Maternal abnormalities registry review

Question 1

TORCH

Answer 1

Group of infections that cross the placenta causing damage to fetus
-Toxoplasmosis
-Other infections
-Rubella
-Cytomegalovirus
-Herpes simplex

Question 2

Sonographic appearance of TORCH

Answer 2

Calcifications

Question 3

Thyroid dysfunction (graves/hashimotos)

Answer 3

Check for goiter on fetus

Question 4

Supine hypovolemic syndrome

Answer 4

Gravid uterus compresses IVC lowering blood pressure and causing patient to feel dizzy, sweaty, and nauseous
*turn patient on left side

Question 5

Preeclampsia

Answer 5

Presence of pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria. Mother experiences edema in hands, feet, and legs
-may result in placental issues
*DOPPLER uterine artery/umbilical artery

Question 6

Eclampsia

Answer 6

Long standing, uncontrolled preeclampsia causing headaches and seizures
*DOPPLER uterine artery/umbilical artery

Question 7

Increased risk for preeclampsia/eclampsia

Answer 7

HX of preeclampsia, diabetes, GTD

Question 8

HELLP

Answer 8

Life threatening complication requiring delivery
-Hemolysis
-Elevated liver enzymes
-Low platelets

Question 9

Pregestational diabetes mellitus type one or two

Answer 9

Higher risk of maternal complications of miscarriage and toxemia. Increased risk of fetal congenital anomalies of heart, skeletal, syndromes ect.

Question 10

Gestational diabetes

Answer 10

Most common type of diabetes with pregnancy, resolves after birth
-Major risk of macrosomia
-Associated with placentomegaly, polyhydramnios
-NO fetal defects associated
-Larger for dates: EFW >90th %

Question 11

Macrosomia

Answer 11

Neonate weight > 4500g aka 9.9 lbs

Question 12

Incompetent cervix

Answer 12

-Painless premature dilation of cx
-Measure only closed portion of cx

Question 13

Normal cervix length

Answer 13

3cm internal os to external os
*be wary of overextended bladder/uterine contraction TV=BEST measurement

Question 14

Treatment for incompetent cervix

Answer 14

MacDonald and Shirokdar cerclage

Question 15

Pre-term labor

Answer 15

Onset labor before 37 weeks

Question 16

PROM

Answer 16

Premature rupture of membranes prior to onset of labor, oligohydramnios

Question 17

Postpartum uterus

Answer 17

Returns to non gravid size 6-8weeks after delivery

Question 18

Retained products of conception (RPOC)

Answer 18

Parts of placenta may be left behind, complication of post partum vaginal bleeding

Question 19

Sonographic appearance of RPOC

Answer 19

Echogenic, intracavitary mass within endo or thickened irregular endo

Question 20

Bladder flap hematoma

Answer 20

Complex mass adjacent to scar between LUS and posterior bladder wall (ant CDS)
-Results from c-section

Question 21

Infection

Answer 21

Fever, increased WBC/leukocytosis, tenderness. Associated with poor nutrition and hygiene, anemia, c section, prolonged labor

Question 22

Abscess

Answer 22

Complex fluid collection
*only sonographic sign of infection