June4 M3-Anatomy LL 4 Flashcards
medial and lat malleoli are on what
medial on tibia
lateral on fibula
tibia articulates with what bone of the foot
talus
function of the top and bottom holes in interosseus membrane between tibia and fibula
let blood vessels pass through (anterior tibial a. for ex for top one)
what’s an extension of the foot
doesn’t exist. we have two flexions
- dorsiflexion
- plantar flexion
- *BUT YOU SAY EXTENSION AND FLEXION FOR THE TOES**
on front of the shin (leg), what should be the muscle we touch
tibialis anterior m. (on the tibia)
4 muscle compartments in the leg
- anterior
- lateral
- superficial posterior
- deep posterior
muscles of superficial posterior group of leg
- gastrocnemius
- plantaris (runs between gastrocnemius more superficial and soleus deeper)
- soleus
muscles of deep post group of leg
- popliteus
- flexor digitorum longus
- tibialis posterior m.
- flexor hallucis longus
gastrocnemius (medial and lateral head) O, I, N and F
- O: posterior distal lateral and medial femur
- I: calcaneus (via the calcaneal tendon)
- N: tibial n.
- F: knee flexion, plantar flexion
soleus O, I, N, F
- O: soleal line of tibia and head of the fibula (soleus is a bit lateral in the leg)
- I: calcaneus (via the calcaneal tendon)
- N: tibial n.
- F: plantar flexion
plantaris O, I, N, F
- O: lateral distal posterior femur
- I: calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
- N: tibial n.
- F: plantar flexion and knee flexion
plantaris vs popliteus
- plantaris is strong, tube-like and narrower
- popliteus is sheet-like, thinner and covers more space
popliteus (deep posterior group) O, I, N and F
- O: posterior surface of tibia above the soleal line
- I: lateral epicondyle of the femur (PASSES DEEP TO LCL)
- N: tibial n.
- F: lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia (unlock the knee, after locked in hyperextension)
relation of popliteus m. with LCL
passes deep to it
(trick to not be confused and think that plantaris passes deep to LCL: popliteus is in deep layer so popliteus passes deep to LCL)
when is popliteus more free and why (in which position)
when the knee is bent, bc LCL is less tense
soleal line is what
a bump on the back of the tibia that goes medial to lateral as you follow it upwards
3 muscles other than popliteus in post compt of leg and order in which they come
med to lat
- flexor digitorum longus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of tibia
- I: distal phalanges of lateral four toes
- N: tibial n.
- F: 1. plantar flexion 2. support arch of the foot 3. flex the distal phalanx of the 4 toes
tibialis posterior O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of tibia and fibula + interosseus membrane
- I: plantar surface of medial side of the foot (near base of 1st metatarsal)
- N: tibial n.
- F: 1. plantar flexion 2. support arch of the foot 3. invert the foot
flexor hallucis longus O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula
- I: distal phalanx of big toe
- N: tibial n.
- F: 1. plantar flexion 2. support arch of the foot 3. flex the distal phalanx of the big toe
2 crossings of the muscles of the deep posterior leg + where happen
- tibialis posterior goes medial to flexor digitorum longus (happens post to medial malleolus)
- flexor hallucis longus tendon goes medial to flexor digitorum tendon (happens on plantar surface of the foot medially)
muscles in ant compt of the leg and their order
med to lat
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius
tendons crossing in muscles in ant compt
no tendons crossing as in deep posterior compt
tibialis anterior O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of tibia and interosseus membrane
- I: plantar surface of medial side of the foot (like tibialis posterior) (near base of 1st metatarsal)
- N: deep fibular n.
- F: invert the foot. dorsiflexion
extensor hallucis longus O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane
- I: distal phalanx of the big toe
- N: deep fibular n.
- F: dorsiflexion of the foot and extend the big toe
extensor digitorum longus O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane
- I: middle AND distal phalanges of lat four toes
- N: deep fibular n.
- F: extend the lateral four toes, dorsiflexion of the foot
fibularis tertius O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane
- I: base of 5th metatarsal
- N: deep fibular n.
- F: dorsiflex the foot and evert the foot
muscles of the lat compt of the leg in order
- fibularis longus (more superficial) (mostly tendon near the foot)
- fibularis brevis (deep to fibularis longus) (tendon + muscle near the foot)
fibularis longus O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula
- I: base of 1st metatarsal (crosses under the plantar surface to reach there)
- N: superficial fibular n.
- F: evert the foot + support the arch of the foot
fibularis brevis O, I, N, F
- O: shaft of fibula
- I: base of 5th metatarsal
- N: superficial fibular n.
- F: evert the foot
muscles inserting near base of 1st metatarsal + surface of foot they travel on
- tibialis anterior (dorsal)
- tibialis posterior (plantar)
- fibularis longus (plantar)
muscles inserting near base of 5st metatarsal
- fibularis brevis (dorsal)
- fibularis tertius (dorsal)
muscles doing inversion of the foot
- tibialis anterior
- tibialis posterior
muscles doing eversion of the foot
- fibularis tertius
- fibularis brevis
- fibularis longus (outlier bc goes to 1st metatarsal on plantar surface, but still does eversion)
fibularis longus, brevis and tertius relation to lateral malleolus
- both longus and brevis pass under it
- fibulars tertius passes over it
tibialis anterior function in gait cycle
dorsiflexion during foot strike (end of swing phase, beginning of stance phase) (to control the foot as it lands on the floor and not do a foot drop)
gastrocnemius function in gait cycle
plantar flexion during opposite foot strike (stance phase, last push before toe off) and toe-off phase of stance phase (beginning of swing phase)
foot drop def
gait abnormality where dropping of forefoot happens due to one of 3 reasons
- weakness
- damage to common fibular n.
- paralysis of the muscles in the anterior compt of leg
which muscle is especially not working during foot drop within that ant compt)
tibialis anterior
inn. to biceps femoris short head
common fibular n.
how to recognize medial vs lat side when looking at popliteal fossa
medial side has the femur doing a bump medially (+ has many stripes of muscles)
if see that the sciatic n. is too small in the popliteal fossa what does that mean
- it’s not the sciatic n. . you’re looking at either of tibial n. or common fibular n. bc sciatic n. already branched more proximally.
- have to look for the other branch of sciatic n. that you’re not seeing
mnemonic to remember order of muscles attaching to pes anserinus
Say Grace before Tea (SGT). bc anterior to posterior on medial side = sartorius, then gracillis, then semitendinosus.
tibial n. travels where in the leg
deep to soleus so deep between the superficial and the deep compt
tibial n. innervates what muscles in the leg
superficial and deep posterior compartments muscles
common fibular n. runs where in the thigh
alongside biceps femoris tendon in the back
common fibular n. passes near what as it enters the leg
around head of fibula. it is pretty superficial. then branches off
2 divisions of the common fibular n.
- superficial fibular n.
- deep fibular n.
superficial fibular n. runs where + does what in the leg (is a branching after common fibular passed near head of fibula)
becomes superficial right away (cutaneous) + does fibularis longus and brevis
deep fibular n. runs where + does what in the leg
- on ANTERIOR surface of the interosseus membrane
- does muscles of anterior compt of the leg
how deep fibular n. reaches the anterior compt of the leg
it pierces the interosseous membrane through its proximal hole
where does deep fibular n. become cutaneous
between big toe and second toe (so much after superficial fibular n.)
cutaneous inn. to lower leg and foot (dorsal surface) anteriorly
- lower leg = saphenous n. medially, superficial fibular n. in the middle and lateral sural n. laterally
- foot = tibial n. very lateral, superficial fibular n. for everything except deep fibular n. for space between 1st and 2nd toe
cutaneous inn. to the lower leg + foot (plantar surface) posteriorly
- lower leg (like rest of leg) = lateral sural n. (from common fibular n.), medial sural n. (from tibial n.) and saphenous n.
- foot = tibial n.
name of the popliteal a. as i enters the leg
becomes tibial a.
diff arteries coming off popliteal/tibial a.
- anterior tibial a. (goes through top hole of interosseus memb. with deep fibular n.)
- fibular a. (lat)
- post tibial a. (med)
anterior tibial a. does what in the foot
becomes dorsalis pedis a. (medial) which then becomes the arcuate arch and then you have dorsal metatarsal aa. and dorsal digital aa.
how do the the arcuate arch and the plantar arch in the foot communcate
the dorsalis pedis a. connects them by crossing plantar to palmar between big toe and 2nd toe
2 things running together on anterior surface of interosseous membrane (between tibia and fibula)
anterior tibial a.
deep fibular n.
n, a and v in ant compt
- deep fibular n.
- anterior tibial a. and v.
n, a and v in lat compt
- superficial fibular n,
- fibular a. and v.
n, a and v in deep posterior compt and superficial post compt
- tibial n.
- posterior tibial a. and v.
