Infections Of The Genital Tract Flashcards
What is the definiation of a sexually transmitted infection?
Includes both symptomatic and symptomatic case, sexual activity is the principle mode of transmission
What is the definition of a sexullary transmitted disease?
Is symptomac cases of the infection only
Who are the specific at risk groups for STIs?
Young people, certain ethic groups, low socioecomonic status groups, specific aspects of sexual behcanviour including the age at first intercourse, the number of partners, and the sexual orientation and unsafe sexual activity
What are some of the reasons for the increased incidence of STIs?
Increased transmission, including changing sexual and social behaviour and the increased density and mobility of populations, increased GUM attendance, greater public, medical and national awareness, and improved diagnostic methods including screening programs
What are some of the STIs that cause gential skin and mucous membrane lesions?
Gential ulcers from HSV (and vesicles of bullae)
What are some of the STIs that cause urethiris?
Gnoccclol ingections
What are some of the STIs that cause cervicitis?
Vulvo-vaginatlis- candiaisa, rihcomonals, staphyloccosa,
Cervicitid- c trochomonals or n ghorrneha
What are the two main types of HPV?
HPV 6 and 11 cause causes cutanous, mucossal and gential wart
HPV16 and HPV 18 are the high risk oncogenic types
How would you diangose HPV?
Clincal, bioposy adn genome anaylsis hybrid capture
What is the treatment for HPV?
None- will spontaneously resolve
Topical pophyllin, cryotheapry, intraleison interferons, and imiquimod surgery
What is the causative organism of chalmyadia?
Chalmyadia trachomoatis
What are the features of a chalmydia infection in females?
Infection is commonly asymptomatic, however can progress to pelvic inflammatory disease which can give some worse consequences
What are some of the features of chalymadia infections in males?
Relatively asymptomatic and of low morbidity, a major risk is that of transmission to a female, and the infection in males usually presents as urethritis
What can happen if chaaymida infects a neonate?
Transmitted cervially from the female and can cause conjuctivitis but untreated can progress to pneumonia
How would you diangose chalymadia?
A urethral swab in males or a endocervical swab in females, or first catch urine- which is less senstive but more easily accessible
How would you treat chalmaydia?
Doxycylicine or asithromycin, or erthoymycin in neonates
What are some of the features of a primary herpes simplex infection?
Can be asymptomatic, but extensive painful genital ulceration, dysuria, inginual lumpadenopathy and fever and will generally last 2-3 weeks
Which of the herpes simplex virsuses affects the gentialia?
HSV2
How does herpes simplex become latent?
Sets up infection in the dorsal root ganglia
How would you diangose HSV?
PCr of the vesicle fluid and the ulcer base
How do you treat HSV?
Aciclavar (an antivrial) from primary and severe disease, and to prevent frequent recurrances
What is the features of the bacteria neissera gnorhhea?
Is a gram negative diplocccoi- that can only be grown on enhriched media
What are the features of niessera gnorrhea infection in female patients?
Infects the cervix and utrha, may lead to an acute cercicitis with vaginal dischargee and an urethral syndrome where the urethra is infection, can result in chronci pain, PID inferitlit and ecptopic pregancy
What are the features of a neissera ghorhhea infection in male paitents?
Can have complications such as epidiymitis and dissemnated gonococcal infections
How is neisera ghorrhea diagnosed?
In females an endocervical swab, a urethral swab and a rectal and pharyngeal wab and in males a urehtral pahryngeal and rectal swabs
How would you treat neissera gnorheea?
Cefrixtone as developing resistance to many other agents, and also may treat for chalmyadia concomitanty
What is the casuative organism of syphillis?
Treponema pallidum spirocheate
In whom do you get most cases of syphillis?
Most cases are in men and MSM
What are the features of primary syphillis?
A indudate painless lesion called a chancere- is painless and lasts 1-2 months
What are some of the features of secondary syphillis?
6-8 weeks later is a disseminated form of condition and populates the dermis throughout the popul, causes systemic fever, myalgia, sore throat and headache being common
What are some of the features of teritary syphyllis?
Usually appears one year ater the disemmanated stage, can involve multiple organs including the cardiovascular and nervous system, and about half of the paitents will die at this stage
How do you diangose syphyllis?
Using serology, there will be initla screening with eia anibtody test and there specific tests suhc as RPR titire using a cross reacting antigen, TP partilce agguslation
How would you treat syphyllis?
Penecillin and a test of cure follow up
What are some of the potnetial causes of inguinal lymphadenopathy? The
C.Trachoma- rapily helaing paulape that an inguinal bulbo
Chrancoid- painful gential ulcers
What are some of the features of a trichomonas vaginalis infection?
Thin frothy offesnive discharge with irration dysuria and vaginal inflammation
How would you diagnose trichomonas vaginalis?
Vaginal wet prepartion and culture
How would you treat trichmonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole
What organisms can cuase vulvoaginal candiis?
Candia albicans and other candida species
What are some of the risk factors for vuvlovaginal candiaisis?
Antiboitoics, oral contraceptives, pregancy, obesity, steriods, diabtetics
What are some of the features of vavulovaginal candidasis?
Profuse, white, itchy, curd like dischardge
How would you diangose vulvovaginal candisis?
High vaginal smear
What are some of the treatment for vulvovaginal candiasis?
Topical azols, or nystatin or oral fluoconazole
What are some of the features of bacterial vaginosis?
Pertubed normal flora such as gardenaells, and scanty but offensive dishy discahrdge
How would you diagnose bacterial vaginosis?
Vaginal pH>5, KOH whiff test, and labotry dinaogis HVS gram stained smear
How would you treat bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
