Mary - Main Info Flashcards
here we bloody go again
aha
do u get it
tis a bloody mary joke
im sorry ill go now
Why was Mary’s succession greeted, on the whole, by the people
cos she had a big bunda
girlie had gyatt
nah
maybe idk
It restored the legitimate succession of the Tudor Dynasty
the ogs
What was Mary’s priority on her accession
burn the orphans
oops sorry thats my list im so clumsy
Restoration of the Catholic faith
What problems did Mary have to deal w as she ascended the throne
Religious division
Catholic monarch in Protestant country
Spare not heir (run the tape :l)
Her loyal/trusted supporters had no experience in government
Would have to rely on half-brothers’ servers which implicated intro of religious reforms that she found distasteful
What sort of people did Mary’s new councillors include
Bishop Stephen Gardiner
Other churchmen including Lord Paget
Some conservative councillors
Why did Mary not like the old Gardiner
Failed to support her mother Catherine at time of break from Rome
someones a mamis girl
Whose judgement did Mary trust implicity
Her husband, Philip of Spain
girlie pls
hes only after ya drillaz
What was the relationship between Mary and Parliament
Cautious cooperation
Concerns for property rights, doubtless motivated by self-interest in many cases, ensured ex-monastic property would not be restored to the Church, etc
in brief, girlie kept peace to get what she wanted even tho she wanted to swat em like ungrateful lil flies
Why was Mary so keen to get married
*i WonT sAy iM iN lOoVEEEeeee
~meg, hercules
Essential to produce heir to secure Catholic succession to the throne. She was already 37 so needed to marry and reproduce as soon as possible
gyatt shudve frozen em eggs asap
What were the potential problems of marriage to an Englishman?
baked beans 4 dinna luv
Threat of factional rivalry, as husband’s family would inevitably become more influential
Why was Philip favoured by Mary
Was Catholic
Politically experienced
kidding
he had a very large penis or two
Why was Philip unhappy in the early years of their marriage
Hated English weather
not kidding its in the textbook. kid was used to warm weather n sunny spells n got stuck w rain and the influenza
Did not like manners of English courtiers
Despite Mary’s age, claimed her attitude towards love and marriage was childish
WE ALL WANT OUR PRINCE CHARMING PHILIP LEAVE HER ALONE
Why was Parliament not happy with the marriage between Mary and Philip
Saw it as treason with Law of Treason 1555 since marrying out of country
Law prevented his coronation as king
Why did the restoration of Henry VIII’s will cause a problem for Mary?
Elizabeth after Mary in his will
Elizabeth would succeed Mary if she were childless, who was a known Protestant
Why did Mary not like Elizabeth, even growing up
She personified Elizabeth as the reason for the breakdown of her mother’s marriage to HVIII and believed she was illegitimate and so had no moral right to succeed the throne
textbook even says “mary had no love for her half-sister”
kinda harsh icl
What were Mary’s FP aims
Restore England to papal supremacy and marry Philip, heir to Spanish throne
How did Mary’s 2 FP aims of papal supremacy and marrying Philip conflict w each other
philip was in fact satan which the catholic church disproved of
no
well maybe idk
Spanish-Franco conflict involved papacy on side with France, and so England was effectively against papacy by default due to marriage with Philip
How did England’s involvement in Franco-Spanish conflict turn into a disaster
god i love dave franco
Was a terrible blow for a loyal daughter to the CC. England declared war on France in 1557 due to French troops coming in to England. But became a disaster with humiliaiting loss in Jan 1558 of Calais, which was England’s for centuries. No attempt made to recapture town and full-scale attack on port of Brest in summer 1558 failed miserably
What naval and militia reforms were introduced under Mary
Complete reorgananisation of finance and administration of navy, 6 new ships built, many repaired and Crown finances of £14000 given to navy
What did Mary’s reforms to the navy do for Elizabeth
Laid basis of navy that was crucial to defeat Spanish Armada under Elizabeth
What was the name of Catholicism under Mary
Marian Catholicism
surpise
What problems did Mary encounter in trying to restore Catholicism to England?
Protestantism attracted adherents (meaning supporters, for u dumb fucks) in London and other parts of south
Reformed Protestant Church was protected by statute law, and many of political elites who Mary needed support of had no intention to surrender their monastic land even though Mary viewed it as ill-gotten gains from reforms
How many Bishops did Mary imprison at the start of her reign due to their opposition to return to Catholicism
7
thats like
bigger than 6
What happened at Mary’s first parliament meeting
Religious laws passed during Edward were repealed
Order of service as at time of death of HVIII was restored
All clergy who had married when permitted to do so could be deprived of their livings and legal status of Church of England was upheld
and avani was granted king of the world due to impeccable table manners
What was Mary’s dilemma in attacking Protestantism in law?
she was reading it n was like damn they onto smth oh shi
In order to reverse royal supremacy, she would have to rely on parliamentary legislation, meaning she would have to acknowledge that original laws passed during HVIII’s reign were legally valid
She would have to accept superiority of statue law over divine (against her beliefs completely)
What did Parliament refuse to reintroduce in 1554 and did Mary make them eventually agree?
Heresy laws
Parliament agreed when promised that former monastic lands would not be restored to Church ownership
What happened to the lands from the dissolved monasteries now in private hands?
Was made clear to Pope Julius III and legate Reginald Pole that they should be restored to the Church, but was eventually ignored
Why was plea to return monastic land to Church ignored?
Imperial ambassador Renard told Charles that land was in hands of Catholics>Protestants, but due to political impossibility of getting English Church to submit to Rome, was left
Private owners would not hand it back so simply
they all sayin
that my grass
What religious laws did Mary’s third parliament, November 1554-January 1555, pass?
Henrician Act of Attainder and Act of Repeal Jan 1555 revoking royal supremacy
Why were there furious debates between Cardinal Pole and Mary’s councilors?
Furious debates between Pole and Councillors who asserted the view that no foreigners could have jurisdiction over English property
What was the significance of the death of Pope Julius III and the succession of Pope Paul IV?
Paul was anti-Spanish and therefore hostile towards husband Philip, and suspicious of Pole who he regarded as a heretic
How has Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, first published in Elizabeth’s reign, portrayed Mary?
Published in 1563, was most widely read book in England apart from Bible during Elizebth’s reign, Mary was condemned for cruelty and ungodliness in burnings
Describe the geography martyrdom
wrong fuckin subject if u ask me
Its where the burnings took place
Most were from south-east, close to London, Canterbury, Colchester, so close to Protestant central where Edward resided
How can the burning of heretics be seen to have failed?
Sympathy was great for the martyrs, and also failed to ultimately extinguish heresy
nice to know some thought twas wrong
i mean avanis not one of em but u cant have everything
What measures did the Council take to limit the negative effects of the burnings?
Tried to attempt banning servants, apprentices and the young in general from attending burnings
Reduce audience and ig scaring em
its called character building get tf over it
What other, less repressive, reforms did Mary introduce?
Restoring the resources of the Church that had been removed in the last 20 yrs
Pole tried ensuring quality of pastoral provision
Increasing pastoral responsibilities
Which areas in England were very strongly Catholic
North, such as Manchester
Which areas in England were somewhat strongly Catholic
North west, such as Cheshire
Which areas in England were strongly Protestant
South east, such as Suffolk, Essex and Kent
To what extent had Mary transformed the religious situation by 1558?
to be brief ofc
Bulk of the country remained Catholic
More could have been done if Church’s institutional structure and divisions in Crown weren’t so large, but ultimately Mary did not complete what she set out to do
shame
What were the -ve economic records on Mary
Demand for rapid increase in population directly proportional to inflation
1555 and 1556 poor harvests
Sweating sickness meant people needed healthcare and more curing ailments
What happened to the Court of First Fruits and Tenths and Court of Augmentations
Both taken over by Court of Exchequer
What was a big financial mistake she made involving Edward
Remitting the final part of Edward’s subsidy, which bought her some cheap popularity but at some financial cost
whatever that means
