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Companion Animal Behaviour > Maternal > Flashcards

Maternal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of parental behaviour

A 
build immunity
protecction
nutrition
teaching
provision with inaccessible resourses
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2
Q

Why do we care?

A

avoid interence
aid managment
care for reected youn

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3
Q

parity

A

the state of condition of being equal

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4
Q

primiparous

A

bearing young for the first time

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5
Q

epimiletic

A

care giver

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6
Q

et-epimiletic

A

care seeking behaviour

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7
Q

concaveation

A

behaviour that triggers maternal behaviour

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8
Q

Isolation in pigs

A

seek isolation to reduce vulnerability from predators and conspecifics
can be stressful if can’t fulfill

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9
Q

Social grouping of mares

A

those who had just given births stay close together and far away from the rest of the group

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10
Q

Nest site selection in cats

A

moved kitten far away after birth then moved closer to food supply
cats in communal groups moved kittens moreoften than solitary cats to avoid cannibalism but toms

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11
Q

endocrinology of pregnancy

A

oestradiol elevated in preg priming effect
progesterone spikes then decreases just before parturition
porlactin rises before parturition
rabbits- bromocriptine in late preg disrupts nest building behaviour and abolishes maternal

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12
Q

other disruptions

A

hormones
stress
day length
sign stimuli

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13
Q

licking

A

initial stimulation to clear membranes, dry, bond, eliminative behaviour, ingesting faeces to keep nest clean triggers eating behaviour

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14
Q

Nursing-tolerate/assisting nursing

A

passive immunity and regular nutrition

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15
Q

Innate or learnt

A

breed differences in maternal behaviour in sheep
differing levels of estradiol
experience lowers the chances off rejection, lamb-directed aggression and suckling refusals

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16
Q

imprinting

A 
social bonding, social support
2 way process
sensitive periods
chick and ewes- houurs after birth
hen and lambs- days after birth
17
Q

stages of dog development

A

birth-2weeks limited sensory and motor capacity but rapid neuroloigcal dev (handling 5mins+ a day will improve later confidence)
2-3 weeks- eyes and ears open begin to walk and leave nest
3-12 weeks- primary attachments- independent of associated rewards/punishments
3-8 months- reinforcement of social bonds needed

18
Q

first milk provides

A

energy
warmth
local gut protection
PASSIVE IMMUNITY

19
Q

maternal pheromones

A

DAP adaptil for dogs

PAP for pigs

20
Q

nursing freq

A 
kittens- 3-4hrs per day
pigs- every 40mins, 20s
rabbits- oncer per day, 3-4mins
foals twice per hour, 1min
sheep- once per hour for 1 min
calves, 6 times a day for 10min
21
Q

Trivers-Willard hypothesis

A

investment in offspring depends on future breeding potential of offspring and the compromise to future breeding potential of mother

22
Q

Pal (2004) parental care in free-ranging dogs

A

6 mothers
4 male parents in contact with litters as guard dog for first 6-8 weeks
protected in absence of mothers
one male fed by regurgitation

23
Q

effects of domestication

A 
selection for/against
changes in body form
earlier breeding
changed breeding season
effect of increased con-specific breeding
modified early experience
changed parturition environment
changed lactation environment
early weaning
24
Q

Rejection reasons

A 
primarous
genetics
premature human intervention
pain/stress
low levels of progesterone
not normal delivery
25
Q

Rejection issues

A 
no passive immunity
increase morbidity
hypothermia
starvation
poor growth
poor social integration
food neophobia
long term personality disorders
aggression
26
Q

treatments

A

hormone treatment
hand rearing
fostering

27
Q

Kendrick et al (1997) sheep and oxytocin

A

increased activity in oxytocin neurons aided maternal behaviour
and facilitates changes in olfactory processing to enable rapid recognition

28
Q

Kendrick & Keverne (1994)

A

vaginocervical stimulation in sheep can evoke rapid onset of maternal behaviours

29
Q

Canteras et al (2003)

A

morphine inhibits m behaviour in rats

30
Q

Jensen et al (1999) differences between domesticated and wild sows

A

no diff in nest building
domestic sows allowed piglet to massage udder for longer after milk ejection in first week and wild in second
wild type terminated more nursings in second week
3rd week domestics lie down and more less
freq of nose contact lower in d
observed diffs indicate d sows have adapted to life in human protection

31
Q

White & Scogging (2014) various methods available for foal rejection including;

A

physical and or chemical restraint
behaviour modification
hormone therapy
surrogation used when the dam experiences illness, death or outright rejection which can negatively effect foal

Companion Animal Behaviour (10 decks)

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