Classification and Characteristics of Life Flashcards
classification
the systematic grouping of organisms into categories on the basis of evolutionary relationships or physical appearance
taxonomy
the science of classification
why do we classify
it helps us keep track of the millions of different living things on earth
carolus linnaeus
father of taxonomy
binomial nomenclature
two-word name of a species
Genus, species (italicized)
ex: homo sapiens for humans
classification levels
7: kingdom King phylum Phillip class Came order Over family For genus Good species Soup
Kingdoms
6: eubacteria even archaebacteria amy protists prefers fungi fewer plants people animals around
grouping organisms into kingdoms is based on…
cell type
cell number
feeding type
cell type
the presence or absence of cellular structures such as nucleus
prokaryotes: no nucleus or other organelles (ex: bacteria)
eukaryotes: nucleus and other organelles (ex: animals)
both have DNA
cell number
number of cells in organism
unicellular: only one cell
multicellular: many cells
feeding type
how organisms get their food
autotroph: (producer), makes own food
heterotroph: (consumer), must eat other organisms to survive
pathogen
organism that causes infectious disease
groups of pathogens
4: bacteria viruses fungi protists
how bacteria is spread
4: contaminated... person animal object food, water, soil
body defense 1
barriers: skin, breathing passages, mouth and stomach
body defense 2
inflammatory response: white blood cells cause fever, swelling
body defense 3
immune response: t-cells and b-cells
t: attack and recognize pathogens
b: produces antibodies to kill pathogen
antigen
proteins with unique chemical structures
antibodies
proteins that destroy pathogens
virus
type of pathogen that can only reproduce inside a living cell, can’t survive on its own
viral reproductive process
1: inserted into host cell
2: exhorts DNA into cell making more viruses
3: new viruses released from cell
vectors
how viruses are transmitted (airborne, food/water, bites)
anterior
top or front
posterior
behind or end
dorsal
back
ventral
bottom
lateral
sides
bilateral symmetry
if when cut from anterior or posterior the halves are equal
radial symmetry
if when cut in half the resulting halves are not equal
external anatomy of worm
segments to help move, clitellum to store eggs
circulatory system of worm
lateral hearts, closed circulatory system
digestive system of worm
1 2 3 4 5
esophagus crop gizzard intestine anus
early life of frog
lives in water
gills
tadpole
adult life of frog
lives on land
lungs
legs
respiratory system of frog
young: gills
old: lungs
circulatory system of frog
closed system with blood vessels
digestive system of frog
small teeth, has liver
1 2 3 4 5 6
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
7
intestine, cloaca
frog life cycle
adult frog–>eggs–>tadpole–>tadpole with legs–>young frog……
metamorphosis
process in which an animal’s body undergoes dramatic changes in form during its life cycle
amphibians and reptiles are
cold blooded
