correlations Flashcards
what type of data are correlations used for?
quantitative data
what do correlations measure?
if there is a relationship between two (or more) variables, therefore, it involves no manipulation from the researcher
a positive correlation
when one co-variable increases, so does the other
xx
x
x
a negative correlation
when one co-variable increases, the other decreases
x
xx
x
no correlation
when there is no relationship between variables
when is correlational analysis is particularly useful
in research where variable cannot be manipulated for either practical or ethical reasons
correlation does not…
show cause and effect
why does correlation not show cause and effect
because extraneous variables may determine the co-variables
e.g there is almost certainly a high positive correlation between the length of someone’s right arm and the length of their left arm, however, the length of their right arm did not determine the length of their left arm, other factors will e.g their genetics or their diet
what word/words do we use in correlational hypothesis
correlation or relationship
ONLY
what is correlation coefficient
how the the strength of a correlation is measured
how is a correlation coefficient shown
through a statistical value on a scale between +1 and -1
what is a +1 correlation coefficient
a perfect positive correlation
what is a -1 correlation coefficient
a perfect negative correlation
strengths of the correlation coefficient values
1.0 perfect
0.8 strong
0.5 moderate
0.3 weak
0.1 very weak
what correlation did we use?
we did our study on whether there was a correlation between height and self-esteem
