MATERNAL 1-8

Question 1

Maternal and child health nursing can be visualized
within a framework:

Answer 1

Nursing Process
Nursing Theory
Evidence-based practice
Care for families during childbearing and childrearing
years,

Question 2

4 Phases of Health Care

Answer 2

Health Promotion
Health Maintenance
Health Restoration
Health Rehabilitation

Question 3

Definition:
Educating clients to be aware of good health
through teaching and role modeling.

Answer 3

Health Promotion

Question 4

Definition:
Intervening to maintain health when risk of illness
is present.

Answer 4

Health Maintenance

Question 5

Definition:
Promptly diagnosing and treating illness using
interventions that will return client to wellness
most rapidly.

Answer 5

Health Restoration

Question 6

Definition:
Preventing further complications from an illness;
bringing client back to optimal state of wellness
or helping client to accept inevitable death.

Answer 6

Health Rehabilitation

Question 7

a proven form of problem solving based on the
scientific method, serves as the basis
applicable to all health care teachings, from the
prenatal clinic to pediatric intensive care unit, a proof
that the method is broad enough to serve as the
basis for all nursing care.

Answer 7

The Nursing Process

Question 8

involves the use of research or controlled
investigation of a problem in conjunction with clinical
expertise as a foundation for action
bodies of professional knowledge grow and expand
to the extent that people in that profession plan and
carry out research

Answer 8

Evidence-Based Practice

Question 9

the controlled investigation of problems that have
implications for nursing practice, provides
evidence for practice, upon which the foundation
of nursing grows, expands and improves

Answer 9

Nursing Research

Question 10

provides the justification for implementing activities
for outcome achievement, ultimately resulting in
improved and cost-effective patient care.

Answer 10

Nursing Research

Question 11

The primary goal of maternal and child health nursing:

Answer 11

“The promotion and maintenance of optimal family
health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and
childrearing”

Question 12

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse systematically evaluates the quality and
effectiveness of nursing practice.

Answer 12

Standard I: Quality of Care

Question 13

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse evaluates his/her own nursing practice in
relation to professional practice standards and
relevant statutes and regulations.

Answer 13

Standard II: Performance Appraisal

Question 14

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse acquires and maintains current knowledge
in nursing practice.

Answer 14

Standard III: Education

Question 15

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse contributes to the professional
development of peers, colleagues, and others.

Answer 15

Standard IV: Collegiality

Question 16

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse’s decision and actions on behalf of patients
are determined in an ethical manner.

Answer 16

Standard V: Ethics

Question 17

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse collaborates with the patient, significant
others, and health care providers in providing patient
care.

Answer 17

Standard VI: Collaboration

Question 18

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse uses research findings in practice.

Answer 18

Standard VII: Research

Question 19

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse considers factors related to safety,
effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering
patient care.

Answer 19

Standard VIII: Resource Utilization

Question 20

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse contributes to the environment of care
delivery within the practice settings.

Answer 20

Standard IX: Practice Environment

Question 21

2020 National Health Goals

Answer 21

The 2020 National Health Goals are intended to help
citizens more easily understand the importance of health
promotion and disease prevention and to encourage
wide participation in improving health in the next
decade.

Question 22

Standards of Professional Performance

The nurse in is professionally and legally accountable
for his/ her practice. The professional registered nurse
may delegate to and supervise qualified personnel
who provide patient care.

Answer 22

Standard X: Accountability

Question 23

The two main overarching national health goals are:

Answer 23

Increase quality and years of healthy life.
Eliminate health disparities.

Question 24

Global Health Goals

Answer 24

End poverty and hunger.
Achieve universal primary education.
Promote gender equality and empower women.
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health.
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
Ensure environmental sustainability.
Develop a global partnership for development

Question 25

Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings.

Answer 25

Patricia Benner

Question 26

A person comprises subsystems that must remain in
balance for optimal functioning. Any actual or
potential threat to this system balance is a nursing
concern.

Answer 26

Dorothy Johnson

Question 27

Nursing is a process of action, reaction, interaction,
and transaction; needs are identified based on
clients social system, perceptions, and health; the
role of the nurse is to help; the client achieve goal
attainment.

Answer 27

Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory

Question 28

Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings

Answer 28

Patricia Benner

Question 29

The role of the nurse is viewed as changing or
structuring elements of the environment such as
ventilation, temperature, odors, noise, and light to put
the client into the best opportunity for recovery.

Answer 29

Florence Nightingale

Question 30

A person is an open system that interacts with the
environment; nursing is aimed at reducing stressors
through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.

Answer 30

Betty Neuman

Question 31

Systems Model provides a
comprehensive holistic and system-based approach
to nursing that contains an element of flexibility. The
theory focuses on the response of the patient system
to actual or potential environmental stressors and
the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing
prevention intervention for retention, attainment, and
maintenance of patient system wellness.

Answer 31

Betty Neuman

Question 32

The focus of nursing is on the individual; clients are
assessed in terms of ability to complete self-care.
Care given may be wholly compensatory (client has
no role); partly compensatory (client participates in
care); or supportive-educational

Answer 32

Dorothea Orem

Question 33

The Self-Care Deficit Theory developed as a result of
___ working toward her goal of
improving the quality of nursing in general hospitals
in her state. The model interrelates concepts in such a
way as to create a different way of looking at a
particular phenomenon. The theory is relatively
simple, but generalizable to apply to a wide variety of
patients. It can be used by nurses to guide and
improve practice, but it must be consistent with other
validated theories, laws and principles.

Answer 33

Dorothea Orem

Question 34

The focus of the nurse is interaction with the client:
effectiveness of care depends on the client’s
behavior and the nurse’s reaction to that behavior.
The client should define her own needs.

Answer 34

Ida Jean Orlando

Question 35

The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship , published in

Answer 35

1961

Question 36

The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship described
In Nursing Process Discipline Theory. The
major dimensions of the model explain that the role
of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s
immediate needs for help. The patient’s presenting
behavior might be a cry for help. However, the help
the patient needs may not be what it appears to be.
Because of this, nurses have to use their own
perception, thoughts about perception, or the feeling
engendered from their thoughts to explore the
meaning of the patient’s behavior. This process helps
nurses find out the nature of the patient’s distress
and provide the help he or she needs.

Answer 36

Ida Jean Orlando

Question 37

Nursing is a human science. Health is a lived
experience. Man-living-health as a single unit guides
practice

Answer 37

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Question 38

Human Becoming Theory guides the practice
of nurses to focus on quality of life as it is described
and lived. The human becoming theory of nursing
presents an alternative to both the conventional biomedical approach as well as the bio-psycho-socialspiritual approach of most other theories and models
of nursing. Parse’s model rates quality of life from
each person’s own perspective as the goal of the
practice of nursing. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse first
published the theory in 1981 as the “Man-living-health”
theory, and the name was changed to the “human
becoming theory” in 1992.

Answer 38

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Question 39

The promotion of health is viewed as the forward
movement of the personality; this is accomplished
through an interpersonal process that includes
orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution

Answer 39

Hildegard Peplau

Question 40

The purpose of nursing is to move the client toward
optimal health; the nurse should view the client as
whole and constantly changing and help people to
interact in the best way possible with the
environment.

Answer 40

Martha Rogers

Question 41

Theory of Unitary Human Beings
views nursing as both a science and an art. The
uniqueness of nursing, like any other science, is in the
phenomenon central to its focus. The purpose of
nurses is to promote health and well-being for all
persons wherever they are. The development of
Rogers’ abstract system was strongly influenced by
an early grounding in arts, as well as a background in
science and interest in space. The science of unitary
human beings began as a synthesis of ideas and
facts.

Answer 41

Martha Rogers

Question 42

The role of the nurse is to aid clients to adapt to the
change caused by illness; levels of adaptation
depend on the degree of environmental change and
state of coping ability; full adaptation includes
physiologic interdependence

Answer 42

Sister Callista Roy

Question 43

The Adaptation Model of Nursing

After working with Dorothy
E. Johnson, Roy became convinced of the importance
of describing the nature of nursing as a service to
society. This prompted her to begin developing her
model with the goal of nursing being to promote
adaptation. She first began organizing her theory of
nursing as she developed course curriculum for
nursing students at Mount St. Mary’s College. She
introduced her ideas as a basis for an integrated
nursing curriculum.

Answer 43

Sister Callista Roy

Question 44

The Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major
concepts: human being, health, environment/society,
and nursing.

Answer 44

Jean Watson

Question 45

refers to the human being as “a valued
person in and of him or herself to be cared for,
respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in
general a philosophical view of a person as a fully
functional integrated self. Human is viewed as
greater than and different from the sum of his or her
parts.

Answer 45

Jean Watson

Question 46

Theory of Comfort was first developed in
the 1990s. It is a middle-range theory for health
practice, education, and research. This theory has the
potential to place comfort in the forefront of
healthcare. According to the model, comfort is an
immediate desirable outcome of nursing care.

Answer 46

Katharine Kolcaba

Question 47

The Modeling and Role Modeling Theory

It was first published in 1983 in
their book Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and
Paradigm for Nursing. The theory enables nurses to
care for and nurture each patient with an awareness
of and respect for the individual patient’s uniqueness.
This exemplifies theory-based clinical practice that
focuses on the patient’s needs.

Answer 47

Helen Erickson

Question 48

The Maternal Role Attainment Theory was developed
to serve as a framework for nurses to provide
appropriate health care interventions for
nontraditional mothers in order for them to develop a
strong maternal identity. This mid-range theory can
be used throughout pregnancy and postnatal care,
but is also beneficial for adoptive or foster mothers,
or others who find themselves in the maternal role
unexpectedly. The process used in this nursing model
helps the mother develop an attachment to the
infant, which in turn helps the infant form a bond with
the mother. This helps develop the mother-child
relationship as the infant grows.

Answer 48

Ramona Mercer

Question 49

The primary concept of this theory is the
developmental and interactional process, which
occurs over a period of time. In the process, the
mother bonds with the infant, acquires competence
in general caretaking tasks, and then comes to
express joy and pleasure in her role as a mother.

Answer 49

Ramona Mercer

Question 50

An advanced practice nurse who has hands-on
expertise, advanced knowledge, and a certification in
a given specialty. The graduate-level nursing
education and extensive training that the CNS must
go through preparing them to practice autonomously
and to adequately assess, diagnose, and manage
patient problems

Answer 50

1. Clinical Nurse Specialists

Question 51

is a medical professional who’s
responsible for coordinating the long-term care of
patients. They update the patient care plans
according to the patient’s condition and educate
both the patient and their families on how to follow
the plan.

Answer 51

Case Manager

Question 52

is an
advanced-practice nurse who provides primary care
services to women across their lifespans. These
nurses primarily focus on obstetric, gynecological,
and reproductive health. Not only do they provide
diagnostic care and treatment, but they also employ
preventative health measures.

Answer 52

Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner

Question 53

is a highly
educated registered nurse who provides primary or
specialty care for patients of all ages. These
advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) typically
work under a physician but with a high degree of
autonomy, and in some cases, have their own private
practices

Answer 53

4. Family Nurse Practitioner

Question 54

They provide most of the same services a doctor
provides, and are the primary source of care for many
patients. FNPs conduct health exams, provide health
education, diagnose illnesses, and prescribe
medication, among many other tasks.

Answer 54

4. Family Nurse Practitioner

Question 55

are advanced
practice registered nurses (APRNs) who are
responsible for providing primary, acute, chronic, and
critical care to ill neonates, infants, and toddlers
under the age of two in the neonatal intensive care
unit (NICU). These nurses have undergone graduatedegree training in nursing at either the master’s or
doctoral level, and are board-certified in
neonatology.

Answer 55

Neonatal Nurse Practitioner

Question 56

are advanced
practice nurses who provide primary and specialty
care to children from infancy through young
adulthood. These nurses are crucial members of the
healthcare team and generally work alongside
pediatricians, although some work independently in
their own private practices. As nurses, PNPs tend to
take a more holistic approach to medicine than their
physician counterparts.

Answer 56

6. Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

Question 57

have helped women to deliver babies for
centuries and they were present at most births until
the early twentieth century. Today, more than 7% of all
births, both vaginal and C-section, in the U.S. are
delivered by certified nurse-midwives

Answer 57

7. Nurse-Midwife