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Biology > Mass Transport In Animals > Flashcards

Mass Transport In Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What is mass transport in animals?

A

The movement of substances such as nutrients, gases, and waste products through the body systems.

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2
Q

True or False: Mass transport is only necessary for large animals.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the primary components of the circulatory system in mammals?

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the organ that pumps blood in mammals.

A

heart

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5
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

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6
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood back to the heart?

A

Veins

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7
Q

True or False: Capillaries are the largest blood vessels in the body.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

To facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport? A) Plasma B) Red blood cells C) White blood cells D) Platelets

A

B) Red blood cells

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10
Q

What pigment in red blood cells binds to oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called ______.

A

plasma

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12
Q

What is the role of plasma in blood?

A

To transport nutrients, hormones, proteins, and waste products.

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13
Q

True or False: White blood cells are involved in immune response.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the primary function of platelets?

A

To aid in blood clotting.

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15
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure in the heart prevents backflow of blood? A) Valves B) Arteries C) Veins D) Capillaries

A

A) Valves

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16
Q

What is the term for the process of blood circulation through the heart and lungs?

A

Pulmonary circulation

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17
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

The flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the largest artery in the body.

A

aorta

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19
Q

What is the significance of the coronary arteries?

A

They supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

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20
Q

True or False: The heart has four chambers.

A

True

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21
Q

What are the names of the two upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atria

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22
Q

What are the names of the two lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Left ventricle D) Right ventricle

A

B) Right atrium

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24
Q

What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A

To act as the heart’s natural pacemaker.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system regulates the heart rate.

A

nervous

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26
Q

True or False: Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels.

A

True

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27
Q

What is the normal range for adult resting blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

28
Q

What is hypertension?

A

A condition characterized by consistently high blood pressure.

29
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone increases heart rate during stress? A) Insulin B) Adrenaline C) Serotonin D) Estrogen

A

B) Adrenaline

30
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A

To return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and play a role in immune function.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: Lymph is similar to blood plasma but contains ______.

A

fewer proteins

32
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Small structures that filter lymph and house immune cells.

33
Q

True or False: The lymphatic system is a closed system like the circulatory system.

34
Q

What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which gas is primarily transported by hemoglobin? A) Carbon dioxide B) Nitrogen C) Oxygen D) Hydrogen

36
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

The phenomenon where increased carbon dioxide decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which oxygen is released from hemoglobin is called ______.

A

dissociation

38
Q

True or False: Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood primarily as bicarbonate ions.

39
Q

What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

A

To facilitate inhalation and exhalation by changing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

40
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the respiratory system is primarily responsible for gas exchange? A) Trachea B) Bronchi C) Alveoli D) Lungs

A

C) Alveoli

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the ______.

42
Q

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

A

To reduce surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.

43
Q

True or False: The respiratory system and the circulatory system work independently.

44
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary arteries?

A

To carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

45
Q

What is the role of the pulmonary veins?

A

To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

46
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of circulation involves the delivery of oxygenated blood to body tissues? A) Systemic B) Pulmonary C) Coronary D) Hepatic

A

A) Systemic

47
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the muscular wall of the heart.

A

myocardium

48
Q

True or False: The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood.

49
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by ______.

A

stroke volume

51
Q

What factors can influence heart rate?

A

Exercise, stress, hormones, and temperature.

52
Q

True or False: The heart can function without any nervous system input.

53
Q

What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node?

A

To relay electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles.

54
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the heart has the thickest muscular walls? A) Atria B) Right ventricle C) Left ventricle D) Right atrium

A

C) Left ventricle

55
Q

What is the function of valves in veins?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood.

56
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood is classified as a type of ______ tissue.

A

connective

57
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen throughout the body.

58
Q

True or False: All animals use the same method for mass transport.

59
Q

What is the primary method of mass transport in insects?

A

The tracheal system.

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of circulation is involved in delivering blood to the heart muscle? A) Pulmonary B) Systemic C) Coronary D) Lymphatic

A

C) Coronary

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ system is responsible for transporting lymph fluid.

62
Q

What is the primary driver of blood circulation?

A

The pumping action of the heart.

63
Q

True or False: The heart has an intrinsic ability to contract.

64
Q

What is the name of the process by which blood cells are formed?

A

Hematopoiesis

65
Q

Fill in the blank: Blood cells are produced in the ______ marrow.

66
Q

What is the primary function of plasma proteins?

A

To maintain osmotic pressure and transport substances.

67
Q

True or False: The body can survive without red blood cells for an extended period.

Biology (17 decks)

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