Feeding Flashcards
Maselyne et al (2015)
feeding behaviour is the act of feeding which can be described by chewing or biting food or putting head in trough also called a feeding visit… detecting the presence of animal or observing the disappearance of feed is sufficient
1960s rat studies
lateral hypothalamus (hunger) and ventral hypothalamus (satiety)= feeding centre NT dopamine involved
species specific strategy
depends on echoniche
rising blood glucose
can trigger meal termination
what dictates when an animal eats next meal
digestion rate
food quality
fat stores
Adrenal activity from illness etc
can reduce intake
Hunger mechanism
eat until not hungry- wild
Satiety mechanism
avoid stomach being so empty they feel hunger
domestic
schedules
Raffen et al (2016) fat labs
23% had at least one copy of mutant POMC
usually encodes for proteins that help switch off hunger
for each mutant copy a dog was around 1.9kg heavier
Innate
basic behaviour must be suckling behaviour chicks peck at small bright objects piglets root around in substrate kittens have prey catching motor patterns
Cost Benefit Analysis
any behaviour has cost and benefit
natural selection should select strategies that maximis fitness
animals should evolve to put time and energy to optimum use
Learning from mother- Chicks
Kelling 2009- mother can help by giving the tidbiting call and attracting chicks over to where she is feeding
indicates food quality
Learning from mother- Cats
vision of Dams food smell her breath taste food in her milk and faeces regurgitation food carried into nests
Wells & Hepper (2006) dog prenatal olfactory learning
bitched fed aniseed produced pups that preferred aniseed
Mariner & Alexander (1995) Foal grazing
fall in freq of biting poisonous plant coincides with copraphagy
Galef- rats learning from conspecifics
offered novel food- eat little
presence of demonstrator enhances
enhancement occurs if demonstrator consumed somewhere else and up to 4hrs earlier
Lupfer-Johnson & Ross (2007) dog- learning from conspecifics
demonstrator dog eat basil or time and socialized for 10 mins
68% chose demonstrator diet
animals learn from properties…
of food they have eaten
Conditioned taste aversion
the paring of food with a toxin that causes illness to avoid that food in the future
2 pan tests
record amount eaten out of 2 pans preference of presentation side choice affected by interactions of food offered no control for satiation high intakes detrimental
Operant contioning tests`
record amount of work to obtain food consumer demand time consuming weaker preferences shown less robust than 2 pan
Cogntive palatability assessment protocol
- preference testing- 12 trials/day
- fill all with control food
- once preference for container- no food in preferred
- one no pref cont- control
- one non pref cont- test food
- stablization- 20 days to establish object choice
- reverse
- see how long it takes for preference to change
controlled for container, position, habituation, genuine choice
Cat and Dog ability to taste
cats- lack sweet but can detect monophosphate (bitter) build up in meet after slaughter
dogs- can taste sweet but lost salty
effects of domestication
still posses evo important behaviours to some degree changed types of feed controlled presentation less need to forage confined environment
environmental enrichment
let them find the food
avoid stereotypies
Jang et al (2017) DREADD tech
designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) tech to determine effects of dopamine neural activity on feeding behaviour in rats
increased activity in mesolimbin dopamine neurons both promotes and reduces food intake by facilitatin the initiation and cessation of feeding behaviour
Bastian et al (2016) genes for digestion dogs and wolves
due to domestication characteristics of dog genome changed
includes increased number of Amy2B gene copies coding for pancreatic amylase
allowed adaption to omnivorous diet
Nielsen et al (1996) feeding rhythm
animals may utlilize their feed better if they are fed according to species-specific feeding rhythm and in social context adapted to the species
