Feeding

Question 1

Maselyne et al (2015)

Answer 1

feeding behaviour is the act of feeding which can be described by chewing or biting food or putting head in trough also called a feeding visit… detecting the presence of animal or observing the disappearance of feed is sufficient

Question 2

1960s rat studies

Answer 2

lateral hypothalamus (hunger) and ventral hypothalamus (satiety)= feeding centre 
NT dopamine involved

Question 3

species specific strategy

Answer 3

depends on echoniche

Question 4

rising blood glucose

Answer 4

can trigger meal termination

Question 5

what dictates when an animal eats next meal

Answer 5

digestion rate
food quality
fat stores

Question 6

Adrenal activity from illness etc

Answer 6

can reduce intake

Question 7

Hunger mechanism

Answer 7

eat until not hungry- wild

Question 8

Satiety mechanism

Answer 8

avoid stomach being so empty they feel hunger
domestic
schedules

Question 9

Raffen et al (2016) fat labs

Answer 9

23% had at least one copy of mutant POMC
usually encodes for proteins that help switch off hunger
for each mutant copy a dog was around 1.9kg heavier

Question 10

Innate

Answer 10

basic behaviour must be
suckling behaviour
chicks peck at small bright objects
piglets root around in substrate
kittens have prey catching motor patterns

Question 11

Cost Benefit Analysis

Answer 11

any behaviour has cost and benefit
natural selection should select strategies that maximis fitness
animals should evolve to put time and energy to optimum use

Question 12

Learning from mother- Chicks

Answer 12

Kelling 2009- mother can help by giving the tidbiting call and attracting chicks over to where she is feeding
indicates food quality

Question 13

Learning from mother- Cats

Answer 13

vision of Dams food
smell her breath
taste food in her milk and faeces
regurgitation
food carried into nests

Question 14

Wells & Hepper (2006) dog prenatal olfactory learning

Answer 14

bitched fed aniseed produced pups that preferred aniseed

Question 15

Mariner & Alexander (1995) Foal grazing

Answer 15

fall in freq of biting poisonous plant coincides with copraphagy

Question 16

Galef- rats learning from conspecifics

Answer 16

offered novel food- eat little
presence of demonstrator enhances
enhancement occurs if demonstrator consumed somewhere else and up to 4hrs earlier

Question 17

Lupfer-Johnson & Ross (2007) dog- learning from conspecifics

Answer 17

demonstrator dog eat basil or time and socialized for 10 mins
68% chose demonstrator diet

Question 18

animals learn from properties…

Answer 18

of food they have eaten

Question 19

Conditioned taste aversion

Answer 19

the paring of food with a toxin that causes illness to avoid that food in the future

Question 20

2 pan tests

Answer 20

record amount eaten out of 2 pans
preference of presentation side
choice affected by interactions of food offered
no control for satiation
high intakes detrimental

Question 21

Operant contioning tests`

Answer 21

record amount of work to obtain food
consumer demand
time consuming
weaker preferences shown
less robust than 2 pan

Question 22

Cogntive palatability assessment protocol

Answer 22

1. preference testing- 12 trials/day
2. fill all with control food
3. once preference for container- no food in preferred
4. one no pref cont- control
5. one non pref cont- test food
6. stablization- 20 days to establish object choice
7. reverse
8. see how long it takes for preference to change
   controlled for container, position, habituation, genuine choice

Question 23

Cat and Dog ability to taste

Answer 23

cats- lack sweet but can detect monophosphate (bitter) build up in meet after slaughter
dogs- can taste sweet but lost salty

Question 24

effects of domestication

Answer 24

still posses evo important behaviours to some degree
changed types of feed
controlled presentation
less need to forage
confined environment

Question 25

environmental enrichment

Answer 25

let them find the food

avoid stereotypies

Question 26

Jang et al (2017) DREADD tech

Answer 26

designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) tech to determine effects of dopamine neural activity on feeding behaviour in rats
increased activity in mesolimbin dopamine neurons both promotes and reduces food intake by facilitatin the initiation and cessation of feeding behaviour

Question 27

Bastian et al (2016) genes for digestion dogs and wolves

Answer 27

due to domestication characteristics of dog genome changed
includes increased number of Amy2B gene copies coding for pancreatic amylase
allowed adaption to omnivorous diet

Question 28

Nielsen et al (1996) feeding rhythm

Answer 28

animals may utlilize their feed better if they are fed according to species-specific feeding rhythm and in social context adapted to the species