • vertebrae to scapula
    1. elevation of the scapula 2. retraction (opposite of protraction) of the scapula 3. lateral rotation of the scapula (ABDuction of the arm) (bc attaching to upper surface of scapula)
34
Q

only muscle of the shoulder innervated by a cranial nerve + specific level and nerve name

A

trapezius muscle

  • cranial nerve XI (11)
  • accessory nerve
35
Q

location of accessory nerve on the trapezius m.

A

on its inner surface (see it when reflect it)

36
Q

rhomboid muscle location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • in the back, near midline
  • vertebrae to scapula (coming from above scapula)
  • medial rotation of the scapula + retraction of scapula
37
Q

levator scapulae m. location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • on top of shoulder, in neck
  • vertebrae to scapula.
  • elevation of the scapula
38
Q

latissimus dorsi m. location, origin, insertion, functions (2)

A
  • middle and lower back
  • lumbar and sacral vertebrae to humerus
  • adduction of the arm and extension of the arm
39
Q

meaning of flexion and extension of the arm

A

whole arm (arm and forearm) straight completely extended + swings forward (extension of the arm) or backwards

40
Q

teres major m. location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • below teres minor behind scapula
  • scapula to humerus
  • ADDuction and extension of the arm (like latissimus dorsi)
41
Q

biceps brachii m. location, origin, insertion, function

A
  • anterior arm
  • scapula to forearm
  • flexion of arm and forearm
42
Q

Hornblower test is what

A
  • patient arm ABDucted 90 degrees in the scapular plane (30 degrees rotated anteriorly to the normal body plane)
  • you push on dorsum of the hand
43
Q

Hornblower test: what’s the movement being tested + which of supraspinatus, deltoid, teres minor and subscapularis is/are involved in this test

A
  • lateral rotation of the arm
  • teres minor. other ones would be infraspinatus and supraspinatus but supraspinatus already doing its job (abduction) and infraspinatus is not listed here
44
Q

muscle for medial rotation of the arm

A

subscapularis

45
Q

muscles for lateral rotation of the arm (2)

A
  • infraspinatus

- teres minor

46
Q

muscles for extension of the arm (2)

A
  • teres major

- latissimus dorsi

47
Q

muscles for flexion of the arm (2)

A
  • pectoralis major

- biceps brachii

48
Q

muscles for adduction of the arm (3)

A
  • teres major
  • pectoralis major
  • latissimus dorsi
49
Q

muscle for the depression of the scapula

A

-pectoralis minor

50
Q

muscles for the elevation of the scapula (2)

A
  • trapezius

- levator scapulae

51
Q

muscle for protraction of the scapula

A

serratus anterior

52
Q

muscles for retraction of scapula

A
  • trapezius

- rhomboids

53
Q

muscle for the medial rotation of the scapula

A

rhomboids

54
Q

muscle for the lateral rotation of the scapula

A

trapezius

55
Q

muscle for flexion of forearm that crosses shoulder joint

A

biceps brachii

56
Q

muscles for first 30 deg of arm ABDuction

A
  • muscles attaching at the humerus*
  • supraspinatus
  • deltoid
57
Q

muscles for ABDuction of the arm 30 to 170 degrees

A

muscles for elevation of the clavicle (linked to scapula so levator scapula, trapezius)

58
Q

muscles for ABDuction of the arm 170+ degrees

A
  • muscle for lateral external rotation of the scapula*

- trapezius m.

Bloc H - Movement (48 decks)

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