Mass Transport In Humans Flashcards
Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve
Oxygen loaded at high particle pressure and unloaded in low particle pressure
Cooperative binding
Affinity of oxygen changes depending on how many oxygen molecules it’s already associated with
As oxygen molecules bind tertiary structure of haemoglobin changes
Freeing up next binding site making it easier to bind
Different haemoglobin
Myoglobin = very high affinity for oxygen at even low partial pressure
Acts as oxygen store
Bohr shift
High conc of carbon dioxide causes curve to move to the right
Affinity for oxygen decreases due to acidic changing structure of haemoglobin
High altitude animals
Low partial pressure of oxygen
So need higher affinity
So despite low partial pressure loading still occurs
Bohr shift
Animals with higher metabolism like fast moving rodents and birds need more oxygen to provide to respiring tissue to provide energy for muscles
Structure of heart
Right atrium left atrium
Right ventricle left ventricle
Cardiac output =
Stroke volume x heart rate
Where does the pullmanary artery carry blood to
The lungs
Where does the vena carva transport blood to
Right atrium ( deoxygenated )
Where does the pulmonary vein transport blood to
Left atrium ( oxygenated )
Explain blood flow into the heart
- Vena cava transports deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
- Blood moves down into the right ventricle
- Leaves out pulmonary artery to lungs
- Oxygenated blood into heart via pulmonary vein into left atrium
- Down to left ventricle
- Leaves via aorta to rest of the body
- Coronary artery bring oxygenated blood to heart muscles for contractions
Heart contraction
Systole
Heart relaxing
Diastole
2 valve in heart
- AV valve - atria ventricular
- Semi lunar valve
Pressure and valves
- Pressure increase in atrium as blood vol increase
Pressure in atrium > ventricle
Heart contracts
AV valve opens blood into ventricle - Increase pressure in ventricle
Pressure in ventricle > atrium
AV valve closes - Ventricle contracts
Pressure in ventricle > aorta
Semi lunar valve opens
Blood pumped into body - Pressure in ventricle < aorta
Semi lunar valve closes
Prevents backflow
Arteries = away from heart into arterioles
Vein = back into heart
Aterioles
Smaller arteries connect to capillaries
Why do Arteries have thicker elastic layer than veins
Maintain blood pressure
Walls stretch and recoil
Structure of arteries
- Thicker wall than veins prevent bursting
- Thicker elastic layer than vein to maintain blood pressure
3 thicker muscle layer than vein - Smaller lumen than vein
- No valves while veins do
Why are capillaries only one cell thick
Provide short diffusion distance for exchanging materials between blood and cells
What is tissue fluid
Liquid that surrounds cells
Water glucose amino acids oxygen
Delivers useful molecules to cells move waste into blood stream so can be removed from body
