Matter And Mixtures Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
Is the amount of matter in an object
3 States of Matter
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape
Solids have a definite volume
Solids cannot be compressed
Solids cannot flow
Properties of Liquids
Liquids have no definite shape
Liquids have a definite shape
Liquids cannot be compressed
Liquids can flow
Properties of Gases
Gases have no definite
Gases have no definite volume
Gases can be compressed
Gases can flow
Heat Energy
In order for a substance to change state
(From a solid to a liquid or liquid to a gas)
It needs Heat Energy
Latent Heat
As a substance changes state it
uses Latent Heat. There is no change to
temperature but the state of the material changes.
Melting point
The melting point is when both
the solid and liquid state exist together
(Changing from a solid to a liquid
The boiling point
The boiling point of a liquid is when
evaporation begins to happen throughout
the liquid (changing from a liquid to a gas)
Condensation
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration E.g. spray
perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room
Plasma
It is very similar to a gas, in fact plasma
is a gas that can carry an electric charge
Physical Change
No change in particles, just the particle arrangement
and energy, easy to reverse e.g. mixing water and salt
Chemical Change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance
is formed,very difficult to reverse e.g burning a match
During a Chemical Reaction
The atoms rearrange to form a new
substance. Might be seen by colour change
Temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles
Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter can be changed from 1 form
to another. During physical and chemical
changes, there is no overall change in mass
Mixture
A mixture consists of 2 or more
Substances mingled together but not
chemically combined e.g. sand and water
There are 4 Methods of separating Mixtures
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble
solids (Do not dissolve in a liquid)
from a liquid by using filter paper and a
funnel to trap the solids e.g sand and water
Evaporation
Used to separate solids (dissolve in liquids)
from a solution by evaporating off the
liquid to leave the solids e.g. salt and water
Distillation
Used to separate two liquids with different
boiling points such as alcohol (boils at 78 degrees)
and water (boils at 100 degrees). Also used to separate a
soluble solid from a liquid (e.g. seawater) to give a pure sample of each.
Chromatography
Used to separate a mixture
of dissolved substances in a solution.
E.g. the different colours in a black marker.
Insoluble
Does not dissolve in a liquid
