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Maternal Child Nursing (Exam 2) > Maternal & Fetal Nutrion > Flashcards

Maternal & Fetal Nutrion Flashcards

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1
Q

Low birth rate infants are

A

2500 g or less

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2
Q

Folate deficiency is associated with

A

neural tube defects in infants.

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3
Q

When do folate deficiency problems occur

A

First month of gestation

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4
Q

What is folate found in?

A

Found in green leafy vegetables, whole grains, & fruits.

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5
Q

One food that would help to meet prepregnancy demand for folic acid is

A

Turnip greens

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6
Q

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are broken down into

A

age, sex, life-stage categories (infancy, pregnancy, lactation, etc.)

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7
Q

RDA recommends _____ kcal increase over nonpregnant state for 2nd trimester and _____ kcal increase over nonpregnancy for 3rd trimester.

A

340

426

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8
Q

Weight gain recommendations are base on

A
  • based on ht & prepregnancy wt.
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9
Q

Women with inadequate wt gain have risk for _______

A

IUGR infants.

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10
Q

Severely underweight women are more likely for ____ and _____

A

PTL & LBW infants.

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11
Q

Excessive wt gain can be due to:

A

multiple gestation, edema, PIH & overeating.

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12
Q

Obesity in pregnancy also are more likely to have ___ and ______.

A

PIH & gestational diabetes

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13
Q

What is the best for use in determining appropriateness of wt gain.

A

BMI

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14
Q

<18.5 = underweight

A

(Gain 12.5-18kg)

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15
Q

18.5-24.9 = normal

A

(Gain 11.5-16kg)

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16
Q

25.0-29.9 = overweight

A

(Gain 7.0-11.5kg)

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17
Q

> 30.0 = obese

A

(Gain at least 5.0-9.0 kg)

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18
Q

Weight gain - _______ 1st trimester, then _____ for women of normal wt.

A

1-2 kg

0.4 kg/wk

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19
Q

Overweight women - gain______ in 2nd & 3rd trimesters

A

0.3 kg/wk

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20
Q

Underweight women - gain_____ in 2nd & 3rd trimesters.

A

0.5 kg/wk

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21
Q

Excessive wt gain of > ______ could be from fluid - could indicate _____.

A

3 kg/month

PIH

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22
Q

Twin gestations should gain

A

More than single pregnancies

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23
Q

New fetal & maternal tissues are synthesized primarily from _____ intake.

A

protein

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24
Q

good examples of complete proteins are.

A

Milk, meat, egg, cheese

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25
Q

____ are also good sources of proteins.

A

Legumes, whole grains & nuts

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26
Q

Advice against intake of high mercury of fish such as

A

(shark, swordfish, mackerel, tilefish

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27
Q

High protein supplementation isn’t recommended d/t increased association with ____ birth.

A

PT

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28
Q

A good choice for a protein rich food is

A

peanut butter

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29
Q

Water helps prevent against

A

Constipation

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30
Q

Dehydration can cause

A

Cramping, contractions, and PTL

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31
Q

Greater than 200 mg caffeine/day is risk of

A

miscarriage & IUGR infants.

32
Q

All nutrients can adequately be gained from dietary sources except

A

folate & iron.

33
Q

Iron deficiency is most common in?

A

Most common - adolescents, African-American women, women from low socio-economic backgrounds.

34
Q

Iron deficient women –

A

60-120 mg FeSO4/day.

35
Q

Sources of iron are

A

Liver, meats, whole grain breads & cereals, deep green leafy vegetables, legumes, dried fruits.

36
Q

A good source of iron would be

A

Raisin bran crunch cereal

37
Q

Should calcium be increased?

A

No increase - pregnancy recommendations vs. nonpregnancy recommendations.

38
Q

RDI _______ for women 19 years & older, _____ for women < 19 years.

A

1000mg

1300 mg

39
Q

Restriction is only necessary if mother has

A

renal failure, liver failure or HTN.

40
Q

All women should have ____ about of salt

A

-1.5 g/day and 2.3 g/day.

41
Q

Zinc deficiency is associated with malformations of the _______

A

CNS in infants.

42
Q

Diets low in K+ = increased risk of ________ in pregnancy.

A

hypertension

43
Q

Diet including _____ servings of unprocessed fruits and vegetables recommended for potassium.

A

8-10

44
Q

Which vitamin is the least likely to need supplementation?

A

Sodium

45
Q

What vitamins are toxic if ingested in large quantities?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

46
Q

Vitamin ____ - fetus needs sufficient amounts, associated with congenital malformations in excessive amounts.

A

A

47
Q

Vitamin A sources are

A

deep yellow and green vegetables.

48
Q

Vitamin ____ - absorption & metabolism of calcium. Produced in skin by exposure to UV light (sunlight).

A

D

49
Q

Vitamin ____ - protective against preeclampsia.

A

E

50
Q

Sources of vitamin E is

A

nuts and fats

51
Q

Vitamin ____ - aids in blood coagulation and bone metabolism.

A

K

52
Q

Source of vitamin k is

A

green leafy vegetables, margarine, soybeans and lentils

53
Q

What are water-soluble vitamins

A

Folic acid
B6
Vitamin C
B12

54
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Protein metabolism.

55
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A

Enhances absorption of iron. One - 2 servings daily of citrus fruit or fruit juice adequate.
Women who smoke need more.

56
Q

Vitamin B 12 (cobalamin)

A

Aids in formation of RBC’s and neural functioning.

Milk and milk products, eggs, meats and liver are sources.

57
Q

Pica prohibits the action of _____.

A

hemoglobin

58
Q

Adolescent mechanical problems common during birth (CPD) secondary to

A

inadequate pelvic growth vs. stature growth.

59
Q

___ minutes of moderate physical activity/day if no medical or OB complications prevent.

A

30

60
Q

_____ kcal more than nonpregnant intake first 6 months.

A

330

61
Q

At least ______ kcal/day.

A

1800

62
Q

What effect does alcohol consumption have on lactation?

A

Impairs milk ejaculation reflex.

63
Q

What is it crucial to assess?

A

Assess financial status & knowledge of sound dietary practices.

64
Q

Anthropometric measurements (body measurements- primarily ht & wt) give information on

A

short & long term nutritional status.

65
Q

What is the only nutrition related lab test necessary for most pregnant women.

A

H&H

66
Q

What are the 2 screens for anemia

A

Physiologic anemia

True anemia

67
Q

One realistic dietary nursing intervention for a client is

A

Educate her

68
Q

How should diabetics eat during pregnancy?

A

4-6 meals & snacks daily with carb intake evenly distributed, all intake well representative of complex carbs.

69
Q

What helps with iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C

70
Q

Counseling about iron includes

A

Dark green stools are normal

71
Q

Coping with nausea and vomiting teaching includes?

A

Eat small meals frequently
Decreased fried and fatty foods
Avoid brushing teeth immediately after eating

72
Q

Fiber intake should be:

A

28g/day

73
Q

What contains fiber?

A

Whole grains, cereals, pasta, fruits and vegetables with peelings, nuts and legumes.

74
Q

What causes pyrosis

A

Caused by reflux of gastric contents into esophagus.

75
Q

What are interventions for pyrosis?

A

Small, frequent meals.
Don’t consume fluid with meals.
Don’t lie down immediately after meals.
No tight clothing across abdomen.

Maternal Child Nursing (Exam 2) (20 decks)

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