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NavCanada VFR 2501 yz > Lesson 204 Air Traffic Control > Flashcards

Lesson 204 Air Traffic Control Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What is the TERMINAL OBJECTIVE of Lesson 204?

A

Without references solve conflicts between airport traffic in accordance with this lesson plan.

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3
Q

What are the ENABLING OBJECTIVES of Lesson 204?

A
  1. EO 204.1 Apply a mental model. 2. EO 204.2 Pass traffic. 3. EO 204.3 Apply conflict resolution strategies.
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4
Q

What does MATS stand for as referenced in Lesson 204?

A

MATS stands for Manual of Air Traffic Services.

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5
Q

What is the total training time for Lesson 204?

A

Theory 2 hours Skill 0 hours.

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6
Q

What is the AIM of Lesson 204?

A

You will be able to process information to create an accurate mental picture by using the Plan-Execute-Monitor process.

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7
Q

What is the motivation behind having a good working mental model strategy?

A

It will enable you to safely handle high levels of traffic and ensure an efficient operation.

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8
Q

What are the three components of the mental modeling process?

A

Plan Execute Monitor.

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9
Q

How do air traffic controllers define a mental model?

A

It is both a mental picture and the ongoing process of plan execute monitor to update their mental model.

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10
Q

What are the steps an air traffic controller takes to solve a problem from start to finish?

A
  1. Recognizes the need for a solution: Obtains information Processes information Recognizes problems. 2. Formulates and applies a solution: Recognizes need Considers influential factors Considers applicable rules Applies solution. 3. Monitors for compliance: Verifies aircraft is following instructions. 4. Re-evaluates the changing situation and repeats the process.
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11
Q

What are the eight basic problems identified in circuit management?

A
  1. Problems involving aircraft of similar speed and performance characteristics: Base vs. final Downwind vs. base Crosswind vs. downwind Opposite side base legs. 2. Problems involving aircraft of different speed and performance characteristics: Faster overtaking slower on final approach on base leg on downwind on departure.
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12
Q

What analogy is used to explain how an air traffic controller predicts traffic flow?

A

Entering a freeway from an on-ramp where the driver analyzes the flow of traffic to determine how to merge.

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13
Q

What factors should be considered before applying a solution to a problem in air traffic control?

A
  1. Aircraft performance. 2. Pilot intentions at the runway. 3. Level of traffic. 4. Controller proficiency and pilot proficiency. 5. Personal experience. 6. Operational limitations such as frequency congestion ATS surveillance availability weather terrain environmental considerations and company operating characteristics.
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14
Q

What is the importance of aircraft performance in air traffic control?

A

Knowledge and appreciation of aircraft performance characteristics help determine whether a potential conflict exists.

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15
Q

What are some examples of operational limitations that can affect a controller’s ability to formulate a solution?

A

Frequency congestion ATS surveillance availability weather conditions terrain restrictions and manoeuvring area conditions.

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16
Q

What is the significance of applicable rules in the planning stage of problem-solving?

A

You must choose a solution that satisfies the rules set out in MATS and understanding and applying these rules is a goal of the course.

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17
Q

What is the process that follows after formulating a solution in air traffic control?

A

Executing the plan by issuing clearances and instructions.

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18
Q

Why is it important for a controller to issue a clearance or instruction that the pilot can comply with?

A

To ensure that the aircraft can safely and realistically follow the instructions given considering their capabilities and the situation.

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19
Q

What is key to effective communication between pilots and ATC?

A

Two-way communication is key.

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20
Q

What makes a plan good in the context of ATC and pilot communication?

A

A plan is only as good as the likelihood that it can be followed and adhered to.

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21
Q

What is the standard phraseology requirement for pilots and ATC?

A

Use standard phraseology contained in MATS whenever possible.

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22
Q

Why is standard phraseology important?

A

It minimizes any chance of misunderstanding especially with inexperienced or ESL pilots.

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23
Q

What should be done if phraseology contained in MATS is not understood?

A

Use clear and concise plain language.

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24
Q

When should clearances or instructions be issued?

A

In a timely manner.

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25
Q

What might happen if there is a delay in issuing clearances or instructions?

A

You may lose your mental model and the timing may be off.

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26
Q

Why is it important to issue landing clearances early?

A

So that the pilot can concentrate on other duties and not worry about runway traffic.

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27
Q

What is one critical phase of flight where pilot workload increases?

A

Take-off or landing.

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28
Q

When should ATC refrain from transmitting to pilots?

A

Unless safety is compromised or until pilots have climbed through 500 feet AGL on departure.

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29
Q

What is the expectation for helicopter pilots on final approach?

A

They may be busy controlling the aircraft and cannot respond to transmissions until after landing.

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30
Q

What should be included in a take-off clearance shortly after takeoff?

A

The frequency change.

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31
Q

What does ATC expect from pilots shortly after liftoff regarding landing gear?

A

The pilot should retract the gear shortly after liftoff.

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32
Q

What should pilots do if they have not received a landing clearance?

A

They should pull-up and go around.

33
Q

What is the implication if a controller instructs a pilot to keep the circuit in close?

A

The pilot may not be able to conduct a short landing or use a quick exit point.

34
Q

What does ‘monitoring for compliance’ in ATC mean?

A

Ensuring events unfold in accordance with plans and taking early action to revise or reinforce instructions.

35
Q

What does the Plan-Execute-Monitor mental model help with?

A

It provides a framework to separate aircraft.

36
Q

What is defined as ‘traffic’ according to MATS?

A

Air traffic includes all aircraft in flight or operating on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome.

37
Q

What should be done when passing traffic information?

A

Keep aircraft informed of pertinent airport traffic and provide position information.

38
Q

What are the factors that determine when traffic information should be exchanged?

A

Likelihood of airplanes seeing each other speeds pitch of aircraft visibility workload etc.

39
Q

According to March UOM Ops Directive when must traffic information be passed?

A

If two aircraft will pass within 1 mile and/or 500 feet vertically.

40
Q

What must controllers do if a pilot states they do not see the traffic issued?

A

Inform the pilot when they are clear of traffic.

41
Q

What does CARs 801.02 specify about traffic information in Class C airspace?

A

Traffic information must be given to all aircraft.

42
Q

When should traffic information be provided to pilots in Class D airspace?

A

Traffic information and separation must be provided.

43
Q

What may affect whether a controller gives traffic information?

A

Their workload.

44
Q

What is the ‘nice to know’ traffic referring to?

A

It refers to traffic information that is lower priority when workload is high.

45
Q

What are the sources of traffic information in a surveillance environment?

A

Traffic information may be based on visual observation observation of identified or unidentified targets and reports from pilots or other ATS facilities.

46
Q

What is ATS Surveillance Separation?

A

ATS Surveillance Separation is the use of surveillance equipment to provide separation between aircraft which is a step up from using the equipment only to exchange traffic information.

47
Q

What should you do if a pilot states that no traffic is seen after you have exchanged traffic information and are not providing ATS surveillance separation?

A

You are required to inform the pilot when the traffic is no longer a concern.

48
Q

What is the PDTA format for exchanging traffic information?

A

The PDTA format stands for Position Direction Type and Altitude.

49
Q

What information should be included when issuing traffic information to aircraft?

A
  1. Position of aircraft 2. Direction of flight 3. Type of aircraft or relative speed 4. Altitude of aircraft 5. Reporting point and time 6. Other information.
50
Q

What should be stated if a traffic target is not identified?

A

You must clearly state this for example ‘not identified altitude unverified’.

51
Q

What caution should be taken when using the 12-hour clock method for traffic information?

A

Caution is required in strong wind conditions.

52
Q

What is the responsibility of controllers regarding passing traffic information in Class C and D airspace?

A

Passing traffic is a duty that controllers are required to give in Class C and D airspace.

53
Q

What are the separation methods discussed in the lesson?

A

Separation methods include visual separation altitude separation or geographic separation.

54
Q

What is the purpose of conflict resolution?

A

The purpose of conflict resolution in a VFR environment is to use our tools to help aircraft achieve visual separation with other aircraft.

55
Q

What is the minimum vertical separation required when using altitude to achieve conflict resolution?

A

A minimum of 500 feet vertical separation or more if additional separation is required for wake turbulence.

56
Q

What defines visual separation between aircraft?

A

Aircraft are considered visually separated if the controller can see the aircraft and no conflict exists or if at least one aircraft reports seeing their traffic.

57
Q

What is target resolution in the context of conflict resolution?

A

Target resolution refers to the acceptable distance that we have on our surveillance equipment between two aircraft.

58
Q

What must a controller do if a potential conflict exists between two aircraft?

A

The controller must determine the best course of action which may include passing traffic information to permit aircraft to see each other.

59
Q

What should controllers do if the aircraft do not see each other?

A

The controller would then use other forms of separation such as vertical or geographical separation to resolve the potential conflict.

60
Q

What is required when providing ATS surveillance control service?

A

A wake turbulence separation standard is required and controllers must ensure both aircraft are identified.

61
Q

What should be the controller’s approach when issuing instructions to pilots?

A

It is good practice to not be over-bearing with your instructions and restrictions and to let pilots fly their aircraft.

62
Q

What is the necessity for issuing clearances and instructions in the provision of control service?

A

To maintain a safe orderly and expeditious flow of traffic.

63
Q

What does the term ‘clear of previous traffic’ mean?

A

It indicates that the pilot is now clear of the traffic that was previously reported.

64
Q

What is the role of situational awareness for pilots regarding passing traffic?

A

Passing traffic is important for pilots to help increase their situational awareness and play a role in keeping themselves separated from other traffic.

65
Q

What should a controller do if they deem separation is necessary between VFR aircraft?

A

Take whatever action they consider necessary to separate VFR aircraft from ATS surveillance controlled aircraft at the same altitude and in the same general area.

66
Q

When might a controller not apply conflict resolution?

A

When they are busy and do not have time to exchange traffic information or when they decide not to apply conflict resolution between two VFR aircraft.

67
Q

What is the conclusion of the lesson regarding conflict resolution strategies?

A

Controllers must apply a mental model pass traffic and apply conflict resolution as necessary.

68
Q

What are five places from which information can be obtained?

A
69
Q

If a conflict exists what are three things that can help ensure your plan will work when communicating the plan to the pilot?

A
70
Q

What are some factors that may limit your ability to solve a conflict?

A
71
Q

Define Air Traffic.

A
72
Q

Describe Traffic Information in your own words.

A
73
Q

In what class of airspace are air traffic controllers required to pass traffic information?

A
74
Q

What does PDTA mean?

A
75
Q

Define conflict resolution.

A
76
Q

For an airport controller what is the minimum altitude required in order to consider aircraft vertically separated?

A
77
Q

When are aircraft considered visually separated?

A
78
Q

What does this lesson teach about building good mental models and their evolution through situational awareness?

A
79
Q

How does situational awareness help controllers maintain an accurate mental model of changing traffic situations?

A

NavCanada VFR 2501 yz (8 decks)

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