mathematical skills

Question 1

what are the types of data?

Answer 1

quantitative
qualitative

Question 2

what is a quantitative data?

Answer 2

numerical data

Question 3

what is a strength of quantitative data?

Answer 3

P easy to make statistical comparisons without the risk of biased interpretation
C increases validity as we can accurately measure what was intended

Question 4

what is a weakness of quantitative data?

Answer 4

P numbers do not provide reasons for ‘why’ behaviours have happened
C reduces validity as we are not accurately measuring what was meant to be measured

Question 5

what is qualitative data?

Answer 5

rich and detailed descriptions e.g with words or pictures

Question 6

what is a strength of qualitative data?

Answer 6

P shows the true nature of human behaviour
C increases validity as we can accurately measure what was intended

Question 7

what is a weakness of qualitative data?

Answer 7

P creates an opinion, which then must be interpreted
C reduced validity as we are not accurately measuring what was meant to be measured

Question 8

what are they types of data collection?

Answer 8

primary
secondary

Question 9

what is the difference between primary and secondary data collections?

Answer 9

primary - collected by researcher to use in the current study
secondary - data was collected for another purpose in another study

Question 10

what is a strength of primary data collection?

Answer 10

data collection is designed to fit the aims of the study

Question 11

what are some weakness’ of primary data collection?

Answer 11

• lengthy
• expensive
  e.g recruiting people, plans, carrying out etc.

Question 12

what are some strengths of secondary data collection?

Answer 12

• simpler
• quicker
• cheaper

Question 13

what is a weakness of secondary data collection?

Answer 13

may not fit the exact study and it’s needs

Question 14

what are the levels of data?

Answer 14

nominal
ordinal
interval

Question 15

what is nominal levelled data?

Answer 15

data in separate categories
e.g pets people own…pig, cow and crabs

Question 16

what are strengths of nominal levelled data?

Answer 16

• easy to generate an answer
• large amounts of data collected

Question 17

what are weakness’ of nominal levelled data?

Answer 17

• can only use the mode
• without a linear scale

Question 18

what is ‘ord’ inal levelled data?

Answer 18

data that has some ‘ord’ er to it
e.g order of people running a race…gold, silver and bronze

Question 19

what are the strengths of ordinal levelled data?

Answer 19

• more information than nominal data
• indicates a linear scale

Question 20

what is a weakness of ordinal levelled data?

Answer 20

the gaps between values are not equal = no mean

Question 21

what is interval levelled data?

Answer 21

data that is measured using units of equal intervals
e.g time…10 minutes is twice as long as 5 minutes

Question 22

what are some strengths of interval levelled data?

Answer 22

• scientific
• reliable
• more information
• data is comparable

Question 23

what are some weakness’ of interval levelled data?

Answer 23

• participants can demonstrate a variable
• no baseline if scientific methods are not used

Question 24

what are examples of descriptive statistics?

Answer 24

range
variance
standard deviation

Question 25

how to find the variance?

Answer 25

1. find the mean of a data set
2. each number is subtracted from the mean
3. each number is then squared
4. find the total of the squares
5. have the squares divided by how many numbers are in the data set (-1)

Question 26

how to find the standard deviation?

Answer 26

square root the variance

Question 27

what is a strength of the variance?

Answer 27

produces a precise measure of spread as all data is used

Question 28

what is a weakness of the variance?

Answer 28

may hide some of the characteristics of the data
e.g extreme values

Question 29

what are some strengths of standard deviation?

Answer 29

• a precise measure of spread as all data is used
• produces smaller and more usable numbers than the variance

Question 30

what are some weakness’ of standard deviation?

Answer 30

• harder to calculate than the range
• may hide characteristics such as extreme values

Question 31

the order in to do a bar chart?

Answer 31

1. make a title
2. make a y-axis label
3. make an x-axis label
4. plot the data correctly

Question 32

what data do we use on a histogram?

Answer 32

continuous data, ordinal data

Question 33

what do line graphs show?

Answer 33

the change over time

Question 34

if you were to record 8/20 on a pie chart, what percentage would it be? what degrees would it be?

Answer 34

40%
144°

Question 35

what axis is frequency normally on?

Answer 35

y-axis

Question 36

what shape does normal distribution give?

Answer 36

a symmetrical bell-shape

Question 37

where is the mean, median and mode found on a normal distribution graph?

Answer 37

the mean, median, mode are all at the same point, at the mid-point of the curve

Question 38

give an example of a variable that is shown on a normal distribution graph

Answer 38

height of people in a population

Question 39

what does a normal distribution card show?

Answer 39

the vast majority of the data is around the centre of the graph/curve, very few data points at either end

Question 40

draw a negatively skewed graph

Question 41

draw a positively skewed graph

Question 42

starting from the top of the curve, to down the slope, what order is the mean, median and mode?

Answer 42

the mode
the median
the mean

Question 43

what is left-skewed data?

Answer 43

negatively skewed

Question 44

what is right - skewed data?

Answer 44

positively skewed

Question 45

if an exam was too hard, would it be positively or negatively skewed?

Answer 45

positive