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Science > Human Reproduction and Genetics > Flashcards

Human Reproduction and Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and reales the eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

Carry the egg to the uterus fertilisation occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus

A

Is where the fertilised egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercorse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is realesed from ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

An egg is released

A

On day 13-15 of the menstrual cycle and it passes along the fallopian tube to the uterus

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8
Q

Menstruation/Period

A

The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)

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9
Q

Fertile Period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in late 40s to early 50s

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produce Sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Where the testes are, it’s located outside the body to ensure the tempeture is lower than body tempature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

A coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland and Cowpers Gland

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allow them to swim

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16
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between 10 and 16

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18
Q

Male Puberty

A

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are realesed causing the voice to deepen, hair grows around sex organs, face,chest and underarms the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.

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19
Q

Female Puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop,hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body.
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring.
An egg will be released every month until the menopause.

20
Q

Intercorse

A

During intercorse the mans penis fills with blood and becomes hard enough to be placed inside the woman’s vagina.

21
Q

Semen

A

A mixture of sperm cells and seminal fluid called semen is released into the vagina.

22
Q

Sperm

A

The sperm swim up the uterus and into the fallopian tubes.

23
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercorse, then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it.

24
Q

Fertilised Egg

A

The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg.

25
Q

Zygote

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single zygote

26
Q

Embryo

A

Cell division occurs and growth

27
Q

Foetus

A

Which attaches to the lining of the uterus(implantation) grows more and after 8 weeks look like a human

28
Q

Zygote - Embryo - Foestus

A

Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
Embryo,which attaches to the lining of the uterus grows more and after 8 weeks look like a human
Foetus

29
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks.
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called AMNIOTIC FLUID.
Provides a cushion for the embryo

30
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta

31
Q

Placenta

A

The placenta is rich in blood vessels.
Is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood.
Also wastes such as Carbon Dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into he mothers.

32
Q

Birth

A

The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to counter the.
This is called labour.
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts (waters break) and further contractions push the baby out usually head first,through the vagina.
The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta (afterbirth) comes out after.

33
Q

Lactation

A

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant.
The production of breast milk is called lactation.

34
Q

Colostrum

A

The first 3 days of milk is called colostrum, very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection.

35
Q

Family Planning

A

To control the number of children to control the number of times fertilisation takes place.
Natural methods of contraception aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period.

36
Q

Artificial methods of contrapection

A

Condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina.
Another example is the contraceptive pill which prevents ovulation.
It is important to realise no method is 100% reliable.

37
Q

Sexual Reproduction (of plants)

A

Involves two parent planets
A cell from each combining to produce a seed which becomes a new plant
This plant has features of both parents

38
Q

Asexual Reproduction (of plants)

A

Involves only one parent
Cella from this parent divide and a new plant grows from these cells
This plant is identical to the parent

39
Q

Inheritable Charateristics

A

Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents.
The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm.

40
Q

Chromosomes + Genes

A

Chromosomes: The nucleus of each sex cell(gamete) contains 23 thread lie structure called Chromosomes.
Chromosomes are made of protein and DNA. These chromosomes carry genes.

41
Q

Genes

A

Genes are chemical found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children.

42
Q

DNA

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

43
Q

46 Chromosomes

A

When a egg and sperm cell fuse (each has 23 chromosomes) they give the individual that are creating 46 chromosomes.
One set comes from the mother the other from the father.

44
Q

Eyes

A

If the gene from the sperm is brown eyes and the gene from the egg is brown eyes then the child will have brown eyes.
The child is said to be homozygous for brown eyes, as she has only one type of eye colour gene.

45
Q

Eyes

A

If the gene from the sperm is for blue eyes and the gene from the egg is for brown eyes one of the genes is usually stronger and this one is the one that will be seen in the child.
This stronger gene is called the dominant gene
The weaker gene is called recessive
Brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes
The child will be heterozygous brown eyed.

Science (8 decks)

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