Maternal Diseases

Question 1

Why is the timing of infections so important?

Answer 1

Because it determines severity- earlier in pregnancy is worse

Question 2

What is TORCH?

Answer 2

Toxoplasmosis
Other transplacental infections (STIs, etc)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes simplex

Question 3

What is CMV

Answer 3

A very common virus found in large populations that is most dangerous to the fetus when it is a primary infection during pregnancy (no antibodies)

Question 4

What are some of the features of infection of a fetus? (Name 3)

Answer 4

Hydrops, brain atrophy, calcifications, IUGR, polyhydramnios, microcephaly, splenomegaly, demise, premature delivery

Question 5

What virus is the “slapped cheek virus”

Answer 5

Parvovirus

Question 6

What is the most common complication in pregnancy

Answer 6

Urinary tract infections, can cause preterm labour

Question 7

What type of infection is toxoplasmosis

Answer 7

Parasitic

Question 8

What is the most common congenital abnormality found in the fetus of a type 1 diabetic mother?

Answer 8

Cardiac

Question 9

Caudal regression syndrome is a congenital abnormality commonly associated with which maternal disease?

Answer 9

Type 1 diabetes

Question 10

Gestational diabetes occurs at which gestational age?

Answer 10

2nd trimester

Question 11

What is the risk to the fetus in uncontrolled gestational diabetes?

Answer 11

Macrosomnia

Question 12

What type of tests need to be done on a fetus with hemolytic disease?

Answer 12

BPP, biometry, peak velocity of the MCA

Question 13

A mother presents to the fetal assessment unit to have her fetus assessed for immune hydrops, why does she need to do this?

Answer 13

She is Rh- and this is her second Rh+ fetus

Question 14

High blood pressure is defined as

Answer 14

140/90

Question 15

What are the 4 clinical presentations of pre eclampsia

Answer 15

-high BP
-proteinuria
-edema
-rapid weight gain

Question 16

What infection is typically transmitted later in the pregnancy?

Answer 16

Parasitic

Question 17

What does ventriculomegaly indicate?

Answer 17

Brain atrophy

Question 18

When is the gestational diabetes screen performed?

Answer 18

26 weeks (24-28 weeks)

Question 19

Which type of diabetes is more concerning for organogenesis?

Answer 19

Type 1 diabetes

Question 20

What is another name for caudal regression syndrome?

Answer 20

Mermaid syndrome

Question 21

When a mother has hypertension in pregnancy what would low diastolic flow in umbilical artery indicate?

Answer 21

High resistance in the placenta

Question 22

What is chronic or essential hypertension?

Answer 22

Before 20 weeks

Question 23

What is pre-eclampsia?

Answer 23

Pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 24

What is HELLP syndrome?

Answer 24

A severe variant of pre-eclampsia

Question 25

What does HELLP stand for?

Answer 25

Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets

Question 26

What does hypertension result in?

Answer 26

Impaired circulation to the placenta:
-IUGR
-preterm labour
-placental abruption
-oligohydramnios
-placental infarcts
-fetal demise

Question 27

What are the doppler findings in hypertension?

Answer 27

High resistance in the umbilical artery
Low resistance in the MCA
Reversal during atrial contraction in the ductus venosus

Question 28

What is eclampsia?

Answer 28

Most severe form and can cause seizures and death