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concept 3 > kidney worksheet > Flashcards

kidney worksheet Flashcards

1
Q

is pale to deep amber colored urine a normal urine finding?

A

yes

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2
Q

is aromatic urine a normal urine finding?

A

yes

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3
Q

is cloudy urine a normal urine finding?

A

no

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4
Q

is more than 30cc/hr a normal urine finding

A

yes

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5
Q

what diagnostic study is best indicator of kidney filtration function.

A

creatinine clearance test

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6
Q

what does the creatinine clearance test measure?

A

amount of creatinine filtered by glomeruli over a 24 hour period

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7
Q

does cranberry juice help with UTIs?

A

No

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8
Q

what is the bladders holding capacity?

A

300-500 ccs

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9
Q

can a urinalysis detect kidney trauma?

A

yes

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10
Q

nonbacterial inflammation of glomeruli in both kidneys

A

glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

what diseases cause glomerulonephritis

A

staph, strep throat or respiratory infection

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12
Q

will patient with glomerulonephritis urine specific gravity be increased or decreased?

A

increased

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13
Q

what is azotemia

A

elevation of BUN and creatinine levels

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14
Q

what allergy should you check for before intravenous pyelogram

A
  • check for iodine allergy
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15
Q

what to do after intravenous pyelogram

A

-assess for allergic reaction
-encourage fluids
-increase IV fluid rate to flush dye out of system

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16
Q

what should be done to a patient’s IV fluid rate after a intravenous pyelogram

A

increase it

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17
Q

radiological study where contrast is injected intravenously to evaluate function and identify obstructions in kidney, ureter and bladder

A

intravenous pyelogram

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18
Q

study where radioactive isotope is injected in translumbar or femoral catheter & xrays are taken to test renal circulation and identify perfusion insufficiencies

A

renal arteriogram

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19
Q

what allergy should you check for before renal arteriogram

A

iodine allergy

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20
Q

should a pt who got a renal arteriogram maintain bed rest? if so why and for how long?

A

yes for 8 hrs to prevent bleeding and hematoma at cath insertion site

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21
Q

what should you monitor for after renal arteriogram

A

pulses distal to insertion site

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22
Q

lighted scope inserted through urethra to see bladder.

A

cystoscopy

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23
Q

what can a cystoscopy be used for

A

-tumor resection
-bladder biopsy
-stone removal
-bleeding cauterizing
-radium seed implantion

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24
Q

what to assess pt s/p cystoscopy for

A

hematuria
fever

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25
Q

needle inserted into kidney as pt inhales and sample is aspirated is a procedure called?

A

renal biopsy

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26
Q

what to assess before renal biopsy

A

coagulation status (PT/PTT)

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27
Q

should a pt s/p renal biopsy be on bed rest? if so for how long?

A

4 hrs

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28
Q

what should you monitor in pt s/p renal biopsy

A

urine output
bleeding/hematoma at needle insertion site

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29
Q

kidneys, ureters, bladder and renal vessels visualized to evaluate size, position and patency through sound waves passed over abdomen.

A

renal ultrasound

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30
Q

does a renal ultrasound require any preparation. If so what and why?

A

hell nah cause its not painful or invasive

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31
Q

procedure where catheter is inserted via urethra and dye is injected. x-rays are taken while pt voids to visualize bladder and urethra.

A

cystourethrogram

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32
Q

what to check for before cystourethrogram

A

iodine allergy

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33
Q

what to assess for after cystourethrogram

A

hematuria
fever (sign of infection)

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34
Q

bladder spasms are called

A

tenesmus

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35
Q

foul smelling urine is called

A

pyuria

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36
Q

how to wipe to prevent lower uti

A

front to back

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37
Q

what antibiotics are given for utis? [generic names sorry :(]

A

phenazopyridine
trimethopriml sulfanethoxazole
iprofloxacin

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38
Q

what will a pt with pyelonephritis urinalysis be positive for

A

WBC
RBC
casts
bacteria

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39
Q

would you want a patient to drink 8 glasses of water every day

A

no they may need more it depends on the individual

40
Q

would you want a patient to take their antibiotic until their symptoms are relieved

A

no you want them to finish the full course of antibiotics

41
Q

should a patient maintain bed rest until hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension subside?

A

yes

42
Q

what kidney disease does strep throat cause?

A

glomerulonephritis

43
Q

can a urinalysis confirm renal stones?

A

yes

44
Q

can a cystoscopy confirm renal stones?

A

yes

45
Q

can a intravenous pyelogram confirm renal stones?

A

yes

46
Q

can an x-ray confirm renal stones?

A

yes

47
Q

can an ultrasound confirm renal stones?

A

yes

48
Q

should a patient with urinary stones take vitamin D?

A

no

49
Q

should a pt with urinary stones use a diuretic to promote urination? why or why not

A

no because it can cause bladder spasms

50
Q

urinary stones are also called

A

renal calculi

51
Q

what are urinary stones made of

A

calcium
cystine
oxalates
uric acid

52
Q

can hypercalcemia cause renal stones

A

yes

53
Q

can urinary stasis cause urinary stones

A

yes

54
Q

what is urinary stasis

A

urinary retention

55
Q

can alkaline urine be a cause of urinary stones

A

yes

56
Q

can gout cause urinary stones? why or why not

A

yes because of the elevated uric acid lvls

57
Q

renal colic radiating from flank to abdomen, alternating retention, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, diaphoresis, restlessness, low-grade fever, urgency and UTI are signs of what?

A

urinary stones

58
Q

what should you do with urine from pt with urinary stones?

A

strain through gauze to check for stone passage

59
Q

what should be monitored in pt with urinary stones?

A

electrolytes
uric acid
calcium levels

60
Q

what condition would you follow a low purine diet with alkaline ash foods

A

uric acid stones

61
Q

what are examples of alkaline ash foods

A

milk
fruits
rhubarb (vegetable)
vegetables

62
Q

what condition would you follow a reduced dairy diet with acid ash foods?

A

calcium stones (duh)

63
Q

what are examples of acid ash foods

A

meat
whole grains
cranberry juice
prunes

64
Q

removal of stone from renal pelvis through flank incision and urethral catheter and drain are inserted

A

pyelolithotomy

65
Q

endoscope passed through small incision made over kidney to remove calculi or disenigrate it with ultrasonic waves

A

percutaneous lithotripsy

66
Q

kidney removal if extensive damage occured to parenchyma (tissue) and penrose is placed in renal bed

A

nephrectomy

67
Q

what is a penrose

A

soft, flexible rubber tube used to drain surgical site during surgery

68
Q

ureter incision made through abdominal or flank excision to extract a stone.

A

urethrolithostomy

69
Q

kidney prenchyma cut through flank incision to extract stone. nephrostomy tube is placed to divert urine awat from kidney

A

nephrolithotomy

70
Q

pt placed in warm bath as ultrasonic waves crush stone

A

transcutaneous shock wave lithotripsy

71
Q

3 phases of acute renal failure

A

oliguric
diuretic
recovery

72
Q

what can the oliguric phase cause

A

hypercalcemia

73
Q

would you expect peaked T waves on ECG of pt in oliguric phase of acute renal failure

A

yes

74
Q

would you expect a high serum pH in a oliguric phase pt

A

yes

75
Q

what kind of meds would be given for acure renal failure

A

anti-infectives
antacids
diuretics
potassium lowering agents
antihypertensives
sodium bicarbonate

76
Q

why would anti-infectives be given to acute renal failure pts

A

to treat the organisms

77
Q

why would diuretics be given to acute renal failure pt

A

to treat fluid overload

78
Q

why would antacids be given to acute renal failure pt

A

to bind with phosphates

79
Q

why would sodium bicarbonates be given to acute renal failure pt

A

to treat acidosis

80
Q

what is filtered through membrane in dialysis

A

urea
creatinine
sodium
potassium

81
Q

would you give a pt an antibiotic before dialysis? why or why not?

A

no because it can get filtered out

82
Q

why would you give a dialysis pt aluminum hydroxide?

A

for phosphate loss

83
Q

what kind of drug is aluminum hydroxide?

A

phosphate binder

84
Q

why would you give a dialysis pt fosrenol?

A

for phosphate loss

85
Q

what kind of drug is fosrenol?

A

phosphate binder

86
Q

what are the 3 types of peritoneal dialysis

A

intermittent manual
intermittent automatic
intermittent ambulatory

87
Q

what kind of dialysis uses the petitioneum as a membrane to filter blood?

A

peritoneal dialysis

88
Q

does peritoneal dialysis have to be done only in the hospital?

A

no it can be done at home

89
Q

what are the 2 types of dialysis

A

hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis

90
Q

how often is hemodialysis done

A

3x/week

91
Q

how often is peritoneal dialysis done?

A

multiple times a day

92
Q

what kind of dialysis does pt have a bag connected and it is done all day?

A

peritoneal dialysis

93
Q

what should you do and have pt do before dialysis (especially peritoneal dialysis pts)

A

obtain weight
have them void

94
Q

how long does a dialysis session last

A

4 hrs

95
Q

which type of dialysis is most effective

A

hemodialysis

96
Q

can a pt with peritoneal dialysis walk and do activities during dialysis?

A

yes

97
Q

what is there an increased risk of in personal dialysis pts

A

infection

concept 3 (17 decks)

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