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Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life?

A

The cell

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2
Q

True or False: All living organisms are made up of cells.

A

True

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3
Q

What structure surrounds and protects the cell?

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The jelly-like substance inside the cell is called __________.

A

cytoplasm

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5
Q

What organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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6
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis

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7
Q

Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the cell wall?

A

To provide structure and support to plant cells

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9
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell? A) Plant cell B) Animal cell C) Bacterial cell D) Fungal cell

A

C) Bacterial cell

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10
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins and lipids

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in packaging and distributing proteins in the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

To digest waste materials and cellular debris

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Ribosome D) Golgi apparatus

A

B) Mitochondria

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15
Q

What are the two main types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

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16
Q

True or False: Plant cells have chloroplasts but animal cells do not.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the primary function of chloroplasts?

A

Photosynthesis

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

A

cytoskeleton

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19
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A

To regulate what enters and leaves the cell

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20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? A) DNA B) Ribosomes C) Nucleus D) Cell membrane

A

C) Nucleus

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21
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death

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22
Q

True or False: Stem cells are specialized cells that can only become one type of cell.

A

False

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23
Q

What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

A

To store nutrients and waste products

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the site of ribosome production.

A

nucleolus

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25
Q

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water.

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes requires energy? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Facilitated diffusion

A

C) Active transport

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27
Q

What is the function of the cell cycle?

A

To regulate cell growth and division

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28
Q

True or False: The G1 phase is part of interphase.

A

True

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29
Q

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

A

DNA replication

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is when the cell divides into two daughter cells.

A

M phase

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31
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A condensed structure of DNA and proteins that forms during cell division

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32
Q

Multiple Choice: How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? A) 23 B) 46 C) 22 D) 24

A

A) 23

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33
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content

34
Q

True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.

35
Q

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

A

To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the region of the chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined.

A

centromere

37
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.

38
Q

Multiple Choice: Which stage of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes at the cell’s equator? A) Prophase B) Metaphase C) Anaphase D) Telophase

A

B) Metaphase

39
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

The process of cytoplasmic division following mitosis or meiosis

40
Q

True or False: Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell division.

41
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Undifferentiated cells with the potential to develop into different cell types

42
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

43
Q

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

A

To protect the cell and control the movement of substances in and out

44
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of cell lacks a nucleus? A) Eukaryotic B) Prokaryotic C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

A

B) Prokaryotic

45
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

To produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

46
Q

True or False: Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized.

47
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

To provide structural support and shape to the cell

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structure that helps in cell division.

A

spindle apparatus

49
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism that causes disease

50
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxification? A) Lysosome B) Ribosome C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D) Mitochondria

A

C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

51
Q

What is the primary role of the immune system?

A

To defend the body against pathogens

52
Q

True or False: Antibodies are produced by white blood cells.

53
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane’s phospholipid bilayer?

A

To create a barrier that is selectively permeable

54
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are specialized proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the cell.

55
Q

What is the significance of surface area to volume ratio in cells?

A

It affects the efficiency of nutrient uptake and waste removal.

56
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of all living things? A) Ability to move B) Ability to reproduce C) Ability to think D) Ability to grow

A

B) Ability to reproduce

57
Q

What is a cell’s genetic material?

58
Q

True or False: All cells have a cell wall.

59
Q

What is cell specialization?

A

The process by which cells develop different structures and functions.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

A

nuclear envelope

61
Q

What is the role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

A

To facilitate the movement of substances across the membrane.

62
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria? A) Photosynthesis B) Cellular respiration C) Protein synthesis D) DNA replication

A

B) Cellular respiration

63
Q

What are the three main parts of a cell?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

64
Q

True or False: Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through RNA.

65
Q

What is the main function of cell signaling?

A

To communicate between cells and coordinate their activities.

66
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are small structures that perform specific functions within the cell.

A

Organelles

67
Q

What is the function of the peroxisome?

A

To break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

68
Q

Multiple Choice: Which cell organelle is known as the ‘suicide bag’? A) Lysosome B) Ribosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A) Lysosome

69
Q

What are the four main types of biological macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

70
Q

True or False: The primary structure of proteins is determined by the sequence of amino acids.

71
Q

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

A

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.

72
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network that helps transport materials within the cell.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

73
Q

What is the function of the cell’s cytoplasm?

A

To hold organelles in place and provide a medium for biochemical reactions.

74
Q

Multiple Choice: Which component is essential for maintaining the fluidity of the cell membrane? A) Cholesterol B) Proteins C) Carbohydrates D) Nucleic acids

A

A) Cholesterol

75
Q

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

76
Q

True or False: All cells can perform photosynthesis.

77
Q

What is the main role of the cell membrane?

A

To protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino acids

79
Q

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins that are secreted or inserted into membranes.

80
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure regulates the passage of ions and molecules into and out of the cell? A) Cell wall B) Ribosome C) Plasma membrane D) Cytoplasm

A

C) Plasma membrane

Biology (17 decks)

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