MATERIALS - METAL

Question 1

11 metals in order of Galvanic series, in the presence of sea water from worst to best

Answer 1

Zinc

Aluminum

Steel,

Iron

304 Stainless Steel (Active)

Copper,Bronze,Brass

Tin

Lead

316 Stainless Steel (Active)

Titanium

304 Stainless Steel (Passive)

Gold

zippers allure strangers ironically to 304 active strangers,

Cops timidly Lead 316 active strangers with Tits to 304 passive strangers in gold.

Question 2

Coefficient of expansion – Wood

Answer 2

2.5

Question 3

Coefficient of expansion – Glass

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Coefficient of expansion – Concretes

Answer 4

5.5

Question 5

Coefficient of expansion – Structural steel

Answer 5

6.5

Question 6

Coefficient of expansion – Bronze, Brass

Answer 6

10

Question 7

Coefficient of expansion – Aluminum

Answer 7

13

Question 8

Coefficient of expansion – Lead

Answer 8

16

Question 9

Ferrous metals

Answer 9

Contain a substantial amount of iron. In construction industry include wrought and cast iron, steel, stainless steel, and other special steel alloys.

Question 10

NonFerrous metals:

Answer 10

Do Not Contain Iron. Aluminum Copper And Copper Alloys - Brass, Bronze Zinc Lead

Question 11

Open web steel joist K-Series

Answer 11

K-Series - Standard - Span Limits 8 - 60 Feet

Question 12

steel shapes: L-shapes

Answer 12

Structural Steel Angles produced with both equal and unequal leg lengths

Question 13

steel shapes: (HSS)

Answer 13

Structural Steel Tubing, Hollow structural section (HSS) refers to high-strength welded steel tubing

Question 14

steel shapes: I-beams

Answer 14

two different styles, one has a parallel flange surface (W -wide), whereas the other one has a slope on the inner flange surfaces (S-beam).

Question 15

steel shapes: T-beams

Answer 15

WT or ST T-beams have a T-shape, like the universal beam but without a bottom flange. T-beams are best for reinforcement, as they do not resist bending or bear equal weight as well as the I-beam.

Question 16

steel shapes: H-piles

Answer 16

H-piles have the same I-shape but are often placed in the ground to provide deep foundation support for superstructures.

Question 17

steel shapes: C-channels

Answer 17

Structural channels are a hot-rolled product with a C-shaped cross-section with various construction and manufacturing applications.

Question 18

Open web steel joist LH Series

Answer 18

Lh Series - Long Span – Span Limit 25 - 96 Feet

Question 19

Open web steel joist DLH Series

Answer 19

Dlh Series - Deep Long Span- Span Limit Is 90 - 144 Feet,

Question 20

Hard steel

Answer 20

Hard steel is a high-carbon steel with increased strength and hardness, but it does not have increased resistance to weathering.

Question 21

Mild steel

Answer 21

Mild steel is a low-carbon steel that does not have additional resistance to weathering.

Question 22

Weathering steel

Answer 22

Weathering steel is a high-strength, low-alloy steel that forms an oxide coating when exposed to rain or moisture from the atmosphere. Its oxide coating adheres firmly to the base metal and protects it from further corrosion.

Question 23

Tungsten steel

Answer 23

Tungsten steel is an alloy steel containing tungsten for increased hardness and heat retention at high temperatures. It does not have additional resistance to weathering.

Question 24

Annealing

Answer 24

Annealing - process in which Metal is reheated and slowly cooled to obtain more ductile Metal, which will have improved it’s machinability and cold-forming characteristics

Question 25

Quenching

Answer 25

Quenching – heating metal (most often steel) to certain temperature then rapidly cooling by completely submerging in water to strengthen steel.

Question 26

Tempering

Answer 26

Tempering – similar to quenching but does not involve rapid cooling. Used to improve strength and workability of steel.

Question 27

An Architect is designing a roof drip edge detail at the top of a masonry wall. Which of the following materials should not be selected for the drip edge? Galvanized steel Copper PVC Aluminum

Answer 27

Aluminum will corrode in the presence of hydroxyl ions that are typically found in concrete and masonry mortar.

Question 28

• Bessemer Process:

Answer 28

• Bessemer Process: steelmaking procedure where carbon, silicon, and other impurities are removed from iron to make steel.

Question 29

Galvanizing:

Answer 29

Galvanizing: coating iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc by immersing it in a molten bath. Purpose of Galvanizing: When metal is going to be used in an environment where corrosion is likely, it is often galvanized so that it will be able to withstand the conditions. Galvanic Corrosion: an electrochemical process where one metal corrodes preferentially to another when they both are in electrical contact and immersed in an electrolyte (which is a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis)

Question 30

ASTM A36

Answer 30

Mild structural steel is known as ASTM A36 and used to be the primary type of steel used for structural purposes

Question 31

Rivets:

Answer 31

Rivets: steel fasteners consisting of a cylindrical body and formed head that is brought to a a high heat inserted through holes matched in members to be joined and then worked with a special hammer to make another head on the other side. * As it cools is shrinks and clamps the jointed pieces together * Was originally the most used technique, but is very labor intensive compared to bolting and welding

Question 32

2 types of Bolts:

Answer 32

**Common bolts:** easy to find in hardware stores, and installed for less than high-strength bolts. Used in joints where lower strength is sufficient enough to carry the load • Act primarily in bearing and shear **High Strength Bolts:** heat treated during manufacture to develop necessary strength Can get connecting ability from sheer resistance or from being tightened to the point hat the members they join are kept from slipping by the friction between them (know as slip critical connections) Inserted into holes slightly larger than the diameter of the bolt Washers may or may not be required, depending on if load needs to be bread over a larger area Tightened with an electric wrench to 70% of its ultimate tensile strength if used to connection by friction Hard to verify if necessary tension has been met

Question 33

Answer 33

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

Answer 36