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MATS Flashcards

1
Q

Airport Traffic

A

All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an airport and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an airport

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2
Q

Manoeuvring Area

A

The part of an aerodrome, other than an apron, that is intended to be used for the takeoff and landing of aircraft and for the movement of aircraft associated with takeoff and landing

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3
Q

CZ (control zone)

A

A controlled airspace of defined dimensions extending upwards from the surface of the earth up to and including 3000 ft AAE unless otherwise specified.

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4
Q

TRA (tower radar area

A

An area of defined dimensions surrounding a controlled aerodrome within which ATS surveillance services are provided

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5
Q

Airport Control Service

A

A control service provided by airport control towers to aircraft and vehicles on the manoeuvring area of an airport and to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport

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6
Q

Separation Basics

A

Separate aircraft consistently according to these fundamentals of safe, orderly, and expeditious control:1
* Planning: determine the appropriate separation minimum required
* Executing: implement the selected standard
* Monitoring: ensure that the planned and executed separation is maintained

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7
Q

MANOT

A

Provide MANOT information to an aircraft if its intended route overlies any part of the search area at an altitude and in weather conditions that are suitable for visual observation by the pilot.
Forward any response related to a MANOT to the operations duty manager or appropriate JRCC without delay.

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8
Q

Chaff Drop

A

Inform all pilots operating in a proposed or actual chaff drop area of the following:
* Location
* Time
* Estimated speed and direction of drift
* Altitudes likely to be affected
* Approximate intensity of the chaff

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9
Q

Chaff

A

Radar confusion reflectors, which consist of thin, narrow metallic strips of various
lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes.

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10
Q

CIRVIS

A

A plan developed for the reporting of vital intelligence sightings to extend the earlywarning coverage of the North American continent

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11
Q

ATS Surveillance Monitoring

A

The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path

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12
Q

Aerodrome Information

A

Issue information on field conditions and the status of airport equipment or
services, either directly or through the ACC, in sufficient time for it to be useful to
the aircraft.

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13
Q

Denying Service:

A

Do not authorize airport traffic to use an airport or any part of an airport that is
closed by the Airport Operator

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14
Q

FIC: Canada

A

: A centralized ATS unit that provides services pertinent to pre-flight and
the enroute phase of flight.

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15
Q

FP (flight plan)/FI (flight itinerary):

A

Specified information, submitted in accordance with the Canadian Aviation

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16
Q

Regulations (CARs), with regard to the intended flight of an aircraft

A

A flight plan shall be filed with an air traffic control unit, a flight service station or a community aerodrome radio station

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17
Q

Modifying Active Flight Plans and Flight Itineraries

A

Advise a pilot requesting a modification to a VFR FP/FI to contact the FIC

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18
Q

Advise a pilot requesting a modification to a VFR FP/FI to contact the FIC

A

When the pilot [1] on an IFR FP/FI requests to change to a VFR FP/FI, but a composite FP/FI has not been filed:
* If VFR flight is not permitted because of the airspace classification, inform the
pilot and ask intentions.
* If VFR flight is not permitted because of current weather conditions, pass the
most recent weather sequence to the pilot and ask intentions.
* Obtain the aircraft destination, ETA, and SAR time.
* Forward the flight information to the ATOS unit for processing

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19
Q

VFR Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary:

A

If requested by the pilot or the FIC, report the arrival time of VFR aircraft to the appropriate FIC.

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20
Q

Movement Area

A

The part of an aerodrome intended to be used for the surface movement of aircraft
and that includes the manoeuvring area and aprons

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21
Q

Apron

A

That part of an aerodrome, other than the manoeuvring area, intended to accommodate any of the following:
* The loading and unloading of passengers and cargo
* The refuelling, servicing, maintenance, and parking of aircraft
* Any movement of aircraft, vehicles, and pedestrians engaged in services necessary for such purposes.

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22
Q

Ground Traffic

A

All traffic, other than aircraft, on the manoeuvring and runway protected area, such
as vehicle, equipment, and personnel.

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23
Q

Air Traffic

A

All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome

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24
Q

INTXN/Intersection

A

The point where two runways, a runway and a taxiway, or two taxiways cross or
meet

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25
Q

Aerodrome

A

Any area of land, water (including the frozen surface thereof) or other supporting
surface used, designed, prepared, equipped, or set apart for use, either in whole or in part, for the
arrival, departure, movement, or servicing of aircraft. This includes any buildings,
installations, and equipment situated thereon or associated therewith

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26
Q

ARPT (airport)

A

An aerodrome for which an airport certificate is in force

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27
Q

Controlled Aerodrome

A

An aerodrome at which an ATC unit is in operation.

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28
Q

Controlled Airport

A

An airport at which an airport control service is provided

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29
Q

ATS Surveillance Service

A

You may apply ATS surveillance control procedures, provided:
* The aircraft is identified.[2]
* The aircraft is in the TRA.
* You are satisfied that the displayed ATS surveillance information is adequate.

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30
Q

Routing

A

Know the distance and direction of each prominent landmark that may be used as a
visual reporting point within a 25-mile radius of the airport. If necessary, help pilots
determine the location of a visual reporting point

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31
Q

CAVOK

A

A term (pronounced KAV-OH-KAY), derived from the words “ceiling and visibility
OK,” that may be used in air-ground communication when meteorological information is transmitted to
aircraft. CAVOK refers to the simultaneous occurrence at an airport of all of the following meteorological
conditions:
* No cloud below 5000 ft, or below the highest minimum sector altitude (MSA), whichever is higher, and
no cumulonimbus
* A visibility of 6 SM or more
* No precipitation, thunderstorm, shallow fog, or drifting snow

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32
Q

Calm Wind

A

Issue wind direction and speed as calm if the wind speed is:
* 2 knots or less on an analog dial indicator instrument
* 00 knot on a digital reading instrument, EXCDS, METAR, SPECI or automated observation

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33
Q

Gusty Winds

A

When gusty wind conditions are obtained from reports or observed on direct
reading instruments, issue wind direction and speed of gusts.

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34
Q

Altimeter:

A

Express altimeter settings as four-digit numbers, indicating the inches of mercury to
the nearest hundredth of an inch. Do not indicate the decimal point. Pronounce the
digits 5 and 9 as indicated in Phonetic Number Pronunciation

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35
Q

Direct Reading Altimeter

A

Use the unit’s direct reading altimeter as the primary instrument for obtaining
the local altimeter setting. At locations where the direct reading altimeter is independent of the primary
source digital barometer, verify its accuracy against the reference altimeter setting when opening the
unit, if applicable, and at least once per shift.

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36
Q

Aerodrome Equipment

A

Keep informed of the operating status of airport equipment used by aircraft or ATC.

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37
Q

Altimeter Setting Information:

A

Issue the altimeter setting as follows:
* If the setting is 28.99 or lower, or 31.00 or higher, state the setting twice…(altimeter), I SAY AGAIN (altimeter)

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38
Q

PIREP

A

A report by a pilot pertaining to weather conditions encountered in flight.

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39
Q

Forwarding PIREPS:

A

The position designated responsible for disseminating weather information, if
applicable
* If the weather is of significance, to:
◦ Concerned pilots
◦ Appropriate FIC
◦ Other concerned sectors/units

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40
Q

Radar-Observed Weather/Weather Radar

A

Issue information about a radar-observed weather area as follows:
[size or extent of the area], (position), [MOVING ( SLOWLY / RAPIDLY ) ] [direction], (other information)

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41
Q

Weather Information

A

Obtain weather information from METARs, SPECIs, or LAWO, supplemented by
PIREPs and controller’s observations. Advise pilots when the METAR or SPECI are
provided by an AWOS.

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42
Q

Ceiling

A

The lesser of:
* the height above ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud covering more than half the sky
* the vertical visibility in a surface-based layer that completely obscures the sky

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43
Q

Ground Visibility

A

With respect to an aerodrome, the visibility at that aerodrome as contained in a
weather observation reported by any of the following:
EO 103.2 Determine the weather. Weather
Basic Airport Control Course 1110-15 Lesson Plan L103-24
* An ATC unit
* An FSS or FIC
* A community aerodrome radio station (CARS)
* An automated weather observation system (AWOS) used by the Department of Transport, the
Department of National Defence, or the Atmospheric Environment Service for the purpose of making
aviation weather observations
* A radio station that is ground-based and operated by an air operated by an air operator.

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44
Q

NC_SWOP – Prevailing Visibility

A

It is the maximum visibility value common to sectors comprising one-half or more of the horizon circle

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45
Q

Active Runway

A

Any runway or runways currently being used for takeoff or landing. When multiple
runways are used, they are all considered active runways.

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46
Q

Runway Selection

A

Assign runways as indicated in Assigning Runways. You may suggest or approve a
request for another runway, provided:
* You or the aircraft gain an operational advantage.
* You clearly indicate the wind direction and speed to the pilot.

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47
Q

Crosswind

A

When referring to wind conditions, a wind not parallel to the runway or the path of
an aircraft.

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48
Q

Tailwind

A

For runway operations, considered to exist whenever the surface wind exceeds an
angle of 90° to the runway used by an aircraft.

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49
Q

Wind direction indicator

A

An indicator that is in the form of a truncated cone made of fabric and that is
not less than 12 ft long and, at the larger end, not less than 3 ft in diameter, so constructed as to give a
clear indication of the direction of surface wind and a general indication of wind speed

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50
Q

Operating Surfaces

A

Issue a take-off or landing clearance to a fixed-wing aircraft, provided the operation
takes place on a runway or another approved and designated area. Taxiways may be used only in an
emergency.
If the pilot requests to land on or take off from a surface other than a runway or an approved and
designated area:
* If necessary, provide traffic and obstruction information, and control instructions.
* Inform the pilot that landing or takeoff will be at the pilot’s discretion.

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51
Q

Noise AbatemenT

A

When issuing a clearance, vectors or approving a pilot’s request, except for reasons of
flight safety, follow noise abatement procedures. Even in the absence of established procedures, avoid
clearing or directing aircraft that generate significant noise over a populated area, particularly at night

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52
Q

Local Operations

A

: Consider noise abatement requirements and other pertinent regulations before
authorizing a deviation from the designated traffic circuit.

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53
Q

Customer, Public, and Media Communications

A

Direct all media inquiries to NAV CANADA Media
Relations (1 888 562 8226). Direct inquiries from the public to the airline company or NAV CANADA
head office (1-800-876-4693).

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54
Q

Preferential Runway

A

One or more runways designated and published by the airport operator whose
selection directs aircraft away from noise-sensitive areas during the initial departure and final approach
phases of flight. Designation of preferential runways may be governed by time restrictions, weather,
runway conditions, airport layout, aircraft routings, or capacity maximization.

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55
Q

Wet Runway

A

Covered with sufficient moisture to cause it to be reflective, but not “contaminated”.

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56
Q

Crosswind Component

A

The wind speed measured in knots at angles from 20° to 90° from the runway in use that would equal the effect of a wind applied at 90° to the runway in use.

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57
Q

ATIS (automatic terminal information services)

A

The wind speed measured in knots at angles from 20°
to 90° from the runway in use that would equal the effect of a wind applied at 90° to the runway in
use.

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58
Q

ATIS Identification

A

: ATIS messages are identified with a code letter as follows:
* Assign a code letter in sequence from the phonetic alphabet, beginning with ALFA, and continuing to
ZULU until all letters are used, then start a new cycle without regard to the beginning of a new day.
* If the broadcast is interrupted for 6 hours or more, assign code ALFA to the first message on
resuming service.
* If two radio frequencies are used to simultaneously broadcast in both official languages, assign the
same code letter and use identical message content.
* If two radio frequencies are used to simultaneously broadcast an arrival ATIS message and a departure
ATIS message, assign the same code letter to both

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59
Q

ATIS Broadcast

A

If the ATIS broadcast is interrupted, inform concerned sectors/units

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60
Q

ATIS Format:

A

Keep ATIS messages concise. Do not include RVR in the ATIS message.
Include the following information in order, as applicable, in the ATIS message:
1. Aerodrome name
2. Message code letter [4]
3. Weather information, including:
○ Time of weather report (METAR, SPECI) or sequence
○ Surface wind, including gusts [5][6]
○ Visibility, weather and obstructions to vision and sky condition (specify the ceiling, if applicable).[7] You
may replace this information with the term CAVOK. LAWO sites are only to include visibility and
ceiling information.
○ Temperature
○ Dew Point
○ Altimeter setting [8]
○ Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs and PIREPs that include severe weather
conditions in the vicinity of the airport[9], which may be itemized or referred to
alphanumerically in the ATIS messages
○ Other pertinent weather information

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61
Q

ATIS Message

A

In accordance with unit procedures, compose, record, and distribute ATIS messages
and if required, complete an ATIS Message form (NC28-0098).

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62
Q

Broadcast

A

With the exception of ATIS-NG, verify the accuracy of an ATIS recording before the message is
broadcast.[14] Provide a copy of the current ATIS message to each concerned position.

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63
Q

Aerodrome Information

A

Issue information on field conditions and the status of airport equipment or
services, either directly or through the ACC, in sufficient time for it to be useful to the aircraft

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64
Q

Runway and RPA Operations

A

Before authorizing taxiing aircraft or ground traffic to operate on a runway
being used for landing or takeoff, coordinate with the airport controller. The status and ownership of
runways must be indicated at the operating position(s).

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65
Q

Unit Coordination

A

Coordinate, as appropriate, with other operating positions within the unit and with
other ATS units or concerned agencies

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66
Q

RPA (runway protected area):

A

The area around an active runway established to protect aircraft taking off and landing from taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.

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67
Q

Radio Check

A

Respond to requests for radio checks or readability by using either plain language
or the readability scale indicated below
1 Unreadable
2 Readable now and then
3 Readable but with difficulty
4 Readable
5 Perfectly Readable

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68
Q

Establishing Contact

A

Insert the aircraft call sign or the identification of the receiving unit at the
beginning of every transmission and, as required, your unit identification as the second item. If the
source of the transmission may be misunderstood, use the words THIS IS before identifying your unit

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69
Q

Words and Phrases

A

Use standard phraseology contained in MATS whenever possible. Use standard
phraseology in preference to plain language. If phraseology contained in MATS is not understood, use
clear and concise plain language.

70
Q

Clarifying Requests

A

Clarify a request from a vehicle operator as follows:
( vehicle id ) ( unit id ) STATE YOUR REQUEST.
( vehicle id ) ( unit id ) WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?

71
Q

Unit Identification

A

Once communication is established with a pilot, you may adjust the unit
identification:
* If your position has only one function and there is no likelihood of misunderstanding, you may omit the
unit name and function.
* If your position has more than one function, you may omit the unit name, but must state the function
in each transmission.
For sectors with multiple frequencies or combined sectors with multiple frequencies, you do not need to
restate unit name when a pilot is changed to another frequency under your jurisdiction.

72
Q

Aircraft Taxi or Ground Traffic

A

Movement Instructions: When issuing aircraft taxi or ground traffic movement instructions:
* Issue instructions as necessary, in plain, concise language.
* Instruct the pilot or driver to either CROSS or HOLD SHORT of a runway on their route.
* Instruct the pilot or driver to CROSS or HOLD SHORT of a taxiway on their route, as necessary.
* Obtain a readback of a HOLD or HOLD SHORT instruction. [1]
READBACK HOLD INSTRUCTIONS.
READBACK HOLD SHORT INSTRUCTIONS.
* In initial movement instructions, include only that portion of the intended route to the first “hold” area
or intermediate point.
* If alternate routes are available, include the specific route.
* Amend aircraft taxi or ground traffic, movement instructions when necessary.
Remember that the last clearance issued takes precedence over and cancels any related item of a
previous clearance. When you amend a route, re-issue HOLD SHORT instruction

73
Q

Operations in Controlled Manoeuvring Areas

A

For taxiing aircraft or ground traffic on any controlled
manoeuvring area, identify the aircraft or vehicle and issue specific instructions as appropriate.

74
Q

Words to Avoid in Movement

A

In authorizations or instructions for aircraft to taxi, do not use the word
CLEARED. When communicating with ground traffic, do not use the words GO AHEAD, CLEAR, or
CLEARED. If the destination of the aircraft or the vehicle is a runway, avoid the word TO in the route

75
Q

Refusing or Delaying Requests

A

When you refuse, delay, or modify a request from a taxiing pilot or a
vehicle operator, say NEGATIVE followed by further instructions and, if necessary, the reason. When a
pilot or a vehicle operator requests a specific route that involves crossing a runway and a hold short
instruction will be issued, the use of NEGATIVE is mandatory

76
Q

Correcting a Clearance or Instruction

A

Identify and correct any errors made during delivery or readback
of a clearance or instruction, even if a readback is not required. If there is any possibility of
misunderstanding, cancel and restate the clearance or instruction in full.

77
Q

Visual Scanning

A

Before issuing clearances or instructions to airport traffic, and, to the extent
possible, at other frequent intervals, visually scan the manoeuvring area thoroughly, as follows:
* Be systematic.
* Scan at least twice to overcome “object hypnosis” (seeing only things that move).
* Move your eyes from one point to another (rather than in one continuous sweep).
* Scan from left to right.
* Be aware that you can only focus on a small area at a time (approximately the area that would be
covered by your fist when your arm is extended in front of you)

78
Q

Instructing Ground Traffic on a Non-Manoeuvring Area

A

If ground traffic on the non-manoeuvring area requests to proceed into the RPA,
you may do either of the following:
* Instruct the traffic to remain outside the area.
MOWER TWO-THREE-SIX, NEGATIVE, TRAFFIC DEPARTING.
* Approve the request using clear and concise direction.
TRUCK EIGHT-TWO, PROCEED INTO THE RUNWAY TWO-FIVE PROTECTED AREA

79
Q

Instructing Ground Traffic to Leave the RPA

A

If ground traffic is operating within the RPA, instruct the traffic to exit the area when required.
( vehicle id ) ( LEAVE / EXIT / VACATE / GET OFF ) ( runway id ) PROTECTED AREA, ( reason ), REPORT OFF.
STAFF TWO-FOUR, LEAVE THE RUNWAY TWO-FIVE PROTECTED AREA, TRAFFIC LANDING, REPORT OFF.

80
Q

Repetitive Operations

A

When required for repetitive ground traffic operations, you may instruct ground
traffic to operate on a single runway and through a runway intersection.
PROCEED ONTO ( runway id ), CROSS ( runway id ) UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED.
PROCEED ONTO RUNWAY THREE-FOUR, CROSS RUNWAYS ZERO-TWO AND TWONINE UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED

81
Q

Aircraft Identification

A

If a call sign includes the aircraft’s registration, use the phonetic alphabet for that
aircraft registration

82
Q

Aircraft Call Signs and Abbreviations:

A

After initial contact using the full call sign, some aircraft call signs
may subsequently be abbreviated. Unless it assists in distinguishing one call sign from another, avoid
abbreviating call signs of aircraft with similar sounding identification.

83
Q

Similar Call signs

A

If communicating with two or more aircraft that are using the same flight number
or similar-sounding call signs, advise each of the aircraft concerned of the other’s presence.
WESTJET EIGHT-ONE-THREE, BE ADVISED JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE ALSO ON THIS FREQUENCY. JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE, BE ADVISED WESTJET EIGHT-ONETHREE ALSO ON THIS FREQUENCY. If further clarification is required, do one of the following:
* For emphasis, restate the telephony designator of the aircraft after the flight number.
JAZZ EIGHT-EIGHT-ONE-THREE JAZZ
* Add the type of aircraft to the call sign
NAVAJO BRAVO ZULU ALFA

84
Q

Wake Category Suffixes

A

Include the wake category suffixes HEAVY or SUPER as appropriate in the initial
contact. After communication is established, you may omit these terms.

85
Q

MEDEVAC

A

A term used to request Air Traffic Service priority handling for a medical evacuation flight,
based on a medical emergency in the transport of patients, organ donors, organs or other urgently
needed life-saving medical material. The term is to be used on flight plans and in radiotelephony
communications if a pilot determines that a priority is required.

86
Q

Priority Suffixes

A

For medical evacuation flights, include the priority suffix “MEDEVAC” in all
communications.

87
Q

Accommodating a Pushback Request

A

If a pilot requests a pushback on the apron, and traffic and
workload permit, do the following:
* Inform the pilot that the pushback is at the pilot’s discretion.
* Provide traffic information if required.
( aircraft id ) [ traffic information ], PUSH BACK AT YOUR DISCRETION

88
Q

Suggesting Holding Position on a Pushback Request

A

Using the term STAND BY or suggesting an aircraft
hold position does not stop the aircraft from pushing back. In most cases, however, the pilot will wait for
further information.
If unable to accommodate a pushback request due to traffic or workload, do one of the following:
* Inform the pilot to stand by and provide a reason if one is available.
( aircraft id ) STAND BY [ traffic information or reason ]

89
Q

Denying a Pushback Request Due to Traffic on the Manoeuvring Area

A

If pushback on the apron
infringes on a manoeuvering area, you may instruct the pilot to hold position.
( aircraft id ) HOLD POSITION [ traffic information or reason ]
WESTJET TWO-SIX, HEAVY, HOLD POSITION, TRAFFIC AIRBUS THREE-EIGHTY TAXIING
ON MIKE TAXIWAY

90
Q

Taxiing operations on Aprons and Non-Manoeuvring Areas

A

Movement of aircraft on the apron or
non‑manoeuvring area is the responsibility of the pilot, the aircraft operator, or the airport operator. If
workload permits, provide traffic and obstruction information to pilots of aircraft taxiing on aprons or
non‑manoeuvring areas.

91
Q

Operations in Controlled Manoeuvring Areas

A

If necessary, inform a taxiing aircraft that a portion of the
manoeuvring area is not visible from the tower, and if possible, provide traffic and obstruction
information.

92
Q

Denying Service

A

Do not authorize airport traffic to use an airport or any part of an airport that is
closed by the Airport Operator.

93
Q

Traffic Information

A

Keep aircraft informed of pertinent airport traffic. Provide position information and
traffic information to all concerned aircraft to assist them in establishing visual separation

94
Q

Aviation Occurrence Reporting (AOR) Procedures

A

Keep aircraft informed of pertinent
airport traffic. Provide position information and traffic information to all concerned aircraft to assist
them in establishing visual separation.

95
Q

Air Traffic Services Deviations (AD

A

which are situations that occur where air traffic services are being
provided, and when a preliminary investigation indicates that safety may have been jeopardized, less
than minimum separation may have existed, or both.

96
Q

Pilot Deviations (PD)

A

which are situations that occur where actions of a pilot result in noncompliance
with an ATC instruction/clearance or a violation of the Canadian Aviation Regulations.

97
Q

Vehicle or Pedestrian Deviations (VPD)

A

which are situations that occur when a vehicle operator, a non-
pilot operator of an aircraft, or a pedestrian proceed without authorization onto the protected area of a
surface designated for landing or taking-off

98
Q

Ground Traffic in the Controlled Manoeuvring Area

A

Do not issue instructions that permit unrestricted
movement of ground traffic on a controlled manoeuvring area, although, you may instruct ground traffic
to operate on a single runway and specific taxiways.
…PROCEED ONTO RUNWAY THREE-ZERO AND TAXIWAYS ALFA AND BRAVO, CROSS RUNWAY ZERO-SEVEN UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED.

99
Q

Words to Avoid in Movement Instructions

A

Do not issue conditional instructions or instructions that
depend on the movement of an aircraft. Examples of conditional taxi instructions NOT to be used
include:
…LINE UP BEHIND THE LANDING AIRCRAFT
…PROCEED ACROSS RUNWAY ONE-TWO AFTER DEPARTING SEVEN-THRITY-SEVEN

100
Q

Position Fundamentals

A

Before assuming responsibility for any operating position:
* Be able to produce your valid Aviation Document Booklet (ADB) or equivalent
* Ensure that licensing and proficiency requirements are met.[1][2]
* Sign in as required in unit procedures.
* Read and acknowledge all mandatory information, as determined by the unit manager.
* Review appropriate operational information, for example, NOTAMs, aerodrome conditions, equipment
status, and weather information.

101
Q

Vacating an operating position

A

Do not vacate an assigned operating position unless both of the following occur:
* You are relieved by a person qualified to assume responsibility for that position.
* You follow unit directives for the transfer of position responsibility.
A controller who relieves another controller at an operating position assumes full responsibility for the
position; a controller who assists another controller does not.
Vacating an Operating Position When no Replacement is Available
If you are the only qualified person in the unit, you follow unit guidelines for temporarily vacating an
operating position

102
Q

Relieving a Controller from an operating position

A

When relieving another controller from an operating position:
1. If the position is equipped with an electronic log‑on system that records time preparing to accept
responsibility for the control position, and time on duty in the position, log on according to unit
directives. A trainee is expected to log on with the OJI and to log off when leaving the position.
2. Observe operational situations and equipment.
3. Listen to communications.
4. Observe current and pending traffic.
5. Verify the position relief checklist.
6. Correlate information.
7. Inform the controller being relieved that the position has been reviewed and request a verbal briefing.
8. Exchange all pertinent data and ask questions, as appropriate, to ensure understanding.
9. After the verbal briefing, state, or otherwise indicate clearly to the controller being relieved, that
position responsibility has been transferred.

103
Q

Responsibilities when being relieved from an operating position

A

When being relieved from your
operating position:
* Provide a verbal briefing to the relieving controller using the position transfer checklist.
* If the communication system permits, record the verbal briefing.
* Remain with the relieving controller for monitoring purposes. During this time, reinforce the position
relief briefing and help the relieving controller become familiar with the position.
* When combining a position, perform the post‑relief overlap procedures at the position where the
operation was combined.

104
Q

Assisting a colleague

A

You may assist a controller responsible for a position, provided one of the
following conditions is met:
* The responsible controller asks for assistance and specifies the assistance required.
* You inform the responsible controller of the assistance you will be providing and receive approval

105
Q

Statistics:

A

Record only aircraft events that are controlled by the tower or are not already recorded in
another category

106
Q

Altitude:

A

As directed in CARs, altitudes at 3000 feet AGL and below can be assigned to VFR aircraft. If
necessary for separation, you may assign or suggest an altitude to a VFR aircraft to apply separation
from:
* A specific airspace
* A specific IFR or VFR traffic flow
* Other aircraft

107
Q

VFR Waypoint Identification

A

In communications with pilots, identify a VFR waypoint by its full name, not by its identifier

108
Q

Linkage

A

An automated or manual function that matches ATS surveillance data with flight plan data

109
Q

Code Assignment

A

Assign an aircraft a discrete code in preference to a non-discrete code.
This assignment preference also applies to VFR aircraft operating in a TRA.
If a discrete code is not assigned by ATC:
* Gliders use the non-discrete code 1202
* VFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes:
o 12500 ASL and below: 1200
o Above 12500 ASL: 1400
* IFR and CVFR aircraft use the following non-discrete codes:
o HLA: 2000
o LLA: 1000
You may assign a non-discrete code to either of the following:
* An aircraft that has canceled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance
service
* A VFR aircraft for which ATS surveillance service is being terminated

110
Q

SSRs and Aircraft Codes

A

Instruct pilots of transponder-equipped aircraft to reply to SSR interrogation by
assigning the appropriate code. If required, you may assign special condition codes.
SQUAWK ( four-digit code ).
SQUAWK SEVEN-FIVE-ZERO-ZERO

111
Q

Operating without Transponder

A

When an aircraft without a serviceable transponder requests to
operate in transponder airspace, respond as indicated in Requests to Operate without a Transponder

112
Q

Taxi Departure Clearance

A

As required, issue a taxi departure clearance items in the following order:
1. Aircraft identification [4]
2. Unit identification [5]
3. Runway information [6]
4. Wind information [7]
5. Altimeter information [8]
6. Movement instructions [9]
7. Supplementary information, may include traffic, an SSR code, airport conditions, or RVR data
8. Communication instructions
WESTJET THREE-SEVEN, RUNWAY ZERO-SIX, WIND ZERO-EIGHT-ZERO AT TEN, ALTIMETER TWO-NINER-
EIGHT-FIFE, TAXI VIA ALFA…CONTACT TOWER ONE-ONEEIGHT-DECIMAL-FIVE HOLDING SHORT

113
Q

Runway Identification

A

Identify a runway by saying the word RUNWAY followed by the number using
separate digits and, in the case of parallel runways, the word LEFT or RIGHT

114
Q

ATIS Exemptions

A

: Except during rapidly changing conditions, you need not issue information included
in the current ATIS broadcast, provided the pilot acknowledges receipt of the broadcast.
Inform pilots of any new and pertinent information that differs from the current
ATIS message.

115
Q

Wind Information

A

Using Direct-Reading Instruments
When a direct-reading instrument is available, issue the local wind direction and speed from that instrument.
Using Other Sources for Wind Information
When you extract wind data from the local METAR, SPECI, or automated
observation, issue:
* Time
* Wind direction and speed
○ When issuing wind data extracted from an automated observation, you need not say AUTOMATED.
When you normally use a direct-reading instrument but it is unserviceable, you must convert the wind
direction that is extracted from the local METAR, SPECI, or automated observation from degrees true to
degrees magnetic.

116
Q

Intersection Departure

A

You may authorize a departure from an intersection, provided either of the
following conditions applies:
* The pilot requests it.
* You inform the pilot of the runway length remaining and suggest a departure from an intersection, and
the pilot accepts it.
RUNWAY LENGTH REMAINING FROM INTERSECTION OF ( taxiway id ) ( number ) FEET. ARE YOU ABLE TO DEPART FROM THE INTERSECTION?

117
Q

Oblique Angle Intersection Departures and Active Runway Access by Aircraft

A

Do not permit aircraft to
use oblique angle intersections (including taxiways or intersecting runways) to access an active runway if
the departure threshold and final approach are not visible to the flight crew, except when:
* There are no other routes to access the runway without having to taxi or backtrack onto an active
runway
* There is a non-routine situation that requires the use of oblique angle intersections because no
practical alternative exists. This may include a MEDEVAC flight, a closed taxiway or a disabled aircraft or
vehicles

118
Q

Communication Transfer:

A

Instruct a pilot to change to or monitor a new frequency as follows
-(CONTACT / MONITOR)(unit id/agency) [ON] (frequency) [NOW/AT(time/location)/OVER (fix)
-CHANGE TO MY FREQUENCY(frequency)
-CHANGE TO ENROUTE FREQUENCY [NOW/AT (time/locations) / OVER (fix)

119
Q

Taxi Departure Clearance:

A

WESTJET THREE-SEVEN, RUNWAY ZERO-SIX, WIND ZERO-EIGHT-ZERO AT TEN, ALTIMETER TWO-NINER-EIGHT-FIFE, TAXI VIA ALFA…CONTACT TOWER ONE-ONEEIGHT-DECIMAL-FIVE HOLDING SHORT

120
Q

Transfer of Control

A

Transfer control of an aircraft between the ground controller and the airport
controller in accordance with locally developed procedures

121
Q

Visual Scanning:

A

Before a departing aircraft begins its take-off roll or a landing aircraft crosses the
runway threshold, ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known obstacles
including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.
-If the runway or a portion of the runway is not visible, ensure that known taxiing aircraft and ground
traffic are not on the runway.
-For an aircraft departing from an intersection, you need not advise of obstructions on the runway that
are behind the intersection take‑off point.

122
Q

Traffic in the RPA

A

If you are unable to ensure that the runway or RPA is or will be free of obstacles
before a departure starts its take-off roll:
* Inform the pilot that a clearance cannot be issued.
* Provide the reason.
* Request the pilot’s intentions.
( aircraft id ), UNABLE TAKE-OFF CLEARANCE ( runway id ), ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE ) INSIDE THE RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ). ADVISE INTENTIONS.
If the pilot chooses to take off, and traffic permits:
* Acknowledge the pilot’s intentions and provide take-off information.
* Notify the airport operator.
* Complete an Aviation Occurrence Report.
( aircraft id ), ROGER [ special and wind information ].

123
Q

Successive Departures

A

For successive departures from the same runway, you may authorize the second
aircraft to take off, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft begins its take-off roll:
* The first aircraft has departed and turned to clear the departure path. (aircraft ① in Figure: Successive
Departures)
* The first aircraft has departed and reached a point on the departure path where it will not conflict with
the second aircraft. (aircraft ② in Figure: Successive Departures)

124
Q

Line Up Instructions:

A

When no delay is anticipated, instruct an aircraft to line up as follows:
LINE UP ( runway id )
If an aircraft is authorized to enter the runway, state the entry point as indicated in
the following table :
AT (taxiway #) LINE UP (runway #)

125
Q

Backtrack

A

If an aircraft is authorized to enter the departure runway from an intersection or taxiway,
state the entry point.
AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) BACKTRACK ( runway id )
AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) LINE UP ( runway id ) BACKTRACK APPROVED.
If an aircraft must backtrack the departure runway from an intersection or taxiway, for a departure from
a different intersection or taxiway, provide instructions as follows:
AT ( taxiway id / intersection ) BACKTRACK ( runway id ) AND LINE UP AT ( taxiway id /
intersection ).
ADVISE WHEN READY.

126
Q

A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System):

A

A surface surveillance system
used for the detection and display of aircraft, aircraft under tow, or a vehicle on or near the manoeuvring
area of an aerodrome. The system must have both non-cooperative (SMR) and co-operative (MLAT,
ADS-B) components allowing automatic identification of target

127
Q

SMGCS (Surface Movement Guidance and Control System)

A

A single-sensor surface surveillance system
used for the detection and display of aircraft, aircraft under tow, or vehicles on or near the manoeuvring
area of an aerodrome. This system relies on the non-cooperative radar surveillance of an aerodrome by a
surface movement radar (SMR). Formerly known as ASDE.

128
Q

Shortened Runway

A

: If the runway has been temporarily shortened due to construction and either end of the runway is closed, include SHORTENED in the line up clearances.
LINE UP ( runway id ) SHORTENED.
The use of SHORTENED is not required when a pilot has accepted an intersection departure, and the part
of the runway that has been shortened is behind the intersection being used for departure.
The use of SHORTENED does not transfer pilot responsibility to the controller.

129
Q

Take-off Clearance Format

A

Issue a take-off clearance in the following form:
( aircraft id ) [ unit id ] ( special information ) ( control instructions ) [ wind information ] [ FROM (
intersection or threshold ) ] CLEARED ( operation ) ( runway id ) [ SHORTENED ]

130
Q

Restricting Altitudes

A

Do not apply altitude restrictions that contravene terrain clearance requirements.
Apply VFR altitude restrictions using either of the following forms:
…NOT ABOVE ( altitude )…
…NOT BELOW ( altitude )

131
Q

Wind Information for Take-off Clearance Format

A

If the wind speed is 15 knots or more, issue the
direction and speed

132
Q

Immediate Takeoff

A

An expression used by ATC to indicate that the pilot is expected to taxi onto the
runway and take off in one continuous movement.
Also called: rolling takeoff

133
Q

Immediate Take-off Clearance

A

When issuing an immediate take-off clearance:
* Consider the aircraft operating characteristics and the effect that precipitation and surface conditions
may have on the pilot’s ability to comply.
* If able, determine if the pilot can comply
ARE YOU ABLE AN IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE?
If pilot is able, then:
CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF ( runway id ).
or:
LINE UP [ location, if not the threshold ], BE READY FOR IMMEDIATE DEPARTURE.
* If you have not determined that the pilot can comply, include alternate instructions.
CLEARED FOR IMMEDIATE TAKEOFF ( runway id ). IF UNABLE, HOLD SHORT ( runway id )

134
Q

Cancelling a Take-off Clearance

A

If circumstances require, cancel a previously issued take-off clearance
and, when appropriate, inform the pilot of the reason.
Clearance cancelled Before roll: (aircraft id), TAKE-OFF CLEARANCE CANCELLED [reason]
Clearance cancelled After roll: (aircraft id), ABORT ABORT, (aircraft id) ABORT ABORT, [reason]
Aborting a Takeoff
Aborting a takeoff is an emergency procedure used when continuing would present
a grave hazard to the aircraft. A controller‑initiated aborted takeoff is an extreme
measure used only where no clear alternative exists

135
Q

ATS Surveillance

A

All methods of remotely sensing aircraft using certified/commissioned electronic
equipment including PSR, SSR, MLAT, ADS-B, without the benefit of visual observation.

136
Q

Situation Display

A

Display and monitor:
* Unlinked targets
* CJSs (Controller Jurisdiction Symbol: Symbol that identifies a sector)
* Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt
detection of newly de-linked aircraft)
Controllers remove flight plans from this list only if the system does not perform this function
automatically.
* Altitude readouts (mode C)
* Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe weather information
* VMI
* Appropriate geographic map
* Other features of the system may be used at your discretion

137
Q

ATS Surveillance advisory

A

Advice and information based on ATS surveillance observations

138
Q

ATS Surveillance Monitoring

A

The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and
advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path
The use of ATS surveillance for providing aircraft with information and
advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path
: Unless specifically prohibited, use ATS surveillance to provide navigation
assistance if a pilot requests it.
If a VFR aircraft outside the control zone or TRA requests navigational assistance, you may identify the
aircraft and provide position information relative to the airport or other location.
( number ) MILES ( direction ) OF ( fix )

139
Q

ATS Surveillance separation

A

Spacing of aircraft in accordance with established minima, based on
information derived from ATS surveillance

140
Q

ATS surveillance control service

A

An air traffic control service provided with information derived from
ATS surveillance equipment sources

141
Q

Transponder

A

A receiver and transmitter that generates a reply signal upon proper interrogation, the
interrogation and reply being on different frequencies. The SSR receivertransmitter installed in an
aircraft

142
Q

Mode C Transponder

A

A type of transponder with altitude-encoding capability.

143
Q

Identification Methods (9 Methods List)

A

Handoff: The process of transferring the identification of an aircraft and radio
communications for that aircraft to another sector or unit
Pont-out/ Point out: The process of transferring the identification of an aircraft to another sector or unit
without transferring communications or control of the aircraft
Altitude Readouts: Validate altitude readouts by comparing the readout value with the altitude reported
by the pilot, at either of the following times:
* On initial contact
* As soon as feasible, if the readout is not displayed or cannot be validated on initial contact
REPORT [ YOUR ] ALTITUDE.
SAY [ YOUR ] ALTITUDE.
CONFIRM [ AT ] ( altitude )
ATS Surveillance Service Termination: If ATS surveillance service cannot be provided or is terminated, inform the pilot.
SURVEILLANCE SERVICE TERMINATED [ instructions to intercept the cleared route ]
UNABLE TO PROVIDE SURVEILLANCE SERVICE ( reason ). SURVEILLANCE SERVICE TERMINATED.
If ATS surveillance service is terminated after an approach clearance is issued, or after the pilot cancels IFR, you do not need to inform the pilot.
Code Assignment: You may assign a non-discrete code to either of the following:
* An aircraft that has canceled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance service
* A VFR aircraft for which ATS surveillance service is being terminated
Communication Transfer: Release the aircraft from tower frequency without specifying another
frequency in any of the following situations:
* A VFR aircraft is leaving the control zone

144
Q

Limiting Service

A

You may limit the number of aircraft to a number that you can control safely and
efficiently by:
* Instructing aircraft to hold on the ground or in the air
* Coordinating with an adjacent unit to manage aircraft entering your area of
responsibility
If workload prevents you from providing control service in Class C or Class D airspace, instruct the pilot of
the VFR aircraft to remain outside the airspace until the service can be provided.
GOLF ALFA BRAVO CHARLIE, DUE TRAFFIC, REMAIN OUTSIDE THE CONTROL ZONE UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED

145
Q

Waypoint:

A

A specified geographical location, defined by longitude and latitude, that is used in
the definition of routes and terminal segments and for progress reporting purposes

146
Q

VFR Waypoint Identification

A

In communications with pilots, identify a VFR waypoint by its full name, not by its identifier

147
Q

Landing Information

A

Issue landing information to arriving aircraft on initial contact or as soon as the
circumstances permit.

148
Q

Control Service

A

Issue clearances and instructions as necessary to maintain a safe, orderly, and
expeditious flow of traffic under the control of your unit.

149
Q

Initial Clearances:

A

An aircraft cleared to the circuit will join on the downwind leg, unless otherwise
Instructed

150
Q

Scanning the Runway and RPA

A

Before a departing aircraft begins its take-off roll or a landing aircraft
crosses the runway threshold, ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known
obstacles including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.

151
Q

Successive Arrivals

A

For successive arrivals on the same runway, you may authorize the second aircraft
to land, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft
crosses the landing threshold:
* The first aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway. (Figure: Arrival Leaves Runway before Second Arrival)
* The first aircraft has landed or is over the landing runway, and the following
conditions apply:
o The first aircraft is at a sufficient distance from the threshold to allow the
second aircraft to safely complete its landing roll.
o The first aircraft will taxi off the runway without stopping or backtracking.
o The pilot of the second aircraft has been advised of the first aircraft’s
position and intentions.

152
Q

Successive Arrivals – Standard 1

A

For successive arrivals on the same runway, you may authorize the
second aircraft to land, provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft crosses the
landing threshold:
* The first aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway

153
Q

Successive Arrivals – Standard 2

A

The first aircraft has landed or is over the landing runway, and the
following conditions apply:
◦ The first aircraft is at a sufficient distance from the threshold to allow the
second aircraft to safely complete its landing roll.[2] (Figure: Arrival Still on Runway before Second Arrival)
◦ The first aircraft will taxi off the runway without stopping or backtracking.
◦ The pilot of the second aircraft has been advised of the first aircraft’s

154
Q

Arrivals before Departures

A

When an aircraft arrives before a departure on the same runway, ensure
that the arriving aircraft has landed and taxied off the runway, or that it will vacate the runway before
the departing aircraft begins its take-off roll.
You may permit an arrival behind a departure on the same
runway provided that,
before the arrival crosses the landing threshold, the
departing aircraft is airborne and meets one of the
following conditions:
* It is at a distance from the threshold such that the arriving aircraft will not overtake it during the
landing roll, or conflict with it in the event of a missed approach.
* It has turned to avoid any conflict with the arriving aircraft in the event of a missed approach.

155
Q

Confirm Intentions with a Pilot of a Departing Aircraft

A

Before issuing a landing clearance to an arriving
aircraft, confirm the intentions with the pilot of a departing aircraft when all of the following apply:
* The departing aircraft is using the same runway as an arriving aircraft.
* A takeoff clearance has been issued to the pilot of the departing aircraft.
* No verbal communications have been received from the pilot of the departing aircraft.
* No movement is observed from the departing aircraft
Unable to Issue Landing Clearance Due to Obstacles: If you are unable to ensure that the runway or RPA is or will be free of obstacles, taxiing aircraft, and ground traffic before an arrival crosses the threshold
* Inform the pilot that a clearance cannot be issued
* Provide the reason
* Request the pilot’s intentions
( aircraft id ), UNABLE LANDING CLEARANCE ( runway id ), ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE )
INSIDE THE RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ). ADVISE INTENTIONS
If the pilot chooses to land, and traffic permits:
* Acknowledge the pilot’s intentions and provide landing information
* Notify the airport operator
* Complete an Aviation Occurrence Report.
( aircraft id ), ROGER [ special instructions ] [ wind information ]

156
Q

Issue a Landing Clearance

A

Without waiting for a request from the pilot, issue a landing clearance when
you are sure that the required runway separation will exist and either of the following conditions applies
* You are satisfied that the aircraft is on approach to the correct runway.
* The aircraft is doing an overhead break, and has not yet turned final.
Landing Clearance Format: Issue a landing clearance in the following form:
( aircraft id ) [ unit id ] ( special information ) ( control instructions ) [ wind information ] CLEARED ( operation ) ( runway id ) [ SHORTENED ]

157
Q

Approving Long Landings

A

To avoid lengthy time on the runway or to avoid a long taxi, a pilot may
request a long landing to touch down closer to their desired runway exit.
Controllers may approve a long landing only if:
* The pilot requested a long landing
* Traffic permits

158
Q

Landing Clearance Format – Wind

A

If the wind speed is 15 knots or more, issue the wind information
when the aircraft is approximately 2 miles from the runway.
If traffic prevents you from giving wind information to individual aircraft, broadcast this information
periodically for the benefit of all aircraft on final approach

159
Q

Crossing a Runway – After Landing Clearance

A

You may authorize taxiing aircraft or ground traffic to
cross the landing runway after a landing clearance has been issued, provided you:[3]
* Ensure that the intended runway and the RPA are free of all known obstacles, including taxiing aircraft
and ground traffic, before the landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold.
* Gain an operational advantage
* Follow instructions found in Coordination Between a Ground Controller and an Airport Controller.
* Consider:
◦ The type and performance of taxiing aircraft, ground traffic, and airborne
traffic
◦ Runway conditions
◦ Other factors that may have an impact on the operation, for example, the
crossing point, the weather or visibility, night operations, and the requested
crossing activity (e.g., towing, runway check)
◦ If the activity warrants the landing aircraft’s attention, advise the incoming
pilot of the location and type of crossing traffic.
(aircraft id) (type of traffic) CROSSING AT (location)

160
Q

Preparing Pilot for Possible Pullup

A

If it appears that an obstruction on or near the runway may cause a
risk and there is time for the situation to resolve prior to the landing aircraft crossing the threshold,
instruct the pilot to continue approach but be prepared for a possible pullup.
CONTINUE APPROACH, POSSIBLE PULLUP

161
Q

Instructing the Pilot to Pull Up

A

If the runway is obstructed and it appears that it will not be clear prior
to the landing aircraft crosses the threshold, even if a landing clearance has already been issued,
instruct the pilot to pull up.
PULL UP AND GO AROUND, ( reason ).
WESTJET FOUR-FIVE-SIX, PULL UP AND GO AROUND, VEHICLE ON THE RUNWAY

162
Q

VFR Aircraft after Pull Up

A

Unless you issue alternate missed approach instructions, pilots of VFR aircraft
are expected to overfly the runway while climbing to traffic pattern altitude and enter the traffic pattern
on the crosswind leg.

163
Q

Cancelling a Landing Clearance

A

If a landing clearance has been issued and you cannot ensure that the
runway and the RPA are free, or will be free, of all known obstacles, including taxiing aircraft and ground
traffic, cancel the clearance.
( aircraft id ), LANDING CLEARANCE CANCELLED, ( AIRCRAFT / VEHICLE ) INSIDE THE
RUNWAY PROTECTED AREA AT ( location ), ADVISE INTENTIONS

164
Q

Vacating the Runway

A

Issue instructions for an aircraft to exit the runway in the following form:
(aircraft id) [unit id) (movement instructions) ( communication instructions)

165
Q

VMC (Visual Meteorological Conditions):

A

Canada: Meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility and distance from cloud, equal to or
greater than the minima specified in CAR 602
* ICAO and US: Meteorological conditions, expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and
ceiling, equal to or better than the minim

166
Q

Visual Seperation

A

A means used by controllers to separate aircraft operating in visual meteorological
conditions
* VFR: The controller, having determined that a potential conflict exists, issues clearances, instructions
and/or information as necessary to aid aircraft in establishing visual contact with each other or to assist
aircraft in avoiding other aircraft.
* IFR or CVFR: Following a pilot’s report that the traffic is in sight, the controller issues the clearance and
instructs the pilot to provide his or her own separation by manoeuvring the aircraft as necessary to avoid
or follow the traffic

167
Q

Visual Seperation Basics:

A

Aircraft are considered visually separated when one of the following applies:
* You can see the aircraft and no conflict exists.
* At least one pilot reports sighting traffic.
(aircraft id) [sequence] FOLLOW THE (aircraft type)
(aircraft id) PASS BEHIND THE (aircraft type) AND PROCEED ON COURSE
HOTEL NOVEMBER OSCAR, NUMBER TWO. FOLLOW THE CARAVAN

168
Q

Seperation Basics for VFR Aircraft

A

VFR aircraft are considered separated when they have reported over
separate, clearly defined geographical points and their intended routes of flight will notconflict
thereafter

169
Q

Restricted Altitude

A

Do not apply altitude restrictions that contravene terrain clearance requirements.
Apply VFR altitude restrictions using either of the following forms:
…NOT ABOVE ( altitude )…
…NOT BELOW ( altitude )…
Promptly cancel restrictions issued to VFR aircraft, if they are no longer required or visual separation has
been achieved.
( aircraft id ) ALTITUDE RESTRICTION IS CANCELLED MAINTAIN VISUAL SEPARATION FROM ( aircraft type )

170
Q

Initial Clearances

A

When a pilot reports at the limit of the aircraft’s initial clearance, issue a further
clearance as follows:
* Aircraft identification
* Sequence number
* Traffic information Includes information such as position, type, and, if significant, the color of the
aircraft to follow, if not number one on approach.
* Control instructions

171
Q

Initial Clearances – FOLLOW

A

The typical instruction for establishing visual separation in the circuit is
FOLLOW (not ‘following’)
…FOLLOW CESSNA ONE-SEVEN-TWO, ON RIGHT BASE…

NavCanada VFR 2501 yz (1 decks)

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