MATERNAL 9-25 Flashcards
Major life changes that can affect your sexual
desire include:
-pregnancy
-partner changes (marriage or -divorce)
-physical or psychological disability
menopause
-Major life changes that can affect your sexual
desire include:
work and life imbalance
Common
relationship factors that can impact sexual desire
include
conflict
toxic communication
controlling attitudes
contempt or criticism
defensiveness
breach of trust (infidelity)
lack of emotional connection
spending too little time alone
libido
(sexual desire)
Certain conditions can affect libido (sexual desire). The
most common of these are:
high blood pressure
cancer
coronary heart disease
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
neurological issues
diabetes
arthritis
Women who have had breast or vaginal surgery may
experience ____ , poor body image, and
inhibited sexual desire.
sexual dysfunction
- inability to achieve an
erection of the penis. This can cause HSDD in the
person with the penis, who may feel a failure sexually.
Erectile dysfunction (ED)
Erectile dysfunction isn’t necessarily due to aging.
It can be a sign of medical problems such as:
-diabetes
-heart disease
-clogged blood vessels
-In many HSDD cases, medical conditions aren’t
as influential as each partner’s attitude about
sexual intimacy.
How Is Inhibited Sexual Desire Diagnosed?
-blood tests to check for diabetes, high
cholesterol, thyroid problems, or low
testosterone
-pelvic exam to check for physical changes,
such as vaginal dryness, painful areas, or
thinning of the vaginal walls
-blood pressure check
-tests for heart disease
-prostate gland examination
B. Nursing Diagnoses
Knowledge deficit
Sexual dysfunction
Altered sexual function
Anxiety
Planning and Outcome Identification
The client and her partner will be knowledgeable
about reproduction and sexuality.
The client and her partner will achieve optimal sexual
functioning,
The client’s and her partner’s anxiety will be
alleviated.
producing new life or offspring; the
reproductive potential of a species is its relative
capacity to reproduce itself under optimal conditions;
the reproductive or generative organs, reproductive,
generative; fruitful – productive or conducive to
producing in abundance; “be fruitful and multiply”
having the power to procreate…
Procreative
- action of making a copy of something,
or the production of offspring by sexual intimacy…
Reproduction -
- roots sexuality and childbearing deeply
within with two relations: that of the man and woman,
and that between the couple and GOD (2006)
Procreation
Procreation is the creation of humans. There are two
main theories:
Creation. Evolution
God created the world an all that’s in it, including
humans, and they reproduce thorough sexual intercourse
Creation
Darwin’s theory that humans evolved over the years
through natural occurrences and from the growth and
development of monkeys and other creatures.
Evolution
- creation of a new human person, by the
act of sexual intercourse, by a man and a woman.
Procreation
- making of all things from nothing by an act of
God at some time in the past. God’s action could have
taken a second, or 6 days, or a million years.
Creation
all things came about by the
repeated random actions of natural selection, whereby:|
Life came into existence, and then
Primitive life evolved into more and more complex
organisms, and eventually producing mankind.
Evolutionary theory
With the introduction of ____ to the
marital act, the procreative dimension is purposefully
suppressed and ignored.
artificial birth control
Moreover, we must also consider the possible side
effects of these pills to the health of the woman. In
examining for various oral contraceptives, possible
health complications include,
thrombosis,
cerebrovascular disorders, birth defects and various
forms of cancer (breast, cervical, ovarian and
uterine).
2 Purposes of Pleasure:
To strengthen the couple’s relationship
To give them the ability to share with God in the
creation of another human being
is all those things that go with being male or
female–including physical and emotional differences.
They are all part of being human
Sexuality
- involves genital and erotic activity.
We are all sexual beings, but it isn’t necessary to become
involved in genital sex to be fully human
Sexual intercourse
UNITIVE purpose of our sexuality
Two becoming one
flesh
PRO-CREATIVE purpose
- Increase and multiply
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
mound of fatty tissue over the symphysis pubis that
cushions and protects the bone
Mons Pubis
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
longitudinal folds of pigmented skin extending from the
mons pubis to the perineum
Labia minora
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
soft longitudinal skin folds between the labia majora
Labia minora
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
is is erectile tissue located at the upper end of the
labia minora. It is the primary site of sexual arousal
Clitoris
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
small opening of the urethra; located between the clitoris
and the vaginal orifice for the purpose of urination
Urethral meatus
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
small mucus-secreting glands that open into the
posterior wall of the urinary meatus and lubricate the
vagina
Skene, paraurethral glands
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
almond-shaped area between the labia minora
containing the vaginal introitus, hymen, and Bartholin
glands
Vestibule
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
external opening of the vagina
Vaginal introitus
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
membranous tissue ringing the vaginal introitus
Hymen
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
mucus-secreting glands located on either side of the
vaginal orifice
Bartholin or vulvovaginal glands
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
composed of muscles and fascia that support pelvic
structures
Perineal body
Female Reproductive System: External Structures
area of tissue between the anus and vagina; an
episiotomy is performed here
Perineum
Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures
female organ of copulation and also serves as the birth
canal; tubular musculomembranous organ that lies
between the rectum and the urethra
Vagina
Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures
hollow, muscular organ located between the bladder and rectum, and consists
of the fundus, body (corpus), and cervix
Uterus
Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures
Broad and round ligaments provide upper support for
the uterus
Cardinal, pubocervical, and uterosacral ligaments
are suspensory and provide middle support.
Pelvic muscular floor ligaments provide lower support
Uterine ligaments
Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures
Extend from the upper outer angles of the uterus and end
near the ovary. These tubes serve as the passageway for
the ovum to travel from the ovary to the uterus and
for the sperm to travel from the uterus to the ovary.
Fallopian tubes
Female Reproductive System: Internal Structures
Female sex glands located on each side of the uterus.
Ovaries
Uterus is a hollow, muscular organ with 3 muscle layers
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
Ovaries
Female sex glands located on each side of the uterus.
The two functions of the ovaries are:
Ovulation (release of ovum)
Secretion of hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Female Reproductive System: Pelvis
bony ring in the lower portion of the trunk
Pelvis
Female Reproductive System: Pelvis
held together by four joints (articulations) – symphysis
pubis, two sacroiliac, and sacrococcygeal. Fibrocartilage
between these joints provides movabilit
Pelvic bones
Pelvis
bony ring in the lower portion of the trunk. It consists of:
3 parts
ilium
ischium
pubis
4 bones
two innominate bones or hipbones
sacrum
coccyx
Types of Pelves
- typical female pelvis with a rounded
inlet
Gynecoid
Types of Pelves
- normal male pelvis with a heart-shaped
inlet.
Android
Types of Pelves
- “apelike” pelvis with an oval inlet
Anthropoid -
Types of Pelves
- flat, female-type pelvis with a
transverse oval inlet
Platypelloid
(the process of measuring the internal or
external pelvis) is performed with radiography or by
internal examination
Pelvimetry
Internal pelvic inlet measurements measures the
diagonal conjugate, which is the lower margin of the
symphysis pubis to the promontory of the sacrum; it is
normally ___ cm or more.
11.5
Internal midpelvic measurements measures the
distance between ischial spines and prominence or
bluntness of spines; it is normally ___ cm
10.5
Internal pelvic outlet measurement is an estimation of
the angle of the pubic arch (90 degrees), mobility of
coccyx, intertuberous diameter (___cm), and posterior
sagittal diameter (___ cm)
11 , 7.5
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal)
composed of acini (milk-producing) cells that cluster in
groups of 15 to 20 to form the lobes of the breast
Glandular tissue (parenchyma)
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal)
form passageways from the lobes to the nipple
Lactiferous ducts or sinuses
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (Internal)
provide the lative size and consistency of the breast
Adipose and fibrous tissues (stroma)
(mammary glands)
The female breasts
The female breasts (mammary glands) are specialized
____ that produce milk after childbirth
(lactation).
sebaceous glands
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External)
a raised pigmented area of the breast
Nipple
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External)
pigmented skin around the nipple
Areola
Female Reproductive System: Breasts (External)
Montgomery tubercles
The breasts change in size and nodularity in response to
cyclic ovarian hormonal changes, including:
which produces tenderness
Estrogen stimulation
The breasts change in size and nodularity in response to
cyclic ovarian hormonal changes, including:
which causes increased
tenderness and breast enlargement
Progesterone (postovulation)
Physical changes in breasts size and activity are at a
minimum ___ days after menstruation stops; this is the
best time to detect pathology changes through breast
self-examination.
5 to 7
The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the
following hormones:
contributes to the characteristics of
femaleness (eg. female body build, breast growth).
Estrogen
(onset of menstruation)
Menarche
Menarche (onset of menstruation) typically occurs
between ___ years
10 and 13
The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the
following hormones:
quiets or
decreases the contractility of the uterus.
Progesterone (hormone of pregnancy)
The ovaries produce mature gametes and secrete the
following hormones:
regulate the reproductive process by
stimulating the contractility of uterine and other
smooth muscles.
Prostaglandin
The menstrual cycle occurs on 4 levels:
-central nervous system (CNS; -hypothalamic-pituitary)
-ovarian
-endometrial (menstrual)
-cervical
The hypothalamus stimulates the ____
gland by secreting
anterior pituitary, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH).
The anterior pituitary secretes two
gonadotropins
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
and luteinizing hormone (LH)
prompts the ovary to develop ovarian
follicles; the developing follicles secrete estrogen,
which feels back to the anterior pituitary to
suppress FSH and trigger a surge of LH
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
acts with FSH to cause ovulation and enhance
corpus luteum formation
LH
LH acts with FSH to cause ovulation and enhance _)__
corpus luteum formation
An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2
phases:
: follicular and luteal.
Follicular phase days
(days 1 to 14)
Luteal phase days
(days 15 to 22)
An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2
phases:
- follicle matures due
to FSH
Follicular phase (days 1 to 14)
An oocyte grows within the primordial follicle in 2
phases:
the corpus luteum
develops from a ruptured follicle
Luteal phase (days 15 to 22)
In the menstrual phase (days 1 to 5) the estrogen level
is ___and cervical mucus is___
low , scanty.
Endometrial Response
In the phase _____,
the estrogen level is high, the endometrium and
myometrium thicken, and changes in cervical
mucous occurs. (Note: variations in the menstrual
cycle are due to variations in the number of days
in this phase.) On average, ovulation occurs on
day 14of a 28-day cycle.
proliferative (follicular) phase (days 6 to 14)
Endometrial Response
In the ____ phase , after
release of the ovum, the estrogen level drops, the
progesterone level is high, increased uterine
vascularity occurs, and tissue glycogen levels
increase
secretory phase (days 14 to 26)
Endometrial Response
In the ____, estrogen
and progesterone level recede, arterial vessels
constrict, the endometrium prepares to shed, the
blood vessels rupture, and menstruation begins.
ischemic phase (days 27 to 28)
Before ovulation, estrogen levels rise, causing
cervical os ____ abundant liquid mucus, high
spinnbarkeit, and excellent sperm penetration.
dilation,
After ovulation, progesterone levels rise, resulting
in cervical os _____, scant viscous mucus,
low spinnbarkeit, no ferning, and poor sperm
penetration.
constriction
is a transitional period during
which ovarian function and hormonal
production decline.
The climacteric
refers to a woman’s last
menstrual period;
Menopause
the average age of
menopause is
51.4 years.
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Average age onset, 12.4 years; Average
range, 9-17 years
Beginning (Menarche)
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Average 28 days, cycles of 23-35 days
not unusual
Interval between cycles
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Average flow, 4-6 days, Ranges of 2-9
days not abnormal
Duration of menstrual flow
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Difficult to estimate, average 30-80 mL
per menstrual period, saturating a pad
or tampon in less than I hour as heavy
bleeding
Amount of menstrual flow
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Dark red, a combination of blood, mucus
and endometrial cells
Color of menstrual flow
Menstrual Cycle & Hormones
Similar to marigolds
Odor
Determination of Ovulation
pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen experienced by
some women midway in the intermenstrual interval. It
occurs at or around the time of an egg is released from
the ovaries (ovulation)
Mittelschmerz
Determination of Ovulation
Ability of cervical mucus to stretch into long strands
at the height of estrogen secretion. When
progesterone is the dominant hormone cervical
mucus is thick, viscous state.
Spinnbarkeit
Determination of Ovulation
an interesting property of cervical mucus just before
ovulation when estrogen levels are high is the ability
to form fernlike patterns on a microscope slide when
allowed to dry. When progesterone is the dominant
hormone, just after ovulation, this fern pattern is no
longer discernible
Ferning
Determination of Ovulation
the lowest temperature reached by the body during
one’s waking hours
usually occurs immediately upon wakening in the
morning
The basal temp. drops before the day of ovulation
and rises on the day after ovulation
Basal Body Temperature
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
male organ of copulation; this cylindrical shaft c
Penis
To compute for the exact date of ovulation, count
back ____ days from the first day of menstruation.
14
mucus can be examined at mid cycle to
detect ferning
Fern Test
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
male organ of copulation
Penis
Penis
two lateral columns of erectile tissue
(corpora
cavernosa)
Penis
A column of erectile tissue on the underside of the
penis ____ that encases the urethra
(corpus spongiosum)
Penis
a cone-shaped expansion of the
corpus spongiosum that is highly sensitive to sexual
stimulus
The glans penis
Penis
a skin flap that covers the
glans penis in uncircumcised men
The prepuce, or foreskin
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
pouch hanging below the penis that contains the testes.
Internally, the medial septum divides the scrotum into
two sacs, each of which contains a testicle
Scrotum
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
2 solid ovoid organs 4 to 5 cm long, divided into lobes
containing seminiferous tubules.
Testes
The 2 functions of the
testes are production of
testosterone and
spermatogenesis
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
tubular sac located next to each testis that is a reservoir
for sperm storage and maturation
Epididymis
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
duct extending from the epididymis to the ejaculatory
duct, which provides a passageway for sperm
Vas deferens
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
canal formed by the union of the vas deferens and the
excretory duct of the seminal vesicle. It enters the
urethra at the prostrate gland
Ejaculatory duct
Male Reproductive System: External Structures
passageway for urine and semen that extends from the
bladder to the urethral meatus
Urethra
Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands
located behind the bladder and in front of the rectum
deliver secretions to the urethra through the ejaculatory
ducts
Seminal vesicles
Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands
surrounds the base of the urethra and the ejaculatory
duct, secretes a clear fluid with a slightly acid pH rich in
acid phosphatase, citric acid, zinc, and proteolytic
enzymes
Prostate gland
Male Reproductive System: Accessory Glands
lie at the base of the prostate and on either side of the
membranous urethra. They produce a clear, alkaline
mucinous substance that lubricates the urethra and
coats its surface. The alkalinity assists in neutralizing
acidic female vaginal secretions, which otherwise would
be detrimental to sperm survival.
Bulbourethral & Urethral glands (Cowper’s glands)
thick, whitish fluid ejaculated by the man during
orgasm
Semen
It contains spermatozoa and fructose-rich nutrients.
During ejaculation, semen receives contributions of
fluid from the seminal vesicles and the prostate
gland.
Semen
Semen is ___and the average
amount of semen released during ejaculation is __
alkaline (average pH, 7.5)
2.5 to
3.5 ml.
Male Reproductive System:
Neurohormonal ControL
At puberty, the ___ stimulates the ____ to produce FSH and LH
hypothalamus
pituitary
gland
Male Reproductive System:
Neurohormonal ControL
stimulates germ cells within the testes to
manufacture sperm
FSH
Male Reproductive System:
Neurohormonal ControL
stimulates the production of testosterone in the
testes.
LH
Testosterone production occurs in the interstitial
____ in the _____
Leydig cells, seminiferous tubules.
Testosterone production slows after ____ years of age;
by ____ years of age, production is only about one-fifth
peak level.
40, 80
(sperm production) occurs continually
after puberty, providing large numbers of sperm for
unlimited ejaculations during the mature life span.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatozoa are released from the ____ walls of
the
epithelial, Seminiferous tubules.
The entire period of spermatogenesis, from germinal cell
to mature sperm, takes about ___ days.
75
Homologous Structures of the Human
Male and Female Reproductive System
Male Embryo Structure Female
Testis
Penis
Scrotum
Cowper’s gland
Skin shaft of penis
(ventral)
Foreskin of penis
Embryo Structure
Gonad
Genital Tubercle
Genital Swellings
-SKIN SHAFT - Genital Folds
Female
Ovary
Clitoris
Labia majora
Bartholin’s gland
Labia minora
Clitoral hood
Analogous Structures of the Human
Male and Female Reproductive System
Duct system
Male
epididymis, urethra, & vas
deferens - Wolffian duct
Female
Estrogen & Progesterone
Corpus luteum & granulosa
cells
uterus, fallopian tube, &
vagina - Mullerian duct
Analogous Structures of the Human
Male and Female Reproductive System
Hormone produced
m
Testosterone
f
Estrogen & Progesterone
Analogous Structures of the Human
Male and Female Reproductive System
Hormones
produced by
M Interstitial cells
F Corpus luteum & granulosa
cells
The human sexual response cycle, or how the human
body responds to sexual arousal, is composed of 4
distinct phases:
A. Excitement
B. Plateau
C. Orgasm
D. Resolution
The human sexual response cycle, or how the human
body responds to sexual arousal:
occurs with physical and psychological stimulation
(i.e. sight, sound, emotion, or thought) that causes
parasympathetic nerve stimulation.
This leads to arterial dilation and venous constriction
in the genital area.
The resulting increased blood supply leads to
vasocongestion and increasing muscular tension.
. Excitement
The human sexual response cycle, or how the human
body responds to sexual arousal:
____ stage is reached just before orgasm.
Plateau
The human sexual response cycle, or how the human
body responds to sexual arousal:
occurs when stimulation proceeds through the
plateau stage to a point at which the body suddenly
dischargers accumulated sexual tension
. Orgasm
The human sexual response cycle, or how the human
body responds to sexual arousal:
The period during which the external and internal
genital organs return to unaroused state.
Resolution
a person’s preference for
heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual relationships.
Sexual orientation
- the activities that the individual
chooses to give and receive physical love and
gratification.
Sexual expressio
are produced mainly by the ovaries and the placenta
during pregnancy
Estrogens
also acts as a hormone and neurotransmitter
involved in functions such as movement, learning, milk
production, memory, sleep or attention, although it is
known above all because it provides pleasure and
relaxation.
Dopamine
defines sexual
orientation as “an enduring pattern of emotional,
romantic and/or sexual attractions to men, women or
both sexes.”
The American Psychology Association
is about who you’re attracted to and
want to have relationships with.
Sexual orientation
Types of Sexual Orientation
an individual feels attraction on an emotional,
romantic or sexual level to people of the opposite sex.
Heterosexual
Types of Sexual Orientation
refers to those with a sexual preference for people of
the same sex
Homosexua
Types of Sexual Orientation
one feels emotional, romantic, sexual, or affective
attraction towards both sexes.
BisexuaL
Types of Sexual Orientation
lack of sexual, social, physical, or affective attraction
towards others
Asexual
Types of Sexual Orientation
attracted to any sex or gender
Pansexual
Types of Sexual Orientation
a sexual preference where the individual needs to
establish an emotional bond with someone first
before they feel attraction.
Demisexual
Types of Sexual Orientation
a non-defined sexual orientation, which means that
individuals that identify as- make
connections with all different types of people
Some might consider this type of sexual preference a
sort of mix between bisexuality and pansexuality,
althoug
Anthrosexual
Types of Sexual Orientation
an individual feels sexually attracted to himself or
herself, which means that they have autoerotic
tendencies.
Autosexuality
Types of Sexual Orientation
sexual preference that represents the most
substantial part of the sexual desire continuum.
a sexual orientation located between the two poles of
desire: asexuality and sexuality
Graysexuality
Types of Sexual Orientation
practically the same as asexuality (a lack of sexual,
emotional, or affective attraction to anyone).
The difference is that, while asexuality defines
someone’s sexual preferences as a norm,
_____ is a consequence of external factors
like too much stress at work, or even the result of a
medical condition.
Hyposexuality
Types of Sexual Orientation
the person feels physical and emotional attraction
towards a person, regardless of whether this feeling
is corresponded.
Lithsexuality
‘sapio’ comes from Latin and means
‘wise
Types of Sexual Orientation
a fixed attraction towards people that they consider
intelligent.
Sapiosexuality
Types of Sexual Orientation
The originally meant “strange” or
“peculiar,”
Queer
Types of Sexual Expression
the state of abstaining from marriage and sexual
relations
Celibacy
Types of Sexual Expression
stimulation of the genitals with the hand for sexual
pleasure
act or practice of self-stimulation of one’s sexual
organs
Masturbation
Types of Sexual Expression
The use of visual materials such as magazines or
photographs for sexual arousal.
Erotic Stimulation
Types of Sexual Expression
a form of sexual behavior in which gratification is
strongly linked to a particular object or activity
Fetishism
Types of Sexual Expression
the action or practice of dressing in clothes primarily
associated with the opposite sex
Transvestism
Types of Sexual Expression
practice of gaining sexual pleasure from watching
others when they are naked or engaged in sexual
activit
Voyuerism
Types of Sexual Expression
giving and receiving of pleasure from acts involving
the receipt or infliction of pain or humiliation
Sadomasochism
Other Types of Sexual Expression
revealing one’s genital in public
Exhibitionism
Other Types of Sexual Expression
individuals who are interested in sexual encounters
with children
Pedophiles
Other Types of Sexual Expression
an unsolicited telephone call where a person uses
foul or sexual language to interact with someone who
may be known to them or who may be a complete
stranger
Obscene Phone Calling
Other Types of Sexual Expression
From the viewpoint of the recipient of the calls,
obscene calls may be considered to be a form of
sexual harassment, stalking, or both.
Telephone Scatologia
Other Types of Sexual Expression
sexual intercourse between a person and an animal
Bestiality
Other Types of Sexual Expression
sexual intercourse with or attraction towards corpses
Necrophilia
Disorders of sexual functioning
Healthy sexual activity can include a wide range of
desires and activities, which, when fantasized about
or experienced between consenting adults as part of
a fulfilling relationship, bring people pleasure, even if
others may prefer to live their sex lives in a different
way
Sexual Desire Disorders
Disorders of sexual functioning
a medical condition with only one symptom: low
sexual desire
Inhibited sexual desire (ISD)
