May 16: Social Rejection and Devaluation to Those Who Do Not Comply with Social Norms of Body Weight and Shape

Question 1

What is Size Diversity and Health At Every Size®?

Answer 1

Promotes size diversity, body acceptance, and healthier body image

Question 2

Weight stigma

Answer 2

Social rejection and devaluation to those who do not comply with social norms of body weight and shape

Question 3

Obesity rates in the US for: overweight or obese adults, obese adults, and obese 2-19 year olds

Answer 3

~73.6% of the US adult population is classified as overweight or obese. ~41.9% are classified as obese. ~21.2% of 2-19 year olds are classified as obese.

Question 4

Body mass index

Answer 4

Derived from the mass and height of a person

Question 5

Limitations of BMI

Answer 5

Doesn’t account for body fat, water, muscle, waist size, or bone density
Doesn’t factor in age, sex, race/ethnicity
Wasn’t developed to measure health

Question 6

Double burden of malnutrition

Answer 6

In addition to the many who are obese or overweight, many people are malnourished

Question 7

What changes during college could affect body composition?

Answer 7

Schedule change
Sleep patterns
Food availability
Uncontrolled portions (food)
Decline in physical activity

Question 8

Why might excess body fat accumulate in the modern person?

Answer 8

Excess of 50-100 calories daily, leading to big effects, also changes in lifestyle like less exercise

Question 9

What is upper body fat and how would someone be classified as having it?

Answer 9

“Apple-shaped”: excess abdominal fat

To be classified as having such, waist must be >40 inches males, >35 inches females

Question 10

What is lower body fat?

Answer 10

“Pear-shaped”: excess hip/femoral fat

Question 11

Visceral fat

Answer 11

Fat that builds up around your organs, playing a structural role. Too much can be bad

Question 12

Does subcutaneous or visceral fat pose greater health risks?

Answer 12

Visceral fat

Question 13

What is a fat cell called?

Answer 13

Adipose cell

Question 14

What is lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and how is it affected by different factors?

Answer 14

Fat storage enzyme

LPL activity impacted by factors: fat deposit site, hormones, weight loss (increase), exercise

Question 15

When do fat cells typically increase in size AND number during a human’s life cycle?

Answer 15

Newborn: 3rd trimester to 1 year
Teen: adolescent growth spurt
Adulthood: gain in fat cell size and number only if weight gain stimulus is significant

Question 16

How does weight gain and weight loss influence fat cell size and number?

Answer 16

You can gain more fat cells, but you can’t lose them; they only grow larger or shrink

Question 17

Leptin

Answer 17

Hormone that leads to feelings of fullness

Question 18

Ghrelin

Answer 18

Hormone that stimulates feelings of hunger

Question 19

Central nervous system influences on food intake

Answer 19

Hypothalamus
Brain chemicals

Question 20

Peripheral factors that influence food intake

Answer 20

Hormones
Fat mass & cell size
Stomach factors (PYY, ghrelin)
Exercise

Question 21

Physiological conditions that influence food intake

Answer 21

Pregnancy
Excess body fat
Eating disorders
Cancer
Psychological conditions

Question 22

Environmental (external) influences on food intake

Answer 22

Time of day
Eating cues
Temperature

Question 23

Causes/theories for excess body fat

Answer 23

Excess calories converted to fat, stored in fat cells, and obesity develops over time
- Calorie imbalance
- Inactivity
- Genetic influence
- “Set-point” theory

Question 24

What is a weight inclusive approach?

Answer 24

Focus on viewing health as multidimensional, need for access to non-stigmatizing healthcare, weight is not the ultimate goal

Question 25

Key components of evidence-based body composition adjustment programs

Answer 25

Change energy intake (reduce or increase)
Behavior or modification
Physical activity

Question 26

What is intuitive eating?

Answer 26

Involves trusting your body: identify physical vs. emotional hunger, make peace with food