Matter Flashcards
Atom
particle of matter
consists of a nucleus that is surrounded by electrons
Electron
negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
Proton
positvly charged subatomic particle in the nucleus
determines element
Electron configuration
2,8,8,2
element
a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance
molecule
made up of two or more atoms
can be differnet or the same
ionic bonding
type of linkage
when valence electrons are permanently transferred to another atom
Periodic Table
a table in which elements are arranged in order of atomic number and groupd according to properties
electrical stability
if outer shell is full its stable
ion
a charges atom that has an unequal amount of protons and electrons
(either lost or gained electrons)
alpha particle
radioactive particle containing two protons and two neutrons
can be stopped by paper
beta particle
radioactive particle with little mass
e-g.electron
can be stopped by tinfoil
neutron
a neutral,no charge, subatomic particle in the nucleus
Nucleus
the centre of an atom
Contains protons and neutrons
Electron shell
a defined area of space in which electrons move around an atoms nucleus
Atomic number
number of protons
Mass number
the number of protons + neutrons
Neutral
has no charge
Isotope
an isotope is a different form of an element
Has more or less neutrons in the nucleus
Gamma rays
high energy electromagnetic rays released as part of radioactive decay
Can be stopped by lead
Half-life
the time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay
Anion
atoms that gain electrons to become electrically stable
Cation
atoms which loose electrons to be electrically stable
Radiation
energy that comes from a source and travels through a source at the speed of light
