Matter and the Periodic Table Flashcards
Properties of gas 3
- no definite shaper or volume
- fluid
- particles spread apart and move in all directions
properties of solid 3
- definite shape shape and volume
- particles closely packed
- particles vibrate
crystalline solids 2
- made of crystals
- regular pattern
amorphous solids
don’t have regular pattern
properties of liquid 3
definite volume, not shape
- fluid
- particles packed tightly but can still move
surface tension
inward pull among molecules that bring molecules on surface together
viscosity
liquid’s resistance to flowing
fluid
substance that flows
sublimation
solid to gas
deposition
gas to solid
melting
solid to liquid
freezing
liquid to solid
evaporation
liquid to gas
condensation
gas to liquid
charles’ law
when the temp. go gas increases, volume of gas increases and vice versa
boyle’s law
when pressure of gas increases, volume of gas decreases and vice versa
mass number
sum of protons and neutrons in nucleus
proton 3
- positive charge
- in nucleus
- same amount as electrons
neutrons 3
- no charge
- in nucleus
- mass#-atomic#
electrons 3
- negative charge
- travel around nucleus
- same amount as protons
atomic number 2
- # of protons in nucleus
- identifies each element
atomic mass 2
- aka atomic weight
- average sum of protons and neutrons
isotope
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
period 2
- row on PT
- elements in same period have same number of energy levels
shell 3
- energy levels, path electrons travel
- increase every period
- pattern: 2, 8, 8…
group 2
- column on PT
- elements in same group have same number of valence electrons
valence electrons
electrons in the outer shell
hydrogen 2
- no family
- gas
alkali metals 4
- group 1
- shiny
- soft
- very reactive
alkaline earth metals2
- group 2
- very reactive
transition metals 3
- groups 3-12
- familiar metals
- conductors
boron family 3
- group 13
- named after boron
- has metalloids and metals
rare earth metals 2
- 30 rare elements
- lethanide and actinide series
carbon family 3
- group 14
- includes all 3 types
- carbon=basis of life
nitrogen family 3
- group 15
- nitrogen=78%atmosphere
- includes all 3 types
oxygen family 3
- group 16
- oxygen=most abundant on earth
- combines with almost all elements
halogens 3
- group 17
- most reactive non metals
- never found in nature
noble gases 3
- group 18
- colorless, unreactive
- found in small amounts
metals 4
- shiny
- durable
- conductivity
- reactivity decreases left to right
nonmetals 2
- very reactive to unreactive
- can be all three states of matter
metalloids 4
- characteristics of metals and nonmetals
- hard
- somewhat reactive
- conduct electricity under certain conditions
