kidney worksheet Flashcards
is pale to deep amber colored urine a normal urine finding?
yes
is aromatic urine a normal urine finding?
yes
is cloudy urine a normal urine finding?
no
is more than 30cc/hr a normal urine finding
yes
what diagnostic study is best indicator of kidney filtration function.
creatinine clearance test
what does the creatinine clearance test measure?
amount of creatinine filtered by glomeruli over a 24 hour period
does cranberry juice help with UTIs?
No
what is the bladders holding capacity?
300-500 ccs
can a urinalysis detect kidney trauma?
yes
nonbacterial inflammation of glomeruli in both kidneys
glomerulonephritis
what diseases cause glomerulonephritis
staph, strep throat or respiratory infection
will patient with glomerulonephritis urine specific gravity be increased or decreased?
increased
what is azotemia
elevation of BUN and creatinine levels
what allergy should you check for before intravenous pyelogram
- check for iodine allergy
what to do after intravenous pyelogram
-assess for allergic reaction
-encourage fluids
-increase IV fluid rate to flush dye out of system
what should be done to a patient’s IV fluid rate after a intravenous pyelogram
increase it
radiological study where contrast is injected intravenously to evaluate function and identify obstructions in kidney, ureter and bladder
intravenous pyelogram
study where radioactive isotope is injected in translumbar or femoral catheter & xrays are taken to test renal circulation and identify perfusion insufficiencies
renal arteriogram
what allergy should you check for before renal arteriogram
iodine allergy
should a pt who got a renal arteriogram maintain bed rest? if so why and for how long?
yes for 8 hrs to prevent bleeding and hematoma at cath insertion site
what should you monitor for after renal arteriogram
pulses distal to insertion site
lighted scope inserted through urethra to see bladder.
cystoscopy
what can a cystoscopy be used for
-tumor resection
-bladder biopsy
-stone removal
-bleeding cauterizing
-radium seed implantion
what to assess pt s/p cystoscopy for
hematuria
fever
needle inserted into kidney as pt inhales and sample is aspirated is a procedure called?
renal biopsy
what to assess before renal biopsy
coagulation status (PT/PTT)
should a pt s/p renal biopsy be on bed rest? if so for how long?
4 hrs
what should you monitor in pt s/p renal biopsy
urine output
bleeding/hematoma at needle insertion site
kidneys, ureters, bladder and renal vessels visualized to evaluate size, position and patency through sound waves passed over abdomen.
renal ultrasound
does a renal ultrasound require any preparation. If so what and why?
hell nah cause its not painful or invasive
procedure where catheter is inserted via urethra and dye is injected. x-rays are taken while pt voids to visualize bladder and urethra.
cystourethrogram
what to check for before cystourethrogram
iodine allergy
what to assess for after cystourethrogram
hematuria
fever (sign of infection)
bladder spasms are called
tenesmus
foul smelling urine is called
pyuria
how to wipe to prevent lower uti
front to back
what antibiotics are given for utis? [generic names sorry :(]
phenazopyridine
trimethopriml sulfanethoxazole
iprofloxacin
what will a pt with pyelonephritis urinalysis be positive for
WBC
RBC
casts
bacteria
would you want a patient to drink 8 glasses of water every day
no they may need more it depends on the individual
would you want a patient to take their antibiotic until their symptoms are relieved
no you want them to finish the full course of antibiotics
should a patient maintain bed rest until hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension subside?
yes
what kidney disease does strep throat cause?
glomerulonephritis
can a urinalysis confirm renal stones?
yes
can a cystoscopy confirm renal stones?
yes
can a intravenous pyelogram confirm renal stones?
yes
can an x-ray confirm renal stones?
yes
can an ultrasound confirm renal stones?
yes
should a patient with urinary stones take vitamin D?
no
should a pt with urinary stones use a diuretic to promote urination? why or why not
no because it can cause bladder spasms
urinary stones are also called
renal calculi
what are urinary stones made of
calcium
cystine
oxalates
uric acid
can hypercalcemia cause renal stones
yes
can urinary stasis cause urinary stones
yes
what is urinary stasis
urinary retention
can alkaline urine be a cause of urinary stones
yes
can gout cause urinary stones? why or why not
yes because of the elevated uric acid lvls
renal colic radiating from flank to abdomen, alternating retention, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, diaphoresis, restlessness, low-grade fever, urgency and UTI are signs of what?
urinary stones
what should you do with urine from pt with urinary stones?
strain through gauze to check for stone passage
what should be monitored in pt with urinary stones?
electrolytes
uric acid
calcium levels
what condition would you follow a low purine diet with alkaline ash foods
uric acid stones
what are examples of alkaline ash foods
milk
fruits
rhubarb (vegetable)
vegetables
what condition would you follow a reduced dairy diet with acid ash foods?
calcium stones (duh)
what are examples of acid ash foods
meat
whole grains
cranberry juice
prunes
removal of stone from renal pelvis through flank incision and urethral catheter and drain are inserted
pyelolithotomy
endoscope passed through small incision made over kidney to remove calculi or disenigrate it with ultrasonic waves
percutaneous lithotripsy
kidney removal if extensive damage occured to parenchyma (tissue) and penrose is placed in renal bed
nephrectomy
what is a penrose
soft, flexible rubber tube used to drain surgical site during surgery
ureter incision made through abdominal or flank excision to extract a stone.
urethrolithostomy
kidney prenchyma cut through flank incision to extract stone. nephrostomy tube is placed to divert urine awat from kidney
nephrolithotomy
pt placed in warm bath as ultrasonic waves crush stone
transcutaneous shock wave lithotripsy
3 phases of acute renal failure
oliguric
diuretic
recovery
what can the oliguric phase cause
hypercalcemia
would you expect peaked T waves on ECG of pt in oliguric phase of acute renal failure
yes
would you expect a high serum pH in a oliguric phase pt
yes
what kind of meds would be given for acure renal failure
anti-infectives
antacids
diuretics
potassium lowering agents
antihypertensives
sodium bicarbonate
why would anti-infectives be given to acute renal failure pts
to treat the organisms
why would diuretics be given to acute renal failure pt
to treat fluid overload
why would antacids be given to acute renal failure pt
to bind with phosphates
why would sodium bicarbonates be given to acute renal failure pt
to treat acidosis
what is filtered through membrane in dialysis
urea
creatinine
sodium
potassium
would you give a pt an antibiotic before dialysis? why or why not?
no because it can get filtered out
why would you give a dialysis pt aluminum hydroxide?
for phosphate loss
what kind of drug is aluminum hydroxide?
phosphate binder
why would you give a dialysis pt fosrenol?
for phosphate loss
what kind of drug is fosrenol?
phosphate binder
what are the 3 types of peritoneal dialysis
intermittent manual
intermittent automatic
intermittent ambulatory
what kind of dialysis uses the petitioneum as a membrane to filter blood?
peritoneal dialysis
does peritoneal dialysis have to be done only in the hospital?
no it can be done at home
what are the 2 types of dialysis
hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
how often is hemodialysis done
3x/week
how often is peritoneal dialysis done?
multiple times a day
what kind of dialysis does pt have a bag connected and it is done all day?
peritoneal dialysis
what should you do and have pt do before dialysis (especially peritoneal dialysis pts)
obtain weight
have them void
how long does a dialysis session last
4 hrs
which type of dialysis is most effective
hemodialysis
can a pt with peritoneal dialysis walk and do activities during dialysis?
yes
what is there an increased risk of in personal dialysis pts
infection
