Maternal Diseases Flashcards
Why is the timing of infections so important?
Because it determines severity- earlier in pregnancy is worse
What is TORCH?
Toxoplasmosis
Other transplacental infections (STIs, etc)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes simplex
What is CMV
A very common virus found in large populations that is most dangerous to the fetus when it is a primary infection during pregnancy (no antibodies)
What are some of the features of infection of a fetus? (Name 3)
Hydrops, brain atrophy, calcifications, IUGR, polyhydramnios, microcephaly, splenomegaly, demise, premature delivery
What virus is the “slapped cheek virus”
Parvovirus
What is the most common complication in pregnancy
Urinary tract infections, can cause preterm labour
What type of infection is toxoplasmosis
Parasitic
What is the most common congenital abnormality found in the fetus of a type 1 diabetic mother?
Cardiac
Caudal regression syndrome is a congenital abnormality commonly associated with which maternal disease?
Type 1 diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs at which gestational age?
2nd trimester
What is the risk to the fetus in uncontrolled gestational diabetes?
Macrosomnia
What type of tests need to be done on a fetus with hemolytic disease?
BPP, biometry, peak velocity of the MCA
A mother presents to the fetal assessment unit to have her fetus assessed for immune hydrops, why does she need to do this?
She is Rh- and this is her second Rh+ fetus
High blood pressure is defined as
140/90
What are the 4 clinical presentations of pre eclampsia
-high BP
-proteinuria
-edema
-rapid weight gain
What infection is typically transmitted later in the pregnancy?
Parasitic
What does ventriculomegaly indicate?
Brain atrophy
When is the gestational diabetes screen performed?
26 weeks (24-28 weeks)
Which type of diabetes is more concerning for organogenesis?
Type 1 diabetes
What is another name for caudal regression syndrome?
Mermaid syndrome
When a mother has hypertension in pregnancy what would low diastolic flow in umbilical artery indicate?
High resistance in the placenta
What is chronic or essential hypertension?
Before 20 weeks
What is pre-eclampsia?
Pregnancy induced hypertension
What is HELLP syndrome?
A severe variant of pre-eclampsia
What does HELLP stand for?
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets
What does hypertension result in?
Impaired circulation to the placenta:
-IUGR
-preterm labour
-placental abruption
-oligohydramnios
-placental infarcts
-fetal demise
What are the doppler findings in hypertension?
High resistance in the umbilical artery
Low resistance in the MCA
Reversal during atrial contraction in the ductus venosus
What is eclampsia?
Most severe form and can cause seizures and death
