Maternal Adaptations To Pregancy Flashcards
Why are there adaptations in the mother to pregancy?
To meet the demands that include support of the fetus, the protections of the fetus, the preparation of the uterus for labour and the protection of the mother form cardiovascular injury at delivery
What happens to cardiac output in pregancy?
Increase by 40%
What happens to stroke volume in the preganyc?
Increases by 35%
What happens to heart rate in pregancy?
Increases by 15%
What happens to systemic vascular resistance during preganyc?
Decreases by 25-30%.
What happens to blood pressure during pregancy?
In T1 and T2 the progesterone effects on the SV causes hypotension, where as in T3 aortocaval compression by a gravid uterus reduces ther return to the heart and blood pressure returns to normal
What happens in preeclamspia?
A normal pregancy is vasodilated and plams expanded, whereas a preeclamptic pregnancy is vasconstricted and plasma constricted
What happens to the RPF during pregancy?
Increases by 60-80%
What happens to the GFR in pregancy?
Increases by 55%
What happens to creatinine clearance during pregancy?
Increases, by 40-50%
What happens to protein excertion during pregancy?
Increases
What happnes to urea during pregancy?
Decreases
What happens to uric acid during pregancy?
Decreases
What happens to bicarbonate during preganyc?
Decreases
What happens to cretianine during pregancy>
Decreases
Why do you get uranary statsis during pregancy?
Protestion effect on the urianry collection system, there is. Ahyrdoureter due to the realxation of smooth muscle, and this can cause hydroneprhosis and there is also obstruction due ot a gravid uterus
What are some of the antaomical changes that happen to the respiratory system during pregancy?
The diaphragm is displaced upwards as pregnancy proccesses, AP and the transverse diameters of the thorax increase
What is physiolical hyperventiliation?
Increase metabolic CO2 production, increased respiratory drive due to the affect of progesterone, resulting respiratory alkalosis, that is compensated by increased renal bicarbonate excretion
What happens to O2 consumption during pregancy?
Increases by 20%
What happens to resting minute ventiliation during pregancy?
Increases
What happens to tidal volume during pregancy?
Increases
What happnes to functional residual capacity during pregancy?
Decreases
What happens to PaO2 during pregnacy?
Increases
What happens to PaCO2 during pregancy?
Decreases
What happens to carbohydrate metabolism during pregancy?
Pregnancy increases peripheral insulin resistance, and switch to gluconeogenesis and alternative fuels that is achieved by human placental lactogen
What happens to lipid metabolism during pregancy?
Increased in lipolusis from T2, whereas there is an increase in the number of fat stores in T1 under progesterone, and there is a increase in plasma free fatty acids on fasting, and these provide the substate for materaanl metabolism and leave gluocose for fetus
What happens to thyroid metabolism during pregancy?
Throyid binding globulin production increased, T3 and T4 increaseed, and HcG has a direct effect on thryoid stimulating and thyroid homrone production
What are the antomical changes in the GI system during pregancy?
Alterations in the dispostion of the viscera, for example the appendix moves into RUQ
What are some of the physioloigcal changes in the GI system in pregancy?
Smooth muscle relaxation occurs under action of progesterone and causes delayed emptying and nsuae, and there is also bilar tract stasis due to the biochemical changes in gall stone formation
What are the changes that occur in the heamtological system during pregancy?
Pregnancy is a prothrmobotic state, and there is increased fibrin deposition nd the implantation site, there is increase dfiborgen and clotting factors, and reduced fibrinolysis
How does anaemia occur with pregnacy?
The plasma volume increases, and the red cell mass increases but not as much- and can also occur due to a folate and Fe- deficiency
What happens to the immune system during pregancy?
The fetus is an allograft, and there is non specific suppression of the immune system at the materno-fetal interface, and there is also transfer of antibodies that can resullt in hameolytic disease
