Environmental Engineering Flashcards
1
Q
national water and air pollution control commission
A
RA 3931
2
Q
maintain reasonable standards of purity of waters and air of this country with their utilization for domestic, agricultural, industrial and other legitimate purposes
A
RA 3931
3
Q
control of toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear waste
A
RA 6969
4
Q
control, supervise, and regulate activities on toxic chemicals and hazardous waste
A
RA 6969
5
Q
ecological solid waste management act of 2000
A
RA 9003
6
Q
provides a systematic, comprehensive, ecological solid waste management program in the country
A
RA 9003
7
Q
extended produces responsibility act of 2022
A
RA 11898
8
Q
focus on waste reduction, recovery and recycling, and the development of environment-friendly products
A
RA 11898
9
Q
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
A
RA 8749
10
Q
states that the right to breathe clean air and polluters must pay
A
RA 8749
11
Q
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all filipinos
A
RA 8749
12
Q
Philippines Clean Water Act of 2004
A
RA 9275
13
Q
aims to protect the country’s water bodies from pollution from land-based sources; provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution
A
RA 9275
14
Q
policy from RA 9275; provide general guidelines for the classification of water bodies in the country
A
DAO 2016-08 Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES) of 2016
15
Q
Climate Change Act of 2009
A
RA 9279
16
Q
mainstreaming climate change into government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission
A
RA 9279
17
Q
Environmental Impact Statement System
A
PD 1586
18
Q
to attain and maintain a rational and orderly balance between socio-economic growth and environmental protection
A
PD 1586
19
Q
to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion
A
montreal protocol
20
Q
aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
A
stockholm convention
21
Q
known as “forever chemicals”, organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes
A
persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
22
Q
accumulation of a toxic chemical in the tissue of a particular organism
A
bioaccumulation
23
Q
refers to the increased concentration of a toxic chemical
A
biomagnification
24
Q
operationalizes the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by committing industrialized countries to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets
A
Kyoto Protocol
25
central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 deg C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 deg C
Paris Agreement
26
a process that involves predicting and evaluating the likely impacts of a project on the environment during construction, commissioning, operation, and abandonment
Environmental Impact Assessment
27
processes and practices that enable an organization to reduce its environmental impacts and increase its operating efficiency
Environmental Management Systems
28
The __ pertains to environment management systems
ISO 14000 series
29
a systematic analysis of the potential environmental impacts of a good or service over the entire period of its life
Life Cycle Assessment
30
materials and resources consumed in the process
inputs
31
losses and emissions accumulated along the production process
outputs
32
generic term used to describe things that are thrown away (has no value)
solid waste
33
using less material in manufacturing
prevention
34
repairing items or parts
preparing for re-use
35
including composting
recycling
36
energy recovery from anaerobic digestion, thermal treatment, and landfill gas
other recovery
37
landfilling or incineration without energy recovery
disposal
38
reprocessing of wastes to recover an original raw
recycling
39
facilitates recovery of recyclable materials
material recovery facility
40
the controlled decomposition of organic materials, such as leaves, grass, food scraps, by microorganisms
composting
41
a chemical reaction in which the elements in the fuel (solid waste) are oxidized in the presence of excess oxygen
combustion
42
thermal processing of material in the absence of oxygen
pyrolysis
43
partial combustion in which a fuel is burned with less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen
gasification
44
a land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day
landfill
45
liquid that passes through the landfill, extracts dissolved and suspended matter from the waste material
leachate
46
waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment
hazardous waste
47
substances that can create fire under certain conditions
ignitability
48
substances that pH values <2 and >12.5
corrosivity
49
substances that may be unstable under normal conditions, react with water, detonate
reactivity
50
substances that may be harmful when ingested or absorbed
toxicity
51
excavated or diked areas used to store liquid hazardous wastes
surface impoundments
52
cheap method of disposal whereby wastes are pumped into geologically secure formations, well below drinking water aquifers
deep well injection
53
an ultimate resting place
landfilling
54
non-containerized accumulation of solid hazardous waste used for temporary storage
waste piles
55
water that has percolated downward from the ground surface through the soil pores
groundwater
56
formations of soil and rock that have become saturated with water; groundwater reservoirs
aquifers
57
rivers and lakes withdrawn to supply public water supplies
surface water
58
conversion of saltwater to freshwater; needs desalination
seawater
59
water that has been treated sufficiently for direct reuse in industry and agriculture and for limited municipal applications
reclaimed wastewater
60
collected by a network of pipes or channels and conveyed to a single point of discharge into the receiving water
point source
61
includes domestic sewage along with any industrial wastes that are permitted to be discharged into the sanitary sewers
municipal sewage
62
urban and agricultural runoff that are characterized by multiple discharge points
non-point source
63
nonpoint pollution from urban storm water
combined sewers
64
class of compounds that are applied externally or ingested by humans, pets, and other domesticated animals
pharmaceutical and personal care products
65
particles that have a dimension less than 100 nm
nanoparticles
66
the property of water that tends to scatter and absorb light rays due to the presence of small suspended particles
turbidity
67
the property of water that dictates survival of aquatic life forms; affects the solubility of O2
temperature
68
the property of water that may be caused by dissolved or suspended colloidal particles from decaying leaves and microscopic plants
color
69
the property of water that causes it to be unpalatable
taste
70
the property of water that causes unpleasant smell, maybe due to the presence of H2S
Odor
71
commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water
coliforms
72
tests for coliforms
membrane filter method, multiple-tube fermentation method
73
amount of oxygen dissolved in water
dissolved oxygen
74
amount of oxygen needed by microbes for the biochemical reactions that sustain them
biochemical oxygen demand
75
process of converting ammonia into more stable nitrite and nitrate forms of nitrogen
Nitration
76
measures all organics; measured by strong oxidizing agent, sulfuric acid and heat
chemical oxygen demand
77
the amount of oxygen required to oxidize a substance to CO2 and H2O that may be calculated by stoichiometry if the chemical composition of the substance is known
theoretical oxygen demand
78
used to express the properties of certain highly mineralized waters
hardness
79
don't cause health problems
Fe, Mn
80
impart bitter taste
Fe2+, Mn2+
81
cause brown or black stains on laundry and plumbing fixtures
Fe3+, Mn3+
82
nontoxic in small concentration but cause undesirable taste
Cu and Zn
83
contribute to good dental health in moderate amount of excessive amount causes mottled or discolored teeth
fluorides
84
causes salty taste at high concentration and may be an indication of sewage pollution at 500 ppm concentration in fresh water
chlorides
85
toxic in gaseous form, but not when diluted in aqueous solutions
chlorine residual
86
occur in natural water and in wastewater but no significant public health danger
sulfates
87
occurs in many forms taking part in many biochemical reactions
nitrogen and phosphorus
88
caused by dissolved CO2 in water
acidity
89
caused by presence of dissolved carbonates, bicarbonates, Na, Ca, and Mg
alkalinity
90
disease caused by exposure to silver dust
argyria
91
bone pain related to Ca loss (due to Cd exposure) in Japan
Itai-itai disease
92
mercury poisoning in japan
minamata disease
93
lead poisoning in devon england
devon colic
94
highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water
maximum contaminant level
95
wastewater treatment: removal of large debris (screening)
preliminary
96
wastewater treatment: removal of suspended solids prior to discharge; use of fine screens, simple sedimentation, flocculation
primary
97
wastewater treatment: removal of soluble and colloidal organic matter not removed in primary treatment; biological processes
secondary
98
wastewater treatment: encompasses techniques applied to remove the quality of wastewater after secondary treatment
advanced
99
to retain solids found in wastewater and to protect downstream plant appurtenances from clogging
screening
100
grind up coarse solids in raw wastewater without removing them from flow
communitors
101
a technique used to overcome the operational problems caused by variations in influent-wastewater flowrate
flow equalization
102
chemicals are quickly and uniformly dispersed in the water
mixing
103
used to change the surface charge on the particles so they can stick together to form larger particles that will settle by gravity
coagulation
104
precipitates are brought in contact with one another so they can form flocs
flocculation
105
separation from water, by gravitational settling, of suspended particles that are heavier than water
sedimentation
106
unit operation used to separate solid or liquid from a liquid phase; removal of very small or light particles that settle slowly in a shorter time
flotation
107
used extensively for achieving supplemental removals of suspended solid and BOD after biochemical treatments
filtration
108
consists of a bed of highly permeable medium to which microorganisms are attached and through which wastewater is percolated or trickled
trickling filters
109
involves production of an activated mass of microbes capable of stabilizing waste aerobically
activated sludge
110
process consists of a series of closely-spaced discs mounted on a horizontal shaft and rotated
rotating biological contactors
111
shallow pools for storm or wastewater treatment that create growing conditions suitable for wetland plants
natural/constructed wetlands
112
removal of P and enhancement of suspended solid removals in primary sedimentation facilities
chemical precipitation
113
reduction of hardness in water
softening
114
removal of organics not removed by conventional chemical and biological treatment methods
adsorption
115
selective destruction of disease-causing organisms
disinfection
116
removal of total combined chlorine residual that exists after chlorination
dechlorination
117
the precipitated chemicals and other materials removed from water to make it potable and palatable
sludge
118
the practice of applying WWTP residuals for the purposes of recovering nutrients, water, or reclaiming despoiled land such as strip mine spoils
land spreading
119
the planned burial of wastewater solids, including processed sludge, screening, grit, and ash, at a designated site
sludge landfilling
120
the application of heavy sludge loadings to some finite land area that has limited public access and has been set aside or dedicated for all time to the disposal of wastewater sludge
dedicated land disposal
121
used to describe the changes in BOD in a stream/river
Streeter-Phelps Model
122
where all weather occurs
troposphere
123
where jet airplanes fly; temp increases with altitude due to increasing ozone
stratosphere
124
coldest parts of our atmosphere; where meteors burn due to friction with gas molecules
mesosphere
125
where air is thin (fewer air molecules); very sensitive to solar activity and can heat up to 1500 deg C
thermosphere
126
upper layer of atmosphere where atoms and molecules escape into space
exosphere
127
all atmospheric particles in with diameters equal to or less than 100 micrometer
total suspended particles
128
particulate matter with diameters less than 10 micrometer
PM10
129
particulate matter with diameters less than 2.5 micrometer
PM2.5
130
a colorless gas with a pungent smell at low concentrations
sulfur dioxide
131
production of SO3, particulate sulfates, and H2SO4 due to oxidation can lead to __
acid rain
132
reddish-brown as with a pungent smell
nitrogen dioxide
133
a colorless, odorless gas that can be found at the upper layers of the atmosphere and serves as our protection from the sun's harmful rays
ozone
134
organic compounds that contains chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen used for coolants
chlorofluorocarbons
135
a colorless, odorless gas that is very toxic when inhaled as it reduces oxygen transport in the body
carbon monoxide
136
also known as air toxics
hazardous air pollutants
137
among the most abundantly produced chemicals in the world
benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene
138
change in air temperature with height
lapse rate
139
the tendency of the atmosphere to resist or enhance vertical motion
stability
140
thermal structure neither enhances nor resists mechanical turbulence
neutral atmosphere
141
dry adiabatic lapse rate for neutral atmosphere
1 deg C/100 m
142
mechanical turbulence is enhance by the thermal structure
unstable atmosphere
143
the temperature of the atmosphere falls at a rate > -1degC/100 m
superadiabatic lapse
144
thermal structure inhibits mechanical turbulences
stable atmosphere
145
the temperature of the atmosphere falls at a rate < -1degC/100 m
subadiabatic lapse rate
146
temp increases with elevation (severe form of stable temp profile)
inversion
147
unburned particles of carbon in smoke are pulled out of the smoke by using static electricity in the precipitators, leaving clean, hot air to escape the smokestacks
electrostatic precipitators
148
in a chamber containing a vortex, the gas move up the cylinder while larger particles hit the inside wall and drop down
cyclone separators
149
cloth that would not allow dust to make its way through
fabric filter
150
a type of system that is used to remove harmful materials from industrial exhaust gases before they are released into the environment
gas scrubber
151
gas scrubber for SOx
flue gas desulfurization
152
used to convert VOC emissions into carbon dioxide and water through combustion
incineration
153
process of capturing this carbon dioxide and storing it below ground, pumping it into geologic layers
carbon capture and storage
154
absorb some of the thermal radiation leaving the surface and emit long wave radiation into all directions, while acting as partial blanket and keeping the earth warm
natural greenhouse effect
155
total energy that a gas absorbs over a period of time
global warming potential
156
a process of human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of GHGs and other substances which may contribute directly or indirectly to climate change
mitigation
