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Earth Science > Materials Of The Earth > Flashcards

Materials Of The Earth Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the study of minerals?

A

Mineralogy

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2
Q

What are the building blocks of rocks?

A

Minerals

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3
Q

What is defined as naturally formed, generally inorganic crystalline solid composed of an ordered array of atoms and having a specific chemical composition?

A

Mineral

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4
Q

State MOH’s Scale of Hardness.

A 
1 - talc
2 - gypsum 
3 - calcite
4 - fluorite 
5 - apatile
6 - orthoclase
7 - quartz
8 - topaz
9 - corundum 
10 - diamond
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5
Q

What are the Physical Properties of Minerals?

A
  1. Luster
  2. Hardness
  3. Streak
  4. Cleavage
  5. Fracture
  6. Color
  7. Specific Gravity
  8. Tenacity
  9. Crystal Shape
  10. Reaction to natural light
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6
Q

What are the Chemical Properties of Minerals?

A
  1. Taste Test

2. Fizz Test

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7
Q

It is a precious metal which can be found pure in nature.

A

Gold

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8
Q

It is used as a catalyst in refining petroleum.

A

Platinum

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9
Q

What is the Rock Cycle?

A

Igneous → Sedimentary → ↑Metamorphic

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10
Q

What are the 3 major groups of rocks?

A

Igneous Rock, Sedimentary Rock, Metamorphic Rock

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11
Q

What are formed by the cooling and crystallization of hot, molten rock material called “magma”?

A

Igneous Rock

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12
Q

What does Igneous meam?

A

It means “formed by fire”

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13
Q

What does molten rock called when it reaches the surface?

A

“Lava”

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14
Q

The rocks resulting when lava is solidifies are classified as _____?

A

Extrusive Rocks

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15
Q

The magma does not reach the surface and crystallizes at great depths are called ______

A

Intrusive Rocks

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16
Q

Large intrusive rocks bodies are called _____

A

Plutons

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17
Q

Example of Igneous Rocks?

A 
EX:
andesite
basalt
granite
diorite
gabbro
rhyolite
18
Q

What forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals ate pressed and cemented together?

A

Sedimentary Rock

19
Q

What does Sedimentary mean?

A

derived from the word Sedimentation which means “settling”

20
Q

What are the two classification of sedimentary rock?

A
  1. Clastic Sedimentary

2. Chemical Sedimentary

21
Q

What sedimentary rocks that are formed by accumulation, compaction, and cementation of different solid particles that came from mechanical or chemical weathering?

A

Clastic Sedimentary

22
Q

What sedimentary that mostly contains materials that are formed by chemical precipitation of minerals as a direct result of physical processes or as an indirect result of like process of water dwelling animals?

A

Chemical Sedimentary

23
Q

Examples of Clastic Sedimentary?

A 
conglomerate 
breccis
sandstone 
limestone 
shale
calcite
halite
24
Q

Example of Chemical Sedimentary?

A

calcite

25
Q

What is formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions?

A

Metamorphic Rock

26
Q

Where are most metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Underground

27
Q

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks?

A 
slates
marble
quartzite
gnosis 
schist
serpentine
28
Q

What refers to the arrangement of mineral crystals in the metamorphic rock?

A

Foliation

29
Q

What exhibits parallel alignment of the minerals?

A

Foliated

30
Q

What are produced when there is very little deformation and when the parent rock has equidimensional crystals?

A

Non-foliated

31
Q

What is a series of processes on and beneath the Earth’s surface that slowly change rocks from one kind to another?

A

Rock Cycle

32
Q

What refers to the changes occurring at or near the surface of the Earth that includes disintegration and decomposition of rocks?

A

Weathering

33
Q

What are the 2 types of weathering?

A
  1. Physical Weathering / Mechanical Weathering

2. Chemical Weathering

34
Q

What type if weathering that is breaking the rocks into small pieces with each piece retaining the characteristics of the original?

A

Physical/Mechanical Weathering

35
Q

What us a mechanical process that breaks large masses of rocks into small fragments?

A

Disintegration

36
Q

What is a chemical process which results in the formation of new substances such as from elements to rocks?

A

Decomposition

37
Q

How does physical weathering occur?

A

> water enters into every crack of the rock
when temperature becomes cold, water freezes and expands
the rocks are pushed further apart and a process called Wedging

38
Q

Weathering is hastened by the following: Catalyst

A
  • activities of plants
  • borrowing animals
  • and by people
39
Q

What weathering will occur when the internal structure of a mineral is changed by the removal or addition of elements?

A

Chemical Weathering

40
Q

What is an important agent of chemical weathering?

A

Water

Earth Science (11 decks)

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