Chemical Reactions Flashcards
acid
Donates a proton
Releases positively charges hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water
Forms hydronium ion
Oxidation
Things reacting with oxygen
Metal + Oxygen -> metal oxide
Exothermic
Engery released
Reactants have more energy than the products
Neutralisation
Acids & Bases neutralise each other when mixed
Acid + Base -> salt + water
Indicators
Changes with the pH of a solution
Universal Indicator, litmus, bromothymol blue
pH
Hydrogen ion concentration
as pH decreases - more acidic
as pH increases - more basic
hydroxide ion
OH-
^oxygen and hydrogen
forms from a base
Hydronium ion
H3O+ (little three)
^three hydrogen, one oxygen
water molecule
forms from acid
endothermic
energy absorbed
products have more energy than the reactants
acid & base reactions
if a base is a carbonate….
base + acid -> carbon dioxide + salt + water
acids can corrode metals….
hydrochloric acid + magnesium -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas
^ bubble pop example
base
accepts a proton
forms a hydroxide ion
combustion
is a type of oxidaiton that produces ALOT of energy
fuel + oxygen ->carbon dioxide + water vapour
complete combustion & incomplete combustion
fuel + (excess) oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
fuel + (limited) oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water
Law of convervation of mass
mass can neither be created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
Products
present at the end of a chemical reaction
right of the arrow
the outcome
reactants
present at the start of a chemical reaction
left of the arrow
what is going to be reacting
Acids reacting with metal
acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen
Properties of Acids
corrosive
taste sour
low pH
change litmus to red
conduct electricity when in solution
Properties of Bases
cautistic (burn, corrode)
slipperly or soapy
taste bitter
high pH
dont change litmus as its already blue
conudct electricity when in solution
Strength
readily donates or accepts proton
completely ionises (seperates)
Concentration
how much is there?
