ati book shit maternal exam 1 Flashcards
when does ovulation occur
14 days before next menstrual cycle
how to calculate fertile period
subtract 11 days from # of days from longest cycle (ex. shortest cycle: 26-18 =8th day
longest cycle: 30-11= 19th day
fertile period= days 8-19
what is basal body temp
temp of body at rest
what happens to basal body temp prior to ovulation
temp slightly drops and rises
how to get basal body temp
take temp immediately after waking before doing ANYTHING
what is considered first fertile day when using basal body temp
first day temp drops or elevates
how many consecutive days of temp changes is fertility extended using basal body temp
3 days
what method should basal body temp be used with for increased effectiveness
calendar method
billings method is
using cervical mucous to determine ovualtion
what happens to cervical mucous following ovulation
becomes thin and flexible from estrogen and progesterone (allows sperm viability and motility)
spinnbarkeit sign is
the ability for mucus to stretch between fingers
when is spinnbarkeit sign greatest
during ovulation
how long does fertile period last using billings method
4 days after last day of thin slippery cervical mucus
what should you educate pt not to do before billings test
douche
do natural skin condoms protect against STI’s?
no because they have small pores
why are polyurethane condoms less effective than latex condoms
easily slip and lose shape
what do condoms not protect against
hpv
hsv
syphilis
contraceptive that is dome shaped cup w flexible rim that fits over cervix
diaphragm
when should diaphragm be replaced
every 2 yrs
when should diaphragm be refitted
EVERY PREGNANCY
after 20% weight fluctuation
abdominal/pelvic surgery
when should diaphragm be placed
up to 6 hrs before sex
how long should diaphragm stay in place after sex
6 hrs after
diaphragm should not stay inside for more than?
24 hrs
what should you do before inserting diaphragm to reduce urethra pressure
pee
what should u do with diaphragm after every use
wash with mild soap and water
hormonal contraceptive that contains estrogen and progestin is called
combined oral contraceptives
how do combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy
thicken cervical mucus to block semen
alter uterine decidua (uterine tissue) to prevent implantation
when should regular menstrual cycles occur w combined oral contraceptive use
last 7 days
when should pt be educated to take combined oral contraceptive if nausea occurs
bedtime
what do oral combined contraceptives increase the risk of
-thromboembolisms
-strokes
-heart attacks
-htn
-gallbladder disease
-liver tumors
what conditions do combined oral contraceptives exacerbate
fluid retention conditions:
-migraine
-epilepsy
-asthma
-kidney/heart disease
what can be used as emergency contraceptive up to 5 days after unprotected sex (not plan b)
copper IUD
transdermal contraceptive patches can have what effect on glucose
impaired glucose tolerance (dm pts)
increases risk of dm
what is medroxyprogesterone
injectable progestin
when is medroxyprogesterone given
im or subq every 11-13 weeks
how long are copper iuds effective
10 years
how long are hormonal iuds effective
3-5 yrs
can irregular spotting occur with medroxyprogesterone
yes
can weight fluctuations occur with medroprogesterone
yes
medroprogesterone pt should increase intake of what
calcium (prevents bone density loss)
what should iud pt check for after menstruation
iud strings
should u refer a pt who had rubella 3 months before preg to genetic counselor
no
what gender is easiest to assess for inferility and will be assessed first by provider
men
what surgery is done for eptopic pregnancy
salpingectomy
can a pt who had salpingectomy still ovulate
yes ovaries werent removed
can an eptopic pregnancy increase the risk for eptopic pregnancies
yes
can a pt w seafood allergy undergo hysterosalpingography?
no because of the dye
what can high lvls of hcg indicate
multifetal pregnancy
eptopic pregnancy
hydatidiform mole pregnancy
genetic abnormality
low hcg lvls can indicate
miscarriage
what meds can affect preg test results
anticonvulsants
diuretics
tranquilizers
what trimester do rapid physical changes occur during preg
2nd trimester
what happens to pulse rate around 32 weeks
increases 10-15/min
how to do nipple stimulated contraction test
pt rubs 1 nipple for 2 mins and stops when they feel a contraction (repeat after 5 min rest period)
how oxytocin stimulated contracted test is done
give iv oxytocin to induce contractions
what is the risk of oxytocin stimuated contraction tests
preterm labor (contractions are hard to stop)
contraindications of oxytocin stimulated contractiont test
placenta previa
multiple gestations
previous c section
how to do non stress test
pt pushes button when they feel contraction and doc watches w doppler & tocotransducer
when can amniocentisis be performed
after 14 weeks
when can alpha fetoprotein be measured from amniotic fluid
15-20 weeks
afp can detect what
neural tube defects
chromosomal disorders
high afp indicates
neural tube defects
low afp indicates
chromosomal disorders (I.e down syndrome)
causes of bleeding during 1st trimester
spontaneous abortion
eptopic pregnancy
causes of bleeding during 2nd trimester
gestational trophoblastic disease
causes of bleeding during 3rd trimester
placenta previa
abruptio placentae
vasa previa
bloody discharge, regular uterine contractions and cervical dilation/effacement indicates
preterm labor
uterine contractions/cervical changes that happen between 20-36 wks and 6 days indicate
preterm labor
