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concept 3 > maternal health packet > Flashcards

maternal health packet Flashcards

1
Q

how long does the menstrual cycle take

A

26-35 days

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2
Q

when is an egg released before menstruation occurs

A

14 days

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3
Q

the shedding of the outer 2/3 of the endometrium with bleeding is called?

A

menstruation

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4
Q

how many phases of menstrual cycle are there?

A

4

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5
Q

site of oxygen, nutrient and waste exchange between the fetal and maternal blood supplies

A

placenta

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6
Q

when is a placenta fully developed

A

14 weeks

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7
Q

what is pinocytosis

A

large bacteria passing through the placental barrier

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8
Q

what is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?

A

hormone that triggers body to make estrogen and progesterone

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9
Q

what is the original source of steroid hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

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10
Q

what are the 3 categories of signs of pregnancy

A

presumptive
probable
positive

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11
Q

amenorrhea is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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12
Q

a pregnancy test is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

probable

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13
Q

auscultation of fetal heart beat is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

positive

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14
Q

nausea/vomiting is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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15
Q

a pregnancy test tests for the presence of what? (reason why athlete steroid users test pregnant)

A

HCG

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16
Q

What is Hegars sign?

A

softening of uterine isthmus

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17
Q

Hegars sign is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

probable

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18
Q

ultrasound imaging of fetal heart motion by week 7 is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy?

A

positive

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19
Q

breast sensitivity and increased size is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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20
Q

what is goodell’s sign

A

cervical softening

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21
Q

goodell’s sign is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

probable

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22
Q

ultrasound confirmation of gestational sac by week 6 is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

positive

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23
Q

fatigue is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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24
Q

palpating fetal contours is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

probable

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25
Q

fetal movements palpated by the provider by week 20 is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

positive

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26
Q

abdominal enlargement is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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27
Q

tightening in your abdomen that come and go are called?

A

braxton hicks contractions

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28
Q

braxton hicks contractions is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

probable

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29
Q

bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and vulva is called

A

chadwicks sign

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30
Q

chadwicks sign is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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31
Q

skin pigmentation changes is considered what kind of sign of pregnancy

A

presumptive

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32
Q

the “before birth” period of pregnancy is called

A

the antepartum period

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33
Q

what does the prefix “ante-“ mean

A

before

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34
Q

when does a woman enter the antepartum period

A

after fertilization (once u nut in her u upped the ante)

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35
Q

changes in uterus during antepartum period

A

gets bigger from fetus enlargement and steroid secretion

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36
Q

changes in cervix during antepartum period

A

chadwicks sign
goodells sign

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37
Q

changes in vagina during antepartum period

A

smooth muscle hypertrophy causes vaginal vault length to increase (pussy vault get big)

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38
Q

changes in breasts during antepartum period

A

increased sensitivity
nipple/areola pigmentation
mammary gland growth
colostrum expressed from nipples at termination of pregnancy

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39
Q

white yellow fluid that comes out at termination of pregnancy

A

colostrum

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40
Q

changes in cardiovascular system during antepartum period

A

increased blood volume
physiological anemia

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41
Q

what causes increased blood volume during the antepartum period

A

increased metabolic demands
sodium and water retention

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42
Q

what causes physiological anemia during the antepartum period

A

dilution of red blood cells in increased plasma volume

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43
Q

changes in respiratory system during antepartum period

A

diaphragm pushed up
increased oxygen demand

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44
Q

why is the diaphragm pushed up during the antepartum period

A

enlarged fetus

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45
Q

changes in basal metabolic rate during antepartum period

A

increased to meet increased demands for energy and oxygen during pregnancy

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46
Q

when will basal metabolic range return to normal

A

days after delivery

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47
Q

changes in renal system during antepartum period

A

urinary frequency
increased glomerular filtration rate

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48
Q

why is there urinary frequency during antepartum

A

fetal pressure on bladder

49
Q

what is nagelle’s rule and what is it used for

A

to determine estimated delivery date

50
Q

how to calculate estimated delivery date

A

1st day of LMP + 7 days - 3 months + 1 year

51
Q

what labs to obtain after performing physical of preg pt

A

rubella
blood type
Rh factor
HIV status
Hepatitis B screen

52
Q

how to obtain HIV status

A

toxoplasma

53
Q

what tests to perform for pregnant pt

A

TB
gonorrhea
chlamydia
pap smear
urinalysis
urine culture

54
Q

what to assess at later prenatal visits

A

blood pressure
fundal height
fetal heartbeat
pt’s sensation of fetal movement and contractions
signs of infection
gestational diabetes

55
Q

what type of diabetes should be checked for at prenatal visits

A

gestational diabetes

56
Q

how many bpm should a fetal heartbeat be

A

120-160 bpm (metro & sizzle bpm)

57
Q

when should one-hour glucose tolerance test be done

A

24-28 weeks

58
Q

when should maternal serum and fetoprotein be done

A

15-18 week s

59
Q

is a woman with a positive Rh factor a concern in pregancy?

60
Q

is both parents are positive for Rh factor is that a concern>

61
Q

if mother is Rh negative and father is Rh positive is that a concern?

A

yes may be incompatible (positive guys cant fw negative girls)

62
Q

why is a rh negative mother and rh postive father a concern

A

may affect future pregnancies (positive guys should only have make a negative girl their bm once)

63
Q

how will rh factor entering mothers circulatory system a concern for future pregnancies?

A

body builds antibodies against rh factor which will attack any future fetal RBC in future pregnancies and cause fatal anemia

64
Q

what prevents development of Rh antibodies in Rh incompatibility and when is it given?

A

RhoGAM (Rh immune globulin) given in 28th week of pregnancy

65
Q

what should be discussed for the post partum period

A

birth control options
Psychosocial support

66
Q

diagnostic test used to diagnose potential geneteic problems in fetus, fetal hemolytic disease and estimate fetal lung maturity,

A

amniocentesis

67
Q

needle inserted through abdomen and uterus into amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for evaluation is called

A

amniocentesis

68
Q

who is amniocentesis indicated for

A

women over 35
familial hx of diseases
pt/spouse w chromosomal abnormality

69
Q

how is fetal lung maturity determined in amniocentisis

A

lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio determined after amniotic fluid is aspirated

70
Q

normal L/S ratio

71
Q

high frequency sound waves that resonate between ultrasound wand to fetus is called

A

ultrasonography

72
Q

used to confirm fetal viability, gestational age/growth, fetal anatomy and placental location

A

ultrasonography

73
Q

is being under what age a risk factor for complications

74
Q

parity of what is a risk for pregnant complications

A

5 or more (multiparity)

75
Q

risk factors for pregnancy complications

A

under 17 y/o
AIDS
diabetes
drug abuse
nullipara over age 35
parity of 5 or more
T.O.R.C.H. infections
previous hemorrhage
heart disease
history of premature labor
hypertension
malnutrition
rh negative
sickle cell
thyroid disease
massive obesity

76
Q

what are T.O.R.C.H infections

A

Toxoplasmosis
Others (syphilis, hepatitis B)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex

77
Q

risk factors that can be discovered during antepartum

A

abnormal fetoprotein values
anemia
elevated glucose levels
perinatal infection
preeclampsia/eclampsia
premature labor
Rh immunization problems
TORCH infections

78
Q

placenta development within lower uterine segment and covers cervix

A

placenta previa

79
Q

risk factors for placenta previa

A

multiparity
older age
previous uterine surgery
hx of placenta previa

80
Q

signs of placenta previa risk factors

A

painless bright red vaginal bleeding (gushing or intermittently)
soft non tender uterus

81
Q

should you perform a vaginal exam on a pt with hx of placenta previa?

82
Q

how should you measure blood loss in pt with hx of placenta previa

A

through perineal pad counts

83
Q

what type of delivery is indicated for pt at risk for placenta previa

84
Q

what should be done with pt at risk for placenta previa

A

hospitalize and put on bed rest

85
Q

premature separation of placenta from implantation site

A

abruptio placentae

86
Q

how will hemorrhage from abruptio placentae be

A

external or concealed

87
Q

how is concealed hemorrhage in abruptio placentae is diagnosed

88
Q

signs of abruptio placentae

A

-dark red blood
-intense, continuous cramping abdominal pain
-uterine tenderness
- absent/slow fetal heart rate

89
Q

how to prevent supine hypotension in abruptio placentae pt

A

bed rest in wedge position

90
Q

termination of pregnancy before viability of fetus is called

91
Q

when is an abortion generally performed

A

before 20 wks gestation

92
Q

involuntary delivery of fetus or miscarriage is called

A

spontaneous abortion

93
Q

voluntary termination of pregnancy is called

A

elective abortion

94
Q

signs of abortion

A

vaginal bleeding
frequent intense contractions
passage of conception products

95
Q

what to do if abortion is threatened?

A

bed rest
pelvic rest
stress reduction
assist with hemostasis
surgical intervention
provide emotional support

96
Q

what is hemostasis

A

stopping bleeding

97
Q

pathological clotting disorder that is diffuse and causes injury rather than protecting coagulation sites is called

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

98
Q

consumption of clothing factors (platelets/fibrinogen) resulting in widespread bleeding

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation

99
Q

signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

spontaneous/uncontrolled bleeding
decreased platelets/fibrinogen
increasing prothrombin time
tachycardia
anxiety
restlessness

100
Q

what to do for spontaneous/uncontrolled bleeding in disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

deliver fetus
remove abrupted placenta
treat preeclampsia

101
Q

what to do if platelets/fibrinogen decrease and prothrombin time increases in D.I.C pt

A

replace blood/blood products
give heparin to prevent clots

102
Q

hypertension in normotensive preg pt without proteinuria is called

A

gestational hypertension

103
Q

when does gestational hypertension resolve

A

by day 10 of postpartum

104
Q

signs of gestational hypertension

A

increased bp
no proteinuria
facial/hand edema

105
Q

acute hypertension in pregnancy with proteinuria is called

A

preeclampsia

106
Q

how is preeclampsia graded

A

from mild to severe

107
Q

onset of preeclampsia

A

after week 20

108
Q

signs of preeclampsia

A

increased bp
proteinuria
sudden weight gain
transient headache

109
Q

signs of severe preeclampsia

A

oliguria
visual disturbances
abdominal pain
hyperreflexia
epigastric pain

110
Q

seizures in preeclamptic women is called

111
Q

signs of eclampsia

A

increased bp
severe putting edema
oliguria
visual disturbances
severe abdominal pain
hyperreflexia
change in LOC

112
Q

how many of the four symptoms must be present to diagnose preeclampsia

A

2 out of 4

113
Q

what are the 4 sxs of preeclampsia that 2/4 must be present for diagnosis

A

elevated bp
proteinuria
facial/hand edema
weight gain of more than 4.5/week

114
Q

what position should eclampsia pt be maintained in during bed rest to prevent it

A

left lateral position

115
Q

what kind of environment should pt at risk of eclampsia be kept in

A

quiet environment

116
Q

can a pt at risk of eclampsia have a bunch of visitors

117
Q

what precautions should pt at risk for eclampsia be on

A

seizure precautions

118
Q

when can hcg be detected in urine

concept 3 (17 decks)

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