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DAY 1 TOPICS > Environmental Engineering > Flashcards

Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

national water and air pollution control commission

A

RA 3931

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2
Q

maintain reasonable standards of purity of waters and air of this country with their utilization for domestic, agricultural, industrial and other legitimate purposes

A

RA 3931

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3
Q

control of toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear waste

A

RA 6969

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4
Q

control, supervise, and regulate activities on toxic chemicals and hazardous waste

A

RA 6969

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5
Q

ecological solid waste management act of 2000

A

RA 9003

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6
Q

provides a systematic, comprehensive, ecological solid waste management program in the country

A

RA 9003

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7
Q

extended produces responsibility act of 2022

A

RA 11898

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8
Q

focus on waste reduction, recovery and recycling, and the development of environment-friendly products

A

RA 11898

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9
Q

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

A

RA 8749

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10
Q

states that the right to breathe clean air and polluters must pay

A

RA 8749

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11
Q

comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all filipinos

A

RA 8749

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12
Q

Philippines Clean Water Act of 2004

A

RA 9275

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13
Q

aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources; provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution

A

RA 9275

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14
Q

policy from RA 9275; provide general guidelines for the classification of water bodies in the country

A

DAO 2016-08 Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES) of 2016

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15
Q

Climate Change Act of 2009

A

RA 9279

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16
Q

mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission

A

RA 9279

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17
Q

Environmental Impact Statement System

A

PD 1586

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18
Q

to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection

A

PD 1586

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19
Q

to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion

A

montreal protocol

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20
Q

aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

A

stockholm convention

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21
Q

known as “forever chemicals”, organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes

A

persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

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22
Q

accumulation of a toxic chemical in the tissue of a particular organism

A

bioaccumulation

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23
Q

refers to the increased concentration of a toxic chemical

A

biomagnification

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24
Q

operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets

A

Kyoto Protocol

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25
Q

central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 deg C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 deg C

A

Paris Agreement

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26
Q

a process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a project on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation, and abandonment

A

Environmental Impact Assessment

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27
Q

processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency

A

Environmental Management Systems

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28
Q

The __ pertains to environment management systems

A

ISO 14000 series

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29
Q

a systematic analysis of the potential environmental impacts of a good or service over the entire period of its life

A

Life Cycle Assessment

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30
Q

materials and resources consumed in the process

A

inputs

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31
Q

losses and emissions accumulated along the production process

A

outputs

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32
Q

generic term used to describe things that are thrown away (has no value)

A

solid waste

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33
Q

using less material in manufacturing

A

prevention

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34
Q

repairing items or parts

A

preparing for re-use

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35
Q

including composting

A

recycling

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36
Q

energy recovery from anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment, and landfill gas

A

other recovery

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37
Q

landfilling or incineration without energy recovery

A

disposal

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38
Q

reprocessing of wastes to recover an original raw

A

recycling

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39
Q

facilitates recovery of recyclable materials

A

material recovery facility

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40
Q

the controlled decomposition of organic materials, such as leaves, grass, food scraps, by microorganisms

A

composting

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41
Q

a chemical reaction in which the elements in the fuel (solid waste) are oxidized in the presence of excess oxygen

A

combustion

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42
Q

thermal processing of material in the absence of oxygen

A

pyrolysis

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43
Q

partial combustion in which a fuel is burned with less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen

A

gasification

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44
Q

a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day

A

landfill

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45
Q

liquid that passes through the landfill, extracts dissolved and suspended matter from the waste material

A

leachate

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46
Q

waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment

A

hazardous waste

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47
Q

substances that can create fire under certain conditions

A

ignitability

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48
Q

substances that pH values <2 and >12.5

A

corrosivity

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49
Q

substances that may be unstable under normal conditions, react with water, detonate

A

reactivity

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50
Q

substances that may be harmful when ingested or absorbed

A

toxicity

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51
Q

excavated or diked areas used to store liquid hazardous wastes

A

surface impoundments

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52
Q

cheap method of disposal whereby wastes are pumped into geologically secure formations, well below drinking water aquifers

A

deep well injection

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53
Q

an ultimate resting place

A

landfilling

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54
Q

non-containerized accumulation of solid hazardous waste used for temporary storage

A

waste piles

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55
Q

water that has percolated downward from the ground surface through the soil pores

A

groundwater

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56
Q

formations of soil and rock that have become saturated with water; groundwater reservoirs

A

aquifers

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57
Q

rivers and lakes withdrawn to supply public water supplies

A

surface water

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58
Q

conversion of saltwater to freshwater; needs desalination

A

seawater

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59
Q

water that has been treated sufficiently for direct reuse in industry and agriculture and for limited municipal applications

A

reclaimed wastewater

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60
Q

collected by a network of pipes or channels and conveyed to a single point of discharge into the receiving water

A

point source

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61
Q

includes domestic sewage along with any industrial wastes that are permitted to be discharged into the sanitary sewers

A

municipal sewage

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62
Q

urban and agricultural runoff that are characterized by multiple discharge points

A

non-point source

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63
Q

nonpoint pollution from urban storm water

A

combined sewers

64
Q

class of compounds that are applied externally or ingested by humans, pets, and other domesticated animals

A

pharmaceutical and personal care products

65
Q

particles that have a dimension less than 100 nm

A

nanoparticles

66
Q

the property of water that tends to scatter and absorb light rays due to the presence of small suspended particles

A

turbidity

67
Q

the property of water that dictates survival of aquatic life forms; affects the solubility of O2

A

temperature

68
Q

the property of water that may be caused by dissolved or suspended colloidal particles from decaying leaves and microscopic plants

A

color

69
Q

the property of water that causes it to be unpalatable

A

taste

70
Q

the property of water that causes unpleasant smell, maybe due to the presence of H2S

A

Odor

71
Q

commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water

A

coliforms

72
Q

tests for coliforms

A

membrane filter method, multiple-tube fermentation method

73
Q

amount of oxygen dissolved in water

A

dissolved oxygen

74
Q

amount of oxygen needed by microbes for the biochemical reactions that sustain them

A

biochemical oxygen demand

75
Q

process of converting ammonia into more stable nitrite and nitrate forms of nitrogen

A

Nitration

76
Q

measures all organics; measured by strong oxidizing agent, sulfuric acid and heat

A

chemical oxygen demand

77
Q

the amount of oxygen required to oxidize a substance to CO2 and H2O that may be calculated by stoichiometry if the chemical composition of the substance is known

A

theoretical oxygen demand

78
Q

used to express the properties of certain highly mineralized waters

A

hardness

79
Q

don’t cause health problems

A

Fe, Mn

80
Q

impart bitter taste

A

Fe2+, Mn2+

81
Q

cause brown or black stains on laundry and plumbing fixtures

A

Fe3+, Mn3+

82
Q

nontoxic in small concentration but cause undesirable taste

A

Cu and Zn

83
Q

contribute to good dental health in moderate amount of excessive amount causes mottled or discolored teeth

A

fluorides

84
Q

causes salty taste at high concentration and may be an indication of sewage pollution at 500 ppm concentration in fresh water

A

chlorides

85
Q

toxic in gaseous form, but not when diluted in aqueous solutions

A

chlorine residual

86
Q

occur in natural water and in wastewater but no significant public health danger

A

sulfates

87
Q

occurs in many forms taking part in many biochemical reactions

A

nitrogen and phosphorus

88
Q

caused by dissolved CO2 in water

A

acidity

89
Q

caused by presence of dissolved carbonates, bicarbonates, Na, Ca, and Mg

A

alkalinity

90
Q

disease caused by exposure to silver dust

A

argyria

91
Q

bone pain related to Ca loss (due to Cd exposure) in Japan

A

Itai-itai disease

92
Q

mercury poisoning in japan

A

minamata disease

93
Q

lead poisoning in devon england

A

devon colic

94
Q

highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water

A

maximum contaminant level

95
Q

wastewater treatment: removal of large debris (screening)

A

preliminary

96
Q

wastewater treatment: removal of suspended solids prior to discharge; use of fine screens, simple sedimentation, flocculation

A

primary

97
Q

wastewater treatment: removal of soluble and colloidal organic matter not removed in primary treatment; biological processes

A

secondary

98
Q

wastewater treatment: encompasses techniques applied to remove the quality of wastewater after secondary treatment

A

advanced

99
Q

to retain solids found in wastewater and to protect downstream plant appurtenances from clogging

A

screening

100
Q

grind up coarse solids in raw wastewater without removing them from flow

A

communitors

101
Q

a technique used to overcome the operational problems caused by variations in influent-wastewater flowrate

A

flow equalization

102
Q

chemicals are quickly and uniformly dispersed in the water

A

mixing

103
Q

used to change the surface charge on the particles so they can stick together to form larger particles that will settle by gravity

A

coagulation

104
Q

precipitates are brought in contact with one another so they can form flocs

A

flocculation

105
Q

separation from water, by gravitational settling, of suspended particles that are heavier than water

A

sedimentation

106
Q

unit operation used to separate solid or liquid from a liquid phase; removal of very small or light particles that settle slowly in a shorter time

A

flotation

107
Q

used extensively for achieving supplemental removals of suspended solid and BOD after biochemical treatments

A

filtration

108
Q

consists of a bed of highly permeable medium to which microorganisms are attached and through which wastewater is percolated or trickled

A

trickling filters

109
Q

involves production of an activated mass of microbes capable of stabilizing waste aerobically

A

activated sludge

110
Q

process consists of a series of closely-spaced discs mounted on a horizontal shaft and rotated

A

rotating biological contactors

111
Q

shallow pools for storm or wastewater treatment that create growing conditions suitable for wetland plants

A

natural/constructed wetlands

112
Q

removal of P and enhancement of suspended solid removals in primary sedimentation facilities

A

chemical precipitation

113
Q

reduction of hardness in water

A

softening

114
Q

removal of organics not removed by conventional chemical and biological treatment methods

A

adsorption

115
Q

selective destruction of disease-causing organisms

A

disinfection

116
Q

removal of total combined chlorine residual that exists after chlorination

A

dechlorination

117
Q

the precipitated chemicals and other materials removed from water to make it potable and palatable

A

sludge

118
Q

the practice of applying WWTP residuals for the purposes of recovering nutrients, water, or reclaiming despoiled land such as strip mine spoils

A

land spreading

119
Q

the planned burial of wastewater solids, including processed sludge, screening, grit, and ash, at a designated site

A

sludge landfilling

120
Q

the application of heavy sludge loadings to some finite land area that has limited public access and has been set aside or dedicated for all time to the disposal of wastewater sludge

A

dedicated land disposal

121
Q

used to describe the changes in BOD in a stream/river

A

Streeter-Phelps Model

122
Q

where all weather occurs

A

troposphere

123
Q

where jet airplanes fly; temp increases with altitude due to increasing ozone

A

stratosphere

124
Q

coldest parts of our atmosphere; where meteors burn due to friction with gas molecules

A

mesosphere

125
Q

where air is thin (fewer air molecules); very sensitive to solar activity and can heat up to 1500 deg C

A

thermosphere

126
Q

upper layer of atmosphere where atoms and molecules escape into space

A

exosphere

127
Q

all atmospheric particles in with diameters equal to or less than 100 micrometer

A

total suspended particles

128
Q

particulate matter with diameters less than 10 micrometer

A

PM10

129
Q

particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 micrometer

A

PM2.5

130
Q

a colorless gas with a pungent smell at low concentrations

A

sulfur dioxide

131
Q

production of SO3, particulate sulfates, and H2SO4 due to oxidation can lead to __

A

acid rain

132
Q

reddish-brown as with a pungent smell

A

nitrogen dioxide

133
Q

a colorless, odorless gas that can be found at the upper layers of the atmosphere and serves as our protection from the sun’s harmful rays

A

ozone

134
Q

organic compounds that contains chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen used for coolants

A

chlorofluorocarbons

135
Q

a colorless, odorless gas that is very toxic when inhaled as it reduces oxygen transport in the body

A

carbon monoxide

136
Q

also known as air toxics

A

hazardous air pollutants

137
Q

among the most abundantly produced chemicals in the world

A

benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene

138
Q

change in air temperature with height

A

lapse rate

139
Q

the tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion

A

stability

140
Q

thermal structure neither enhances nor resists mechanical turbulence

A

neutral atmosphere

141
Q

dry adiabatic lapse rate for neutral atmosphere

A

1 deg C/100 m

142
Q

mechanical turbulence is enhance by the thermal structure

A

unstable atmosphere

143
Q

the temperature of the atmosphere falls at a rate > -1degC/100 m

A

superadiabatic lapse

144
Q

thermal structure inhibits mechanical turbulences

A

stable atmosphere

145
Q

the temperature of the atmosphere falls at a rate < -1degC/100 m

A

subadiabatic lapse rate

146
Q

temp increases with elevation (severe form of stable temp profile)

A

inversion

147
Q

unburned particles of carbon in smoke are pulled out of the smoke by using static electricity in the precipitators, leaving clean, hot air to escape the smokestacks

A

electrostatic precipitators

148
Q

in a chamber containing a vortex, the gas move up the cylinder while larger particles hit the inside wall and drop down

A

cyclone separators

149
Q

cloth that would not allow dust to make its way through

A

fabric filter

150
Q

a type of system that is used to remove harmful materials from industrial exhaust gases before they are released into the environment

A

gas scrubber

151
Q

gas scrubber for SOx

A

flue gas desulfurization

152
Q

used to convert VOC emissions into carbon dioxide and water through combustion

A

incineration

153
Q

process of capturing this carbon dioxide and storing it below ground, pumping it into geologic layers

A

carbon capture and storage

154
Q

absorb some of the thermal radiation leaving the surface and emit long wave radiation into all directions, while acting as partial blanket and keeping the earth warm

A

natural greenhouse effect

155
Q

total energy that a gas absorbs over a period of time

A

global warming potential

156
Q

a process of human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of GHGs and other substances which may contribute directly or indirectly to climate change

A

mitigation

DAY 1 TOPICS (6 decks)

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