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DAY 1 TOPICS > Materials Science and Engineering > Flashcards

Materials Science and Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

paradigm of mat sci and eng

A

processing -> structure -> properties -> performance

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2
Q

structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components

A

structure

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3
Q

material traits in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus

A

properties

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4
Q

relate deformation to an applied load of force

A

mechanical properties

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5
Q

relates the applied electric field

A

electrical properties

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6
Q

temperature changes and temperature gradients across the material

A

thermal properties

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7
Q

relates the applied magnetic field

A

magnetic properties

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8
Q

relates the electromagnetic or light radiation

A

optical properties

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9
Q

relate to the chemical reactivity of materials

A

deteriorative properties

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10
Q

represented in terms of heat capacity and thermal expansion

A

thermal behavior

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11
Q

pertains to the electrons within individual atoms, including their energies and interactions with the atomic nuclei

A

subatomic structure

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12
Q

refers to the arrangement of atoms, which leads to the formation of molecules or crystals

A

atomic structure

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13
Q

focuses on the study of aggregates of atoms that come together to form particles which have nanoscale dimensions

A

nano-structure

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14
Q

structural elements that can be directly observed using a microscope

A

microstructure

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15
Q

refers to the structural elements that can be observed with the naked eye

A

macrostructure

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16
Q

composed of metallic elements; atoms are arranged in a very orderly manner

A

metals

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17
Q

compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements; most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides

A

ceramics

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18
Q

compounds composed of primarily carbon, hydrogen and other nonmetallic elements; large molecular structures chainlike nature with backbone of carbon atoms

A

polymers

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19
Q

low density, low stiffness and strength, extremely ductile and pliable, good deteriorative properties: relatively inert chemically

A

polymers

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20
Q

composed of at least two different material types

A

composites

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21
Q

__ tend to have lower energies = better stability

A

dense, ordered packed structures

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22
Q

atoms/ions in repeating or periodic array over large atomic distances

A

crystalline materials

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23
Q

lack periodicity and long-range order; have complex structure; formation is favored thru rapid cooling

A

noncrystalline materials (amorphous)

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24
Q

tend to be densely packed; simpler than that of ceramics and polymers

A

metallic crystal structure

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25
Q

rare due to low packing density; close-packed directions are cube edges

A

simple cubic structure

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26
Q

number of nearest-neighbor or touching atoms

A

coordination number

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27
Q

two or more distinct crystal structures for the same material

A

polymorphism; allotropy for elemental solids

28
Q

reciprocals of the 3 axial intercepts for a plane, cleared of fractions and common multiples

A

miller indices

29
Q

determination of crystal structure and interplanar spacing; incoming x-rays diffract from crystal planes

A

x-ray diffraction

30
Q

loads may be applied primarily in three ways

A

tension load, compressive load, shear load

31
Q

nonpermanent deformation

A

elastic deformation

32
Q

permanent deformation

A

plastic deformation

33
Q

measure of the resistance to separation of adjacent atoms - interatomic binding forces

A

modules of elasticity

34
Q

shear strain-strain relationship

A

shear modulus

35
Q

relates the lateral and axial strains

A

poisson’s ratio

36
Q

also known as proportionality limit, initial departure from linearity of the stress-strain curve

A

yielding

37
Q

stress at which noticeable plastic deformation has occurred

A

yield strength

38
Q

max stress that can be sustained

A

fracture

39
Q

measure of the degree of plastic deformation that has been sustained at fracture

A

ductility

40
Q

materials are said to have very little to no plastic deformation upon fracture

A

brittle materials

41
Q

exhibit plastic deformation before finally fracturing

A

ductile materials

42
Q

abundant within earth’s crust; economical processing techniques; extremely versatile

A

ferrous alloys

43
Q

most widely used engineering construction materials

A

ferrous alloys

44
Q

relatively soft+ductile+tough; machinable, weldable; automobile body components, structural shapes, sheets for pipelines

A

low-carbon steels

45
Q

stronger than low-carbon steels; poor ductility and toughness

A

medium-carbon steels

46
Q

hardest, strongest but least ductile; cutting tools and dies for forming and shaping materials, knives, razors, etc

A

high-carbon steel

47
Q

alloyed by Cr to improve corrosion resistance; further improve by addition of Ni and Mo; highly resistant to corrosion, consequently leads to its wide range of applicability

A

stainless steels

48
Q

similar to steels but with higher carbon contents > 2.14%

A

cast irons

49
Q

graphite form: flakes; weak and brittle under tension; strong and ductile under compression

A

gray cast iron

50
Q

in nodules or sphere like form; also called as nodular iron

A

ductile iron

51
Q

carbon exists as cementite; extremely hard, very brittle

A

white cast iron

52
Q

graphite form is wormlike/vermicular; tensile and yield strengths are comparable to ductile and malleable iron; high thermal conductivity, better resistance to thermal shock, and lower oxidation at high T

A

compacted graphite iron

53
Q

corrosion resistant; Zn as alloying component

A

brass

54
Q

Sn, AL, Si, Ni as alloying component; corrosion resistant + added strength

A

bronze

55
Q

low density, high electrical and thermal conductivities, corrosion resistant for some common conditions, high ductility

A

aluminum and its alloys

56
Q

low density, relatively soft

A

magnesium and its alloys

57
Q

low density, high melting point, extremely strong, highly ductile, highly machinable

A

titanium and its alloys

58
Q

achieved through firing, a high-temperature heat treatment process of materials

A

ceramic

59
Q

stable structure is where cation is with __ nearest neighbor anions; cations that are all contact with the __

A

high; anion

60
Q

noncrystalline or amorphous silicates containing other oxides such as CaO, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3

A

glasses

61
Q

widely used ceramic raw material; inexpensive and abundant

A

clay products

62
Q

can withstand high temperatures without melting/decomposing; remain unreactive under extreme conditions

A

refractories

63
Q

extremely hard and war resistant; mohs hardness>7

A

abrasives

64
Q

characteristic feature of setting and hardening when mixed with water

A

cements

65
Q

study crack origins and configurations of brittle ceramics for different loading types

A

fractography

66
Q
A

DAY 1 TOPICS (6 decks)

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