Cell in its environment Flashcards
selectively permeable membrane
membrane that only allows certain materials cross it though pores, separates the cell from surrounding area
diffusion
movement of molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to an area in which they are less concentrated
osmosis
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
if water is moving from high to low then it is going from a..
dilute solution to a concentrated solution
what is passive transport
movement of materials without use of energy like diffusion or osmosis
homeostasis
a stable internal environment
- oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange
- bring in nutrients
- get rid of wastes
active transport
the movement of molecules though a membrane using energy, usually from low to high or because particles are too big
name two types of active transport
exocytosis-moving out
endocytosis-moving in
explain exocytosis
- ) materials transported to inside side of cell in vesicle
- ) membrane and vesicle join together
- ) create opening for particles to leave
explain endocytosis
- ) membrane extends around particle that is taken in
- ) membrane creates a vesicle around particle
- ) vesicle moves freely
transport proteins
in the cell membrane, require energy to work, pump particles in or out of the cell from low to high concentrations
photosynthesis
process of using sun’s energy to create glucose and oxygen,
photosynthesis takes place in
chloroplasts
equation for photosynthesis
words
sun+carbon dioxide+water=glucose+oxygen
equation for photosynthesis
actual
sun+6COtwo+6Htwo0=CsixHtwelve0six+6Otwo
cellular respiration
process of turning glucose and water into ATP (energy), carbon dioxide, water
cellular respiration takes place in
mitochondria
equation for cellular respiration
words
glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water+ATP
equation for cellular respiration
actual
CsixHtwelve0six+6Otwo=6COtwo+6Htwo0+ATP
photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
OPPOSITES, what one creates, the other breaks down
how to animal cells get glucose since they don’t do photosynthesis
they get it from food which can always be traced to a plant which does photosynthesis to get glucose
cell cycle
the sequence of growth that cells undergo
interphase
first stage of cell cycle, period before cell division, cell copies DNA
mitosis
the stage when the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei, has four parts
prophase
first phase in mitosis, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles and spindle fibers appear
metaphase
2nd phase in mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle and attach to spindle fibers
anaphase
3rd phase in mitosis, centromeres split and move to either sides of cell
telophase
4th phase in mitosis, nuclear membrane forms, cell begins to split
cytokinesis
after mitosis, cell membrane splits and now there are two daughter cells, chromatids condense into chromatin
chromatin
stringy like fibers in interphase and cytokinesis
chromatid
when the chromatin condenses, in anaphase, telophase, and part of interphase
chromosome
to sister chromatids that are connected, in prophase, and metaphase
centromere
the thing that connects the sister chromatics (chromosomes)
centriole
the block that is at either end of the cell during metaphase and anaphase that holds the spindle fiber
spindle fiber
the long strand that stretches across the cell in metaphase and anaphase
list the cell cycle in order
interphase (mitosis) prophase metaphase anaphase telophase (end mitosis) cytokinesis
