MATERNAL 1-8 Flashcards
Maternal and child health nursing can be visualized
within a framework:
Nursing Process
Nursing Theory
Evidence-based practice
Care for families during childbearing and childrearing
years,
4 Phases of Health Care
Health Promotion
Health Maintenance
Health Restoration
Health Rehabilitation
Definition:
Educating clients to be aware of good health
through teaching and role modeling.
Health Promotion
Definition:
Intervening to maintain health when risk of illness
is present.
Health Maintenance
Definition:
Promptly diagnosing and treating illness using
interventions that will return client to wellness
most rapidly.
Health Restoration
Definition:
Preventing further complications from an illness;
bringing client back to optimal state of wellness
or helping client to accept inevitable death.
Health Rehabilitation
a proven form of problem solving based on the
scientific method, serves as the basis
applicable to all health care teachings, from the
prenatal clinic to pediatric intensive care unit, a proof
that the method is broad enough to serve as the
basis for all nursing care.
The Nursing Process
involves the use of research or controlled
investigation of a problem in conjunction with clinical
expertise as a foundation for action
bodies of professional knowledge grow and expand
to the extent that people in that profession plan and
carry out research
Evidence-Based Practice
the controlled investigation of problems that have
implications for nursing practice, provides
evidence for practice, upon which the foundation
of nursing grows, expands and improves
Nursing Research
provides the justification for implementing activities
for outcome achievement, ultimately resulting in
improved and cost-effective patient care.
Nursing Research
The primary goal of maternal and child health nursing:
“The promotion and maintenance of optimal family
health to ensure cycles of optimal childbearing and
childrearing”
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse systematically evaluates the quality and
effectiveness of nursing practice.
Standard I: Quality of Care
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse evaluates his/her own nursing practice in
relation to professional practice standards and
relevant statutes and regulations.
Standard II: Performance Appraisal
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse acquires and maintains current knowledge
in nursing practice.
Standard III: Education
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse contributes to the professional
development of peers, colleagues, and others.
Standard IV: Collegiality
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse’s decision and actions on behalf of patients
are determined in an ethical manner.
Standard V: Ethics
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse collaborates with the patient, significant
others, and health care providers in providing patient
care.
Standard VI: Collaboration
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse uses research findings in practice.
Standard VII: Research
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse considers factors related to safety,
effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering
patient care.
Standard VIII: Resource Utilization
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse contributes to the environment of care
delivery within the practice settings.
Standard IX: Practice Environment
2020 National Health Goals
The 2020 National Health Goals are intended to help
citizens more easily understand the importance of health
promotion and disease prevention and to encourage
wide participation in improving health in the next
decade.
Standards of Professional Performance
The nurse in is professionally and legally accountable
for his/ her practice. The professional registered nurse
may delegate to and supervise qualified personnel
who provide patient care.
Standard X: Accountability
The two main overarching national health goals are:
Increase quality and years of healthy life.
Eliminate health disparities.
Global Health Goals
End poverty and hunger.
Achieve universal primary education.
Promote gender equality and empower women.
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health.
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
Ensure environmental sustainability.
Develop a global partnership for development
Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings.
Patricia Benner
A person comprises subsystems that must remain in
balance for optimal functioning. Any actual or
potential threat to this system balance is a nursing
concern.
Dorothy Johnson
Nursing is a process of action, reaction, interaction,
and transaction; needs are identified based on
clients social system, perceptions, and health; the
role of the nurse is to help; the client achieve goal
attainment.
Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory
Nursing is a caring relationship. Nurses grow from
novice to expert as they practice in clinical settings
Patricia Benner
The role of the nurse is viewed as changing or
structuring elements of the environment such as
ventilation, temperature, odors, noise, and light to put
the client into the best opportunity for recovery.
Florence Nightingale
A person is an open system that interacts with the
environment; nursing is aimed at reducing stressors
through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
Betty Neuman
Systems Model provides a
comprehensive holistic and system-based approach
to nursing that contains an element of flexibility. The
theory focuses on the response of the patient system
to actual or potential environmental stressors and
the use of primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing
prevention intervention for retention, attainment, and
maintenance of patient system wellness.
Betty Neuman
The focus of nursing is on the individual; clients are
assessed in terms of ability to complete self-care.
Care given may be wholly compensatory (client has
no role); partly compensatory (client participates in
care); or supportive-educational
Dorothea Orem
The Self-Care Deficit Theory developed as a result of
___ working toward her goal of
improving the quality of nursing in general hospitals
in her state. The model interrelates concepts in such a
way as to create a different way of looking at a
particular phenomenon. The theory is relatively
simple, but generalizable to apply to a wide variety of
patients. It can be used by nurses to guide and
improve practice, but it must be consistent with other
validated theories, laws and principles.
Dorothea Orem
The focus of the nurse is interaction with the client:
effectiveness of care depends on the client’s
behavior and the nurse’s reaction to that behavior.
The client should define her own needs.
Ida Jean Orlando
The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship , published in
1961
The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship described
In Nursing Process Discipline Theory. The
major dimensions of the model explain that the role
of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s
immediate needs for help. The patient’s presenting
behavior might be a cry for help. However, the help
the patient needs may not be what it appears to be.
Because of this, nurses have to use their own
perception, thoughts about perception, or the feeling
engendered from their thoughts to explore the
meaning of the patient’s behavior. This process helps
nurses find out the nature of the patient’s distress
and provide the help he or she needs.
Ida Jean Orlando
Nursing is a human science. Health is a lived
experience. Man-living-health as a single unit guides
practice
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Human Becoming Theory guides the practice
of nurses to focus on quality of life as it is described
and lived. The human becoming theory of nursing
presents an alternative to both the conventional biomedical approach as well as the bio-psycho-socialspiritual approach of most other theories and models
of nursing. Parse’s model rates quality of life from
each person’s own perspective as the goal of the
practice of nursing. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse first
published the theory in 1981 as the “Man-living-health”
theory, and the name was changed to the “human
becoming theory” in 1992.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
The promotion of health is viewed as the forward
movement of the personality; this is accomplished
through an interpersonal process that includes
orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution
Hildegard Peplau
The purpose of nursing is to move the client toward
optimal health; the nurse should view the client as
whole and constantly changing and help people to
interact in the best way possible with the
environment.
Martha Rogers
Theory of Unitary Human Beings
views nursing as both a science and an art. The
uniqueness of nursing, like any other science, is in the
phenomenon central to its focus. The purpose of
nurses is to promote health and well-being for all
persons wherever they are. The development of
Rogers’ abstract system was strongly influenced by
an early grounding in arts, as well as a background in
science and interest in space. The science of unitary
human beings began as a synthesis of ideas and
facts.
Martha Rogers
The role of the nurse is to aid clients to adapt to the
change caused by illness; levels of adaptation
depend on the degree of environmental change and
state of coping ability; full adaptation includes
physiologic interdependence
Sister Callista Roy
The Adaptation Model of Nursing
After working with Dorothy
E. Johnson, Roy became convinced of the importance
of describing the nature of nursing as a service to
society. This prompted her to begin developing her
model with the goal of nursing being to promote
adaptation. She first began organizing her theory of
nursing as she developed course curriculum for
nursing students at Mount St. Mary’s College. She
introduced her ideas as a basis for an integrated
nursing curriculum.
Sister Callista Roy
The Philosophy and Science of Caring has four major
concepts: human being, health, environment/society,
and nursing.
Jean Watson
refers to the human being as “a valued
person in and of him or herself to be cared for,
respected, nurtured, understood and assisted; in
general a philosophical view of a person as a fully
functional integrated self. Human is viewed as
greater than and different from the sum of his or her
parts.
Jean Watson
Theory of Comfort was first developed in
the 1990s. It is a middle-range theory for health
practice, education, and research. This theory has the
potential to place comfort in the forefront of
healthcare. According to the model, comfort is an
immediate desirable outcome of nursing care.
Katharine Kolcaba
The Modeling and Role Modeling Theory
It was first published in 1983 in
their book Modeling and Role Modeling: A Theory and
Paradigm for Nursing. The theory enables nurses to
care for and nurture each patient with an awareness
of and respect for the individual patient’s uniqueness.
This exemplifies theory-based clinical practice that
focuses on the patient’s needs.
Helen Erickson
The Maternal Role Attainment Theory was developed
to serve as a framework for nurses to provide
appropriate health care interventions for
nontraditional mothers in order for them to develop a
strong maternal identity. This mid-range theory can
be used throughout pregnancy and postnatal care,
but is also beneficial for adoptive or foster mothers,
or others who find themselves in the maternal role
unexpectedly. The process used in this nursing model
helps the mother develop an attachment to the
infant, which in turn helps the infant form a bond with
the mother. This helps develop the mother-child
relationship as the infant grows.
Ramona Mercer
The primary concept of this theory is the
developmental and interactional process, which
occurs over a period of time. In the process, the
mother bonds with the infant, acquires competence
in general caretaking tasks, and then comes to
express joy and pleasure in her role as a mother.
Ramona Mercer
An advanced practice nurse who has hands-on
expertise, advanced knowledge, and a certification in
a given specialty. The graduate-level nursing
education and extensive training that the CNS must
go through preparing them to practice autonomously
and to adequately assess, diagnose, and manage
patient problems
- Clinical Nurse Specialists
is a medical professional who’s
responsible for coordinating the long-term care of
patients. They update the patient care plans
according to the patient’s condition and educate
both the patient and their families on how to follow
the plan.
Case Manager
is an
advanced-practice nurse who provides primary care
services to women across their lifespans. These
nurses primarily focus on obstetric, gynecological,
and reproductive health. Not only do they provide
diagnostic care and treatment, but they also employ
preventative health measures.
Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner
is a highly
educated registered nurse who provides primary or
specialty care for patients of all ages. These
advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) typically
work under a physician but with a high degree of
autonomy, and in some cases, have their own private
practices
- Family Nurse Practitioner
They provide most of the same services a doctor
provides, and are the primary source of care for many
patients. FNPs conduct health exams, provide health
education, diagnose illnesses, and prescribe
medication, among many other tasks.
- Family Nurse Practitioner
are advanced
practice registered nurses (APRNs) who are
responsible for providing primary, acute, chronic, and
critical care to ill neonates, infants, and toddlers
under the age of two in the neonatal intensive care
unit (NICU). These nurses have undergone graduatedegree training in nursing at either the master’s or
doctoral level, and are board-certified in
neonatology.
Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
are advanced
practice nurses who provide primary and specialty
care to children from infancy through young
adulthood. These nurses are crucial members of the
healthcare team and generally work alongside
pediatricians, although some work independently in
their own private practices. As nurses, PNPs tend to
take a more holistic approach to medicine than their
physician counterparts.
- Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
have helped women to deliver babies for
centuries and they were present at most births until
the early twentieth century. Today, more than 7% of all
births, both vaginal and C-section, in the U.S. are
delivered by certified nurse-midwives
- Nurse-Midwife
