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OBGYN > Fetal brain pathology registry review > Flashcards

Fetal brain pathology registry review Flashcards

1
Q

Ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus

A

Enlargement of the ventricles

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2
Q

Most common brain abnormality

A

Ventriculomegaly

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3
Q

Ventriculomegaly due to obstruction

A

Hydrocephaly

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4
Q

Criteria for ventriculomegaly

A

Lateral ventricle >10mm at atrium and “dangling choroid” sign
*severe cases look for rim of cerebral tissue

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5
Q

Aqueductal stenosis

A

Narrowing of cerebral aqueduct causing dilation of 3rd and lateral ventricle

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6
Q

Most common cause of hydrocephalus

A

Aqueductal stenosis

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7
Q

Criteria for aqueductal stenosis

A

Ventriculomegaly + dilated 3rd ventricle (circle in midline)

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8
Q

Hydranencephaly

A

Cerebral tissue is replaced by fluid. No cerebral hemispheres only brain stem/basal ganglia present (fluid, no brain)
*no rim of cerebral tissue seen within cranium

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9
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Varying degrees (3) of absence of midline and fusion of non midline brain structures starting anteriorly
*associated with midline facial defects
*strong associated with T13 (Patau)

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10
Q

Hydr-

A

Fluid

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11
Q

-Anencephaly

A

No brain

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12
Q

Holo-

A

Whole/complete

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13
Q

-Pro

A

Forebrain

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14
Q

Lobar holoprosencephaly

A

Minimal fusion. Absent CSP/CC, fused frontal horns. Rest intact, “heart shaped” frontal horns

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15
Q

Semilobar holoprosencephaly

A

Partial fusion lateral ventricle and thalami, partial falx, absent CSP/CC
*butterfly shaped LV

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16
Q

Alobar holoprosencephaly

A

Most severe form, NO lobes = no midline separation of hemispheres
-Midline brain structures are absent (CC. CSP, 3rd vent, falx)
-Non midline brain structures are fused
-Horseshoe shaped monoventricle, fused thalami
*FATAL

17
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation

A

Absence or defect of the cerebellar vermis causing 4th ventricle to dilate and cisterna magna to enlarge

18
Q

Associations of dandy-walker malformation

A

Midline brain defects- agenesis of CC, holopros, ventriculomegaly, cephaloceles

19
Q

Criteria for dandy-walker malformation

A

Cisterna magna >10mm, dilated 4th ventricle, splayed cerebellar lobes
*key hole appearance

20
Q

Enlarged cisterna magna

A

> 10mm but no keyhole sign (normal 4th ventricle)

21
Q

Vein of galen aneurysm

A

Connection between an artery and vein, anechoic tubular mass midline brain with turbulent color flow patterns

22
Q

Agenesis of corpus collosum

A

If CSP is absent, CC is likely absent because they develop at the same time and are adjacent structures

23
Q

Anomalies associated with agenesis of corpus collosum

A

Holopros, DWM, T18, T13

24
Q

Criteria for agenesis of corpus collosum

A

Absent CSP, colpocephaly, sunburt/radial pattern sulci

25
Q

Colpocephaly

A

Splayed and teardrop shaped lateral ventricle

26
Q

Choroid plexus cyst

A

Frequently seen on routine sonos. Usually regress by 3rd trimester
*soft marker for T18 (Edwards)

27
Q

Hydrocephaly fluid shape

A

Both sides with rim/dangling choroids

28
Q

Hydranencephaly fluid shape

A

Fluid filled cranium with no rim

29
Q

Alobar holoprosencephaly fluid shape

A

Horseshoe

30
Q

Semilobar holoprosencephaly

A

Butterfly

31
Q

Lobar holoprosencephaly

A

Heart frontal horns

32
Q

Dandy-walker malformation

A

Key-hole

33
Q

Vein of galen

A

Central tube with color

34
Q

Schizencephaly

A

Fluid filled clefts within cerebrum

35
Q

Porencephaly

A

Cyst that communicates with ventricular system caused by hemorrhage, ischemia, vascular occlusion

36
Q

Lissencephaly

A

“Smooth brain” No sulci/gyri within the cortex= agyria. Diagnosed 3rd trimester

37
Q

Teratoma

A

Most common intracranial tumor.

OBGYN (17 decks)

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