Mary's Factions Flashcards
Gender concerns about her factions?
Mary was a female ruler so it was assumed she was unable to control her factions.
Marital concerns towards her factions?
In terms of marriage, her two main councillors supported different suitors- causing great discomfort and division
The fears of a Spanish marriage were that the English Courtiers feared their positions and patronage and expected influx of Spanish courtiers to dominate the courts and gain position in administration.
What was the reality of the divisions in the council?
No overt impact of the efficiency of he administrations
What did Mary’s council look like?
Mary brought in her own supporters who helped her gain to the throne but kept many who were experienced- leading to ineffective arguments.
It was rare for all councillors to be present
Average size of the council was similar under Northumberland
What Committees and Councils were established in 1554 and 1555?
Committees established in 1554 excluded casual councillors
In 1555, an ‘inner council’ was established
How did Paget gain dominance in 1555?
Philips departure in 1555 and Gardiner’s death allowed Paget to dominate and establish conciliar form of government
What are some examples of the councils dysfunctions?
First clash was over marriage and the revival of heresy laws.
In 1554, there were issues over Mary’s monastic lands. But this was unpopular of Mary’s religious policy. This reintroduction caused factional struggles.
Some legislations were rejected and only passed with the backing of Paget
What was the fundamental positives of Gardiner and Paget?
Gardiner and Paget had the desire for Mary to support their policies and therefore put aside their differences
What was the role and impact of Cardinal Pole?
Cardinal Pole was a papal legate, changing the nature of court politics. Mary was aware of divisions so she had everything referred to him or Spanish ambassador (Simon Renard). Mary didn’t trust the council.
What were the strengths of the councils debates?
Debates over policy were constructive and faction was’t bad overall.
Elizabeth could use to a great effect to control government by using them against each other.
How big was the Privy Council
Large with 43 members
What two factions dominated her council?
Catholics and Moderates
Why did Mary have support from the House of Lords
Because they were Catholic
Who devised the treaty for Mary’s marriage?
Paget and Gardiner
