HVIII - Main Info Flashcards

1
Q

What is argued as the true ending to the Wars of the Roses

A

The succession of King Henry VIII
Part-Yorkist, part-Lancastrian king
Handsome, strong and scholarly 17 year old heir to the throne

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2
Q

How did poet John Skelto say about Henry VIII around his coronation time in regard to the Tudor Rose?

A

“The Rose both red and white, In one rose now doth grow”

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3
Q

How long did it take of war under HVIII for all of the reserve money (inheritance) from HVII to be wiped out?

A

2 years

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4
Q

Who was Thomas More?

A

Childhood friend of HVIII
Was also murdered by HVIII so watch out avani <3
Distinguished lawyer and humanist scholar
Author of ‘Utopia’ whatever that shi is
Valued councillor to HVIII (until he killed him ofc <3)
Lord Chancellor until 1529

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5
Q

How were educational opportunities developing during the Renaissance

A

Song schools
Reading schools
Provided elementary education for them damn youths
Much of ‘secondary’ education took place in grammar schools

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6
Q

How did architecture develop during the Renaissance

A

Massive amount of building and re-building or parish churches

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7
Q

Describe HVIII’s appearance

A

A fat fuck, to put simply

but in detail

-Handsome and fit when young, but also a ginger so enuf said
-grew larger and unappleasing to eye w age
-auburn hair (nice way of saying ginger lad)
-round face

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8
Q

Describe his personality

A

a male whore, to put simply

but in detail

-narcissistic
-selfish
-ruthless
-had courage, charm and humour
-pious and well-versed in theology (deeply religious, you know, until he was no longer deeply religious)
-amicable, but disloyal
-morbid
-egotistical
-threatening
-warmonger`

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9
Q

What were HVIII’s strengths as a king

A

his ability to tak0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e up 2 seats, as opposed to just one, to put simply

but in detail0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

ok u know what i aint bothered ill just re-write it

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10
Q

What were HVIII’s strengths as a king

A

as i was SAYING, his ability to eat an entire portion of food meant for a village <3, to put simply

but in detail

-cultivated and educated
-chivalrous
-king of commanding will
-liked by the people, seen as image of joy and hope
-liked by nobility

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11
Q

What were HVIII’s weaknesses as king

A

he was a too much of a fat fuck to hang himself. the rope kept snapping, to put simply

but in detail

-too much expectations from people to recover from HVII (Idk why it says this in the table i copied it from cos i thought hvii was my fav g, but ig not child)
-emotional imbalance (COME ON B A MAN)
-never saw dark consequences for immediate relieg (like u burn down an orphanage and all of a sudden ur the villain?!)
-after hearing of catherine’s death, he publically danced with anne boleyn
HOW DARE HE

tbh i wouldve done it too sounds like a spendid time

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12
Q

it is 21st april 1509. u have just become king. what do u plan to do first

A

i dont acc know, but the next few flashcards r what hviii planned to do in his manifesto so enjoy ig

i think id build a greenhouse

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13
Q

How did HVIII plan to end the reputation of an avaricious and greedy king set by HVII, his old man?

A

Wanted a change of government to show this change
Kept most of his father’s councillors cos they had experience in running gov. but punished the unpopular ones

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14
Q

What did HVIII do about the weird relationship that HVII left behind when he died w France and HRE

A

Agreed w peace treaty to pose as key figure in Europe
He could act as a little intermediary between France and HRE
u know u know keep the peace we suave
Other European will begin to trust him and make him a more significant leader

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15
Q

What changed in terms of gov./council/relationship with ministers with HVII and HVIII

A

HVIII got rid of the different levels of council
More dependent on ministers
Governed more through council as HVIII had no previous experience with gov. or public affairs

smth tells me thats a bad sign

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16
Q

What changed in terms of finance from HVII to HVIII

A

Executed Empson and Dudley from CLIL cos of unpopularity brought to Crown
Abolished CLIL in Jan 1510
HVIII was left £300k from HVII, but spent most of it all very quickly on wars like Spurs and Flodden in 1513

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17
Q

What changed in terms of Parliament w HVII and HVIII

A

Broadened use of statute law to achieve political ends, resulting in increased parliament powers as was only called 7 times in HVII’s reign
Plundering and destruction of much of church’s wealth
HVIII emphasised importance of governing thru council and chief ministers

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18
Q

What changed in terms of foreign policy between HVII and his lil fat fucker of a son

A

HVII cleverly avoided international wars
HVIII was rather fond of the old pistol and bullet so spent money freely on em
tbh i would too
ONCE A TUDOR KING ALWAYS A TUDOR KING

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19
Q

How did the relationship with nobility differ between U GUESSED IT me n ur mum

nah jk jk
HVII and HVIII
yh ik slightly more boring icl

A

They played a more important role in HVIII’s reign
HVIII paired w them in sports and grew up w em
HVII alienated them (as he should they were a bunch of arrogant lil brats)

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20
Q

Was HVIII prepared for his role as king? BE HONEST

A

Nah mf wasn’t crown prince so he wasn’t ready at all
He was also still a child and never expected to be king, but he was still well-educated so there was that ig
cough cough wilhelm parallels
WAS HVIII GAY?!

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21
Q

Was HVIII’s accession welcomed by the people?

A

Yh cos they were still recovering from their PTSD of the CLIL so HVIII was a breath of fresh air
Human symbol of the Tudor Rose
Gave ppl hope for a less shady monarch
spoiler alert…the peeps were wrong and he became a fat little ducky man

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22
Q

Thomas More wrote ‘Coronation Ode’. How does he describe HVIII’s accession as one of his closest friends

A

Planned to be an everlasting glory of their time
Planned to rule the world
Forgiving to nobility

spoiler alert…hviii killed him <3

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23
Q

Why did HVIII abolish the CLIL

A

To distance himself from his father’s regime
Ensured his own popularity against the nobility

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24
Q

What were HVIII’s key aims early in his reign?

A

Establish status among European monarchs
Re-establish nobility role
Warrior king recognition

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25
Why did HVIII marry Catherine of Aragon, one of my personal favss??
cos she was a spicy latina to put simply well maybe idk i wasnt there in all honesty but in detail Was due to HVII's wishes HVII was planning on possibly marrying her but made more sense to continue alliance w Spain when HVIII was crown prince after Arthur's death
26
Why did HVIII re-establish the position of the nobility?
"WHY GOD WHY" - HVII says as he turns vigorously in his grave Cos they both shared interest in military (shared desire for political domination)
27
Gimme an example of how HVIII could also be ruthless towards the nobility
Buckingham Executed him simply on grounds of suspicion and simply claimed Buckingham was "almost certainly guilty" He also disinherited most of his wealth from his children quite rude if u ask me
28
What is Eric Ives' interpretation of HVIII's attitude to monarchy and government?
HVIII was not willing to delegate responsibility consistently Reserved freedom to intervene as and when he wanted was a bit chill in brief
29
What was HVIII's view of the of the role of Parliament before the 1530s
Pretty much same as HVII Extraordinary revenue Pass laws Advise the monarchy
30
How many times did HVIII sum Parliament before 1529
idk. a lot well 4 times to be exact
31
How did Wolsey and Cromwell's views on Parliament differ
Wolsey = reluctant to use Parliament Cromwell = exploited its legislative possibilities much more which is why was called more often in later reign
32
Why did ruling via councils break down during HVIII's reign
Conflict between king's own impulsive nature and that of more conservative councillors
33
What is a conciliar form of government
Decisions made by a council
34
Why did the conciliar form of government come to an end in 1514
HVIII became disenchanted by the reluctance of some of his father's councillors to support war w France HVIII became more attuned to government Became more of his own man and in control of decision-making *cough cough* we just gonna forget bout the old wolsey and cromwell then <3 He wanted to surround himself w like-minded courtiers, and took a liking to Wolsey who would eventually become his chief minister
35
How was the role of the Privy Chamber extended in the early years of his reign
Had minions (TONIGHT VE STILL ZA MOON) - group of young courtiers who enjoyed HVII's personal favour They then became gentleman of the Privy Chamber do they eat baneeners
36
How did Wolsey try to control the Privy Chamber
He no like minions and endlessly tried to get rid of em He neutralised their influence In 1514 secured their removal and replaced them with his own supporters
37
Was the removal of the minions successful
nah tis quite funny Most managed to recover their positions and so retained some prestige and influence - outside of Wolsey's immediate control sucks to be him ig
38
What was the Court of Chancery that Wolsey went on to improve
Main court of equity in the kingdom Speciliased in civil disputes, including disputes relating to business, property or land, intellectual property issues, insolvency, bankruptcy, tax and the validity of wills
39
How did Wolsey try to use the Court of Chancery to uphold 'fair justice'
Used it to deal with problems relating to enclosure, contracts and land left to others in will
40
What was the Court of Star Chamber
Center of both government and justice under Wolsey Made up of judges and privy councillors
41
How did Wolsey use and improve the Court of Star Chamber
Extended use of it from 1516 to increase cheap and fair justice
42
How did Wolsey change the way subsidies were collected
Instead of using local commissioners to assess taxpayers' wealth who would be over-generous nobility He set up national committee which he headed
43
What was the 1523 subsidy
Imposed a tax of one shilling in the £ for land worth £50 And one shilling in £ on personal savings and crop
44
What was the Amicable Grant of 1525
Wolsey ordered to raise money for war with France Was to be freely given gift from subjects to king Was actually a heavy tax without Parliament approval Ppl upset Had to be stopped
45
What is John Guy's interpretation of Wolsey's management of Parliament
"Arrogant and insensitive"
46
What were the Eltham Ordinances of 1526
Were introduced in order to reform finances of privy council (expenditure of household) Secured reduction of number of gentlemen in privy chamber Removed groom of stool Compton and replaced with Norris (compliant to Wolsey's orders) Also used to try and get rid of the minions
47
What is Peter Gwyn's view of the Eltham Ordinances
Believed purpose of it was primarily financial
48
What is David Starkey's view of the Eltham Ordinances
Issuing it reflected Wolsey's fear the Amicable Grant would make him so unpopular that he would be in danger of using his political power over HVIII little did the kid know he died bloody anyway so yolo
49
What was the groom of the stool and why was she so important
Most intimate of English monarchy's courtiers who wouldnt love to wipe a fat blokes ass and hear bout his problems while he tryna push King had much confidence in them for advice and would have a lot of influence on king Wolsey knew this so replaced old groom with new one who complied to Wolsey's influence and ideology
50
What was the King's Great Matter
Annulment of HVIII to lil Cath Desire to marry Anne Boleyn Wanted a son but couldn't just divorce Cath cos they were some Catholic bitches Complex situation that would ultimately lead to England's Break w Rome
51
What impact did the KGM have on Wolsey cute lil abbreivation there
Posed major problem on him dat sucks ig He obvi failed to secure annulment lil guy despite his strong connections w the CC, u know being a cardinal and all lightwork ig
52
What is praemunire i tried to pronounce it in class when we were learning about it and got laughed at. did not go well 10/10 would not do again
Parliament statute enacted in 1353 to limit papacy power Made it unlawful for legal cases that could be heard in English courts to be decided elsewhere (limited Papal jurisdiction) jesus would b unhappy w this RELEASE THE DOGGIE DEMONS
53
How did John Guy view Wolsey
Was England's most gifted administrator for 300+ yrs (no not him he didnt live that long silly goose)
54
What was Cromwell before he became chief minister to HVIII
a brothel-working whore nah jk i mean maybe we cant assume i wasnt there England's most renowned lawyer
55
Where did Wolsey get a good education from
Magdalen College in Oxford
56
What is known as Wolsey's finest accomplishment
The Field of the Cloth and Gold of 1520
57
What made Wolsey unpopular
His haughtiness as it were and grand style of living
58
What did Wolsey help build
His London home, York Place in Whitehall Hampton Court Founded Cardinal College at Oxford (later King's College and now Christ Church) idk it either just smile and nod
59
What was Cromwell's background
quite tragic rlly he was born into a whore house to later rule the whore house and make an international franchise of his brothel well maybe idk i wasnt there but according to the textbooks He was the son of a brewer and a blacksmith
60
What was Cromwell's greatest achievement
The divorce bloody finally we're all thinking it
61
What is the name of the lil essay by Geoffrey Elton about Cromwell's accomplishments
The Elton Thesis yh but basic tbh shouldve been smth like 'Le Grand de List of Wells della Crom' yes this is it
62
What government bodies were modernised by Cromwell
Royal Council Council of the North The Exchequer whoever tf that is
63
What did Cromwell oversee
The incorporation of Wales into the English system of government
64
How did E N Williams refer to Cromwell as
Managerial genius
65
Why did Henry not listen to Cromwell and form alliances with za German princes
He vould not convert to za Lutheran Faith that za German princes zaid zey needed to before any alliance vaz discussed zaid?! how did u get in here TO ZA CHAMBERS HVIII also claimed that he was scared England was going for war against France and HRE, and thought Germany would not hold against them *hitler punching the air rn cos henry was in fact correct
66
What Duke was against Cromwell from ZE START
3rd Duke of Norfolk Uncle of Catherine Howard He accused Cromwell of imposing Protestantism onto England via Act of 6 Articles Also introduced Catherine to Royal Court almost certainly in knowledge Henry would fall for her HE WAS RIGHT...mf fell harder than hitler in stilts idk why i brought him into this again avani doing germany flashcards opposite me twas bound to happen
67
What did the Act of Attainder accuse Cromwell of
Heresy and treason Also denied Cromwell right to proper trial where he could defend himself das a little unfair but i picture him w a funny haircut so the mf deserved it he had it coming i think the 1am delulu kicking in dont look back
68
What were Henry's interests i rlly dgaf but its in my folder so here we go
He was a sportsman arent we all Hunting on horseback was his fav Jousting which HVII hated for its dangerous nature (still he continued his jousting career for 25 yrs we love a rebellious teen...i srly dunno how the poor horses carried the fut fuckah for that long but go him ig Tennis sounds like an average tuesday to me
69
What is historically written about Henry's sex drive no this is not necessary to know but i find it hilarious so here we go ig
Ud think a sportsman and a man w 6 wives would have a huge libido as big as his plate of chicken at the evening HOWEVER He was more interested in the romantic side of love-making than the physical aspects He had fewer mistresses and fewer illegitimate children (abt 2) He was willing to wait 6 yrs for Anne Boleyn apparently historians find dis interesting cos it shows he is not the sexual predator he gets made to b i think its just cos theyre justifying their own lack of libidos that they swap out 4 textbooks but sure
70
What is often used to explain why he tolerated his Thomases wolsey, cromwell and more
Based on fact they could 'function at his intellectual level' i however severely doubt this
71
What are reasons to suggest HVIII was acc gifted in intelligence
Could out-think all members of English aristocracy Was more than a match for other leading rulers of Western Europe But had a lack of formal educational training that could make him appear smarter than his able subjects and advisers Despite this could still sport any weaknesses of arguments that were laid before him, however skillful the presentation It was almost impossible for the 'wool to be pulled over his eyes'
72
What were the few occasions where Henry's intelligence was hindered (hoodwinked)
Treacheries of Cardinal Wolsey, Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell His emotions rather than his intellect was persuaded silly goose leading w his heart not his head who tf would do that...
73
What r some values and attitudes of HVIII
probs not anything good. i mean...6 mf wives. come on He was a conformist Therefore not surprising he believed in women's inferiority to men apart from when he was w Anne Boleyn we luv a lil feminist But he kept his belief on show when refoicing at Catherine's death in 1536 after she refused to accept being 'put aside' during their marriage kid switched tf up Also believed in delegating work to servants so that he could relax and participate in activities mf was colouring in while wolsey busting his ass to stop a french war way to pick a king
74
What is a phrase used to describe why Henry was never fully prepared for his role as king after arthur died in the words of Miss Kay
He was the spare, not the heir its giving wille
75
What was the title given to HVIII by the CC for his strong Catholic ethos
Defender of the Faith
76
Why was he called Defender of the Faith
In 1521, he was awarded the title for his defence of the Catholic Church against the threat of Martin Luther, a key figure in the Protestant Reformation
77
What r some personal beliefs of the king
Until Arthur died - HVIII brought up on code of chivalry (purpose was to become a knight b4 was to become king) Wanted to b a warrior king like HV at Battle of Agincourt and wanted group of 'warriors' could trust like Arthur w knights at round table Honour was of extreme importance kid wanted to die in battle ig. how original
78
Who tf was Pope Clement VII
funny story bout mr clementine here miss kay gave us hw to research the figure she designated to us i got him forgot abt it researched him on prescilla's computer within 30 seconds, memorised it and gave verbal presentation lmao was a very stressful thursday morning 4 me ANYHOO Was Head and Ruler of Papal States (he was the pope u dumb shit) Known as greatest pope of his time go him ig Despised HVIII due to separation with CC He even sponsored completion of Sistine Chapel He sponsored Michelangelo's painting Man was a Renaissance pope a cool pope a bold pope He even imprisoned Charles V as he knew he was tryna dominate the CC and Italian states so mf was alarmed Sorry twas a long flashcard
79
Let's hear some stuff bout Anne Boleyn
Was a queen. so theres that B4 was a member of HVIII's court. then kid fell 4 her. she was pretty n smart i cant blame him Pregnant while HVIII still married to Catherine. man whore Led to annulment to legitimise AB's child in case was a boy. mf needed an heir desperately and mary sitting here punching the air right abt now But was not a male heir. Twas Elizabeth. Go bad bitch go bad bitch go Was accused of adultery and incest by Cromwell who hated her from the beginning. he just needed an excuse to chop her head off icl Then was executed. sad
80
Who was Richard Foxe
Protestant humanist tutor of Edward VI. spoiler alert of next topic Chief Minister Was w HVII while in exile in Brittany so have shared trauma <3 Believed in diplomatic matters over the Church Lost influence to Wolsey in 1511 w HVIII so bit irrelevant in this deck icl
81
Who was this Thomas More man
Childhood friend of HVIII that eventually got executed lmao wAtCh yOur BAcK aVanIpopS. or should i say AVANI-POPS-IN-THE-COFFIN BAINS?! Executed due to refusal to accept royal supremacy in Church Wrote 1516 book Utopia #published_author He was significant opposition to Protestant Reformation
82
Who was this Francis I man
King of France Tried to expand French control in Italian states just like Charles must've been an annoying french thing He was heavily influenced by humanism and Italian artists He encouraged French cultural development Encouraged French exploration in 'new world' (America - they do b stuck in the past these days w their abortion laws and gun freedom. wtf)
83
Talk about Catherine of Aragon
ah one of my favourite wives of Henry She a devout Catholic 5 yrs older than HVIII Previously married to Arthur and then married Henry after conspiracy of consummation of marriage was overturned as she claimed she never slept w Arthur Married to Henry for 24 yrs Must've had a serious backbone 4 that shit icl Gave birth to thee bloody Mary
84
Who was Charles V
HRE Sacked Rome Nephew of Catherine of Aragon, so strong ally and hated HVIII Pope under his control More interested in Italian States than England...tis why there was never a war shame we wouldve lost very very badly
85
Who was thy Thomas Cranmer
so i can crack my fingers but cant finger my crack?! we live in a society sorry that was irrelevant yet very relevant :l Wrote Liturgy still used today He was the Archbishop of Canterbury The very 1st Protestant one therefore a bad bishop ig...? i dont make the rules Established basic English Church structures Worked closely w HVIII and later Edward NOT YET DONT STRESS URSELVES W THE LIL SHI THAT WAS EDVI Helped get marriage annulled and aided w marriage to AB CD EF sorry i got carried away i just rlly like the alphabet gets me going u know anyhoo tHe SuN iS sHIninG i swear im sober
86
I GO BANANAS WHENEVER U WANT ME
ANYHOO how is u
87
Who is Cardinal Campeggio
u know its sad im supposed to b good at tutors but i have no idea who this parmegiano reggiano man is but here's what the sheet says <3 Cardinal protector of England Twas the Pope's representative whatever that is but probs a huge tudor slay at the time so go parmegiano reggiano <33 Was appointed by none other than Pope Clement VII to hear his annulment case who hopefully u know by now xx he do b my favourite satsuma
88
dO yOu knoW whAt's CoMInG uP??!?!?!
CHRISTMAS ~avani, the love of my life
89
What was Wolsey often referred to as
'Alter rex', meaning other/second king myself, on the other hand, are often referred to as t-rex for my short and stout arms that seems to whack myself in the face instead of the person im fighting u know due to their very short and stout nature
90
What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals
Stated foreign powers (eg. Pope) had no right to interfere in English matters By making Parliament pass the Act rather than just declaring it by royal proclamation, Cromwell made it part of English statute law, something which could only be changed by another Act of Parliament
91
How many acts were passed between 1509 and 1531
203
92
How many acts were passed 1532 and 1540
333
93
Who are benefactors
People who donate to Church
94
What did Cranmer and Foxe assert about HVIII during the 3rd conciliar government
Kings of England had always enjoyed both a secular and spiritual authority over the Church
95
What did Wolsey think of the minions
TONIGHT VE STEAL ZA MOON He didn't like em and removed from Privy Chamber but they later recovered their positions
96
How did many historians see the changes Cromwell made to council opposes our lil elton john man
His opponents did it to limit his power since if Privy Council became efficient they would make all important decisions without him is this a stab in the back cos im smelling adolf
97
How did Cromwell change parliament's role in government
Increased it by lowering Church role He believed in statue law>any other law, especially canon (Church law) twas the highest in the land
98
What did Elton call Cromwell
his lil sugary bitch close "the country's first parliamentary statesman" so practically the same thing
99
What were the main changes to the Privy Council made w lil Cromwell he prefers to go by lil crommy crom these days we owe him that much
Reduced to only 20 men Chosen to have specific responsibility in specialised departments Makes more efficient Twas a revolution in goverment Gone w the medieval in w the modern just like my new pEniS
100
What were the major points for Parliament during the reign
Continued to grant extraordinary revenue n pass laws Wolsey no use much but Cromwell did Cromwell exploited em Allowed for establishment of Royal Supremacy thru obviously the Act of Supremacy
101
How was the role of the Privy Chamber changed
Role of it was extended and transformed 'Gentleman of the Privy Chamber' were introduced, enjoyed Henry's personal favour HVIII surrounded himself w like-minded courtiers Wosley tried to neutralise it in 1519 but was unsuccessful. awww was someone a lil jelly Thus remained out of Wolsey's immediate control
102
What was the 1536 Act of Union w Wales all about
Divided Wales into shires (counties) Brought Wales into the same legal framework as England
103
Name the 3 counties in England that had separate jurisdictions from em
Lancashire Durham Cheshire i wud honestly b surprised if u knew any of these
104
What happened to the council in the north following the Pilgrimmage of Grace
Permanent body professionally staffed so u know twould not happen twagain i believe this is how they spoke in tudor times
105
What changed in terms of local gov in dis reign
Increase in number of JPs Consequently this increased number of those who participated in local administration did someone say THE BUTTERFLY EFFECT Other members of gentry were drawn into unpaid administration of behalf of crown i personally wud not let this but k Increasingly local administration carried out by laymen not clergymen DAMMNN THEY DO B GETTING CALLED OUT 4 CORRUPTION N WHATNOT
106
What was the Anne Boleyn faction
She hated Wolsey some say she was anti-wolsey Had greatly seduced HVIII so had influence on him thru LUST Was Protestant so further made HVIII wanted to convert country to Protestantism
107
What do some argue was the cause of Wolsey's downfall, not the annulment
His arrogance and treason tbh a fair argument icl
108
What 2 battles did HVIII win in 1513 that set the tone for him to be a lil warmonger
Flodden Spurs
109
What peaceful thing happened between France and England in June 1520
The Field of the Cloth of Gold Show off wealth Look all wealthy n shit Friendly competition Shows harmonious love they might as well give each other blows at this point Twas fine dining and entertainment Held near Calais under English control Estimated that event cost HVIII's royal treasury about £15k who got that kinda cash lying around well probably a king ok that was a stupid q move on pls
110
What parts of government did Wolsey make more efficient
Court of Star Chamber Court of Chancery
111
What was a medieval form of government like (to then compare to Cromwell's modern one ive acc got a plan u lil shits)
Financial administration that was based on the king's chamber Extended use of king's seal Use of individual advisers as opposed to a council
112
NOW Describe the modernised version of gov initiated by Thomas Cromwell
Based on a bureaucracy staffed by capable people who worked to a series of rules and procedures Departments were created that dealt w specifics associated w department only and those specifics
113
What did Cromwell believe his new governmental revolution would do
let me tell u but first pour me a cup of tea n bring in the hoes If this system ran well, it would end dominance of any one person as no single person would be able to control a properly run bureaucracy that was governed by procedures n rules now after all my efforts WHERE TF R MY HOES
114
What is a bureaucracy
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives cheeky cheeky
115
What were the 2 major reforms in gov made by Cromwell
Bureaucratic model Changes to the Privy Council
116
Describe how bureaucracy was a reform
Departments received money from pre-defined sources (no overlapping) and paid out for reasons that had to be sanctioned first Each department was vigorously audited (checking things r legitimate/above board) QUICK HIDE THE COKE
117
What 2 departments were created to look after Henry's income from the Church following the dissolution of the monasteries
Court of Augmentations Court of First Fruits and Tenths
118
What was the Court of First Fruits and Tenths
Collected from clergy benefices Stated clergy had to pay a portion of their first year's income (known as annates) and a 1/10 of their revenue annually thereafter to the crown i do not have that kind of money so i will pay u in goats do u take 1/10 of goat currency?
119
What was the Court of Augmentation
One of the financial courts Administered monastic properties and revenues confiscated by the crown at the dissolution of the monasteries
120
Describe how the Privy Council was reformed by Cromwell
Before = council made up of up to 100 men to advise king, very few of them attended meetings and system usually ended up w 1 strong man dominating (i like the sound of that), such as Wolsey New = made up of 20 men who were specifically chosen to have responsibility for the day-to-day running of gov, therefore no individual could dominate it as they each had to 'hold their own'
121
What is the revenue paid to the Pope, basically Church taxes
Annates listen here come here a lil closer *whisper* i aint a genius but aint the pope supposed to b a charitable lil friend not a guy takin handouts
122
What was the collection of documents that tried to justify Henry's divorce on historical and legal principles
Collectanea satis copiosa i wouldnt have guessed that but its ok ill cry abt it later ANYHOO ANOTHER
123
Who wrote anti-clerical satire that weakened the CC in England
Edward Foxe whoever tf that was was he...foxy?!
124
Who did Wolsey replace the groom of stool to his own supporter so he could try to control the Privy Chamber cos the guy who wiped the king's ass was legit the head of the Privy Chamber what a shit job...GET IT?!
Henry Norris
125
Which historian emphasises that HVIII liked to have an overview of his government but he was happy to let others do the mundane work for him
idk but it for sure wasnt me Eric Ives
126
Which historian blames Wolsey himself for his own fall from power and what did he call him
John Guy 'arrogant and insenistive', especially in his dealings w Parliament damn he was not pro-woles holes
127
Which Bible book contained the prohibition on a man marrying his brother's widow
'The Story of the Brother Fucker' nah jk twas Leviticus
128
Who denied Royal Supremacy that was resulted in his execution for treason
Thomas More Childhood friend of HVIII WATCH OUT AVANIPOPS
129
Who was the Pope's envoy that was sent to hear the annulment case against Catherine of Aragon
Cardinal Campeggio
130
What did Wolsey use to raise extraordinary revenue for the war in France
Tudor subsidy its lattice
131
What was the Supplication of the Ordinaries
-Clergy not allowed to enact Church law without Royal permission -Existing Church law to be examined by a royal commission -HVIII complains clergy only gives him 50% loyalty as they also owe allegiance to the Pope
132
Who was the last Catholic Archibishop of Canterbury whose death eased HVIII's path to appoint Thomas Cranmer (his supporter) as the new Protestant Archbishop?
Elishka Bains NO BUT CLOSE William Warham
133
What was the Act Annexing the First Fruits and Tenths
Meant Church taxes were now to be paid to the King can i have some of that or is there a criteria?? idm signing a couple forms or smth
134
Who became very influential at the end of HVIII's reign
Edward Seymour Jane Seymour's brother Who would go on to be Lord Protector of Edward VI (Duke of Somerset)
135
What was the name of the 2 places that HVIII captured as a result of the Battle of the Spurs
Thérouanne (town) Tournai (city)
136
What eventually happened to Therouanne and Tournai
Lost by England Thérouanne being given to Maximillian almost immediately Tournai being given back to France in 1518 cos twas too expensive to keep Therefore in the end HVIII lost more in Spurs than he had gained
137
What nickname was later given to England's position in European politics during his reign
Third Fiddle Behind France(&HRE) and Spain
138
What was the Act for the Advancement of True Religion
It restricted the reading of the Bible to clerics, noblemen, the gentry and richer merchants
139
What was the significance of the Act for the Advancement of True Religion
Shows HVIII's Catholic roots despite publishing Protestant Bible in English Still Defender of the Faith Inconsistency in religious changes
140
Why was Parliament still fundamentally the same since HVII
Still dependent on the King Could not call or dissolve itself When Parliament was not sitting the King could still govern by Proclamation
141
How did Wolsey try to reform the systems of finance in order to fund HVIII's foreign campains
In 1522 organised a national survey to assess who could pay tax and how much He proposed a flexible 'subsidy' based on income rather than property Also introduced 1525 Amicable Grant to tax Church and ordinary taxpayers based on value of their property WHAT IF IM LIVING OUT OF A VAN?!
142
Why did Wolsey's attempt at reforming finance not work
Subsidy did not raise as much as he hoped Amicable Grant provoked the only serious rebellion in the first 1/2 of HVIII's reign (they never saw PoG coming did they) People were given just 10 weeks to pay additional taxation and more and more regions began to demand exemption from payment HVIII had to step in to suspend the tax, which was an embarrassment to both him and Wolsey did someone say daddy son issues?!
143
What is PoG often referred to as
The largest Tudor Rebellion in History w about 35-40k ppl rebelling but was it rlly THAT big dont trust anyone or anything...
144
How was the Pilgrimmage of Grace ultimately dismissed
Duke of Norfolk sent to deliver empty promise that monasteries would b restored even though the rebels far outnumbered the army n them dumb fucks believed it and tried to mf play it off...."we didnt rlly mean all that. twas 4 the shits and gigs mate ciao"
145
Where did James IV die
Battle of Flodden, 1513
146
Why did HVIII fuck up after James IV death @ Battle of Flodden
Infant James V now monarch Could've easily killed him n taken over Scotland ik its dark but im being serious. its in the textbook
147
Who was Erasmus
Dutch Scholar Pro-humanism
148
Who was John Colet
English scholar Renaissance humanist Called CC out for corruption Erasmus fond of him
149
What was anti-clericalism
Opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters Mainly been opposing CC clergy cos of corruption
150
What was the lollardy/lollards
Pro-Protestant Christian religious movement
151
What and who were the Oxford Refomers
Anthony Bridgerton no i mean maybe Men such as John Colet and Linacre who were the first amongst the English scholars to adopt humanist ideas/approaches
152
Who was Martin Luther
German monk who challenged CC's teaching of salvation in 1517 His challenge broadened into an attack on papal supremacy Gained support of many secular rulers in Germany who withdrew their territories from allegiance to Catholicism
153
Who is regarded as the best example of a corrupt clergyman
Cardinal Wolsey who knew i mean i did He had a wife and kids There's a start
154
What r some examples of little change to the Church
Hierarchy of Church remained rather intact Little attempts to alter interior of Churches Services remained largely traditional in form tho obvi what they worshipped was different Passing of Act of 6 Articles 1539 miraculously found the 4 other sacraments under the coffee table Fall of Cromwell 1540 weakened cause of reform Services still in Latin Music still played in cathedrals and collegiate church rIP oFF mY SHiRt iF yOU LoVE mE
155
What were the Royal Injunctions of 1536 and 1538
Attacked idolatry, pilgrimages and other 'superstitions' The lesser monasteries were closed in 1536 Remaining monasteries were dissolved over the next few years Those men and women who resisted the closures were imprisoned or hanged
156
Now here's the big question we've all been waiting for... Why did Henry want a mf divorce?
Son (heir to the throne) Got bored of Catherine ig he literally got irritated of her Was falling for Anne Boleyn and got her preggo Knew that if her kid was a boy could b legitimate heir to throne so needed to marry her ASAP
157
What was the First Act of Annates
Banned payment of annates to Rome Also threatened bishops could be consecrated by English authorities
158
What was the Submission of the Clergy
Clergy accepted King and not Pope as their lawmaker Thomas More resigned the following day GOOD ON HIM cud never b me tho the money mutsve been good
159
What was the Act in Restraint of Appeals to Rome
Based on Collectanea Satis Capiosa lEVIoSArrr Began work of transferring papal powers to king King now supreme head of Church in England Rome had no power to rule over matrimonial cases - Cranmer delcares HVIII's marriage w Catherine as null and void HVIII's marriage to Anne was declared as valid
160
What was the Second Act of Annates
Confirmed the 1st act of annates Abbots and bishops were in future to be appointed by King and not Pope kind of a useless act if u ask me but alr MOVING SWIFTLY ON
161
What was the Act to Stop Peter's Pence
Abolished payment of taxation to Rome
162
What was the First Act of Succession
Registered marriage to Catherine as invalid Replaced w marriage to Anne Crown now to pass to HVIII and Anne's children Nation had to take oath upholding their marriage Was a treasonable offence to attac/deny marriage
163
What was the Act of Supremacy
str8forward idk why i made this flaschard Made him Supreme Head of Church i will hit myself now
164
What was the Treason Act
Listed several treasonable crimes U WOULDNT FUCKIN THINK Treason could now be defined as intent expressed in word as well in deed (in simpler terms - what u said could land u in as much trouble as what u did)
165
What was the Act for Dissolution of Lesser Monasteries
Smaller monasteries (worth under 200 quid) were closed down easy enuf
166
What was the Act of 10 Articles
7 sacraments reduced to 3 (baptism, Eucharist and penance)
167
What were some of the things mentioned in the Royal Injunctions of 1536 and 1538
-Define Royal Supremacy in sermons -Abandon pilgrimages -Give money for educational purposes to teach kids
168
What were some of the stuff mentioned in the Royal Injunctions of 1538
-English Bible to be placed in all parishes within 2 yrs -All births, marriages and deaths registered in every parish idk what this got to do w these injections but here we r -People to b actively discouraged by pilgrimages -Relics removed from churches (rejection of purgatory)
169
How was John Lambert a display of HVIII's Catholic devotion in 1538
He executed him for his rejection of transubstantiation, a Catholic belief Woman named Anne Askew was also burnt seems to b quite the trend of the 16th century ANOTHER
170
What was the name of the document that was presented to Duke of Norfolk at Doncaster (PoG) of the grievances that caused the rebellion
why i want to bed u nah but i wud in tudors the series. henry cavill plays him <3 The 24 Articles
171
What was a potential cause of PoG to do with tin
HVIII was about to order all parish churches to hand over their silver to the government and that they would be replaced w tin ones
172
What was a potential cause of PoG to do with rites of passage
Rumour spread that a tax was going to be placed on rites of passage baptism, marriage and burial Would have made financially pressed families feel even more financially vulnerable been there done that bought the t-shirt stuck the magnet on the fridge
173
What was another potential cause of PoG to do with food for the poor
Rumour that poorer classes were to be forbidden to eat certain types of food not to b that person or anything but poor ppl cant eat much food @ that time anyway so whats a lil less specific type of fish gon do
174
What is believed to be the main cause of PoG
Religious The change from Catholicism to Protestantism
175
Who was the leader of PoG
Robert Aske
176
How many small monasteries had been affected in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire by the Protestant Reformation
Over 100
177
What were some economic grievances that the rebels had that may have caused the PoG
Rent increases seem to have been primary cause of some 'commoners' Historians downplay that rent increases were all over country, not just in north
178
Here's an unscripted question would u join the PoG
tbh i dont think id care much 4 the causes but id do it for the shits n gigs thats a lie id have severe FOMO
179
Why were some nobles in PoG
They believed their traditional feudal rights were being eroded and replaced w more modern methods that they thought undermined the power that they believed was theirs by right
180
Who was the blame for the erosion of local power put on
Thomas Cromwell
181
Why did PoG occur in the north
More radicalised and hostile towards gentry More conservative and further from centre of power
182
What were some social grievances of PoG
Class antagonism Imposing Duke of Suffolk upon Lincolnshire as great magnate
183
What was the Captain Poverty movement
Character they signed grievances off of Showed class antagonism Economic grievances Symbol of PoG
184
What was the rallying symbol of PoG put on banners as they marched
The 5 Wounds of Christ
185
What were the Pontefract Articles
Sometimes called the 24 Articles or the York Manifesto Comprehensive set of rebel demands and incorporate range of grievances given to Duke of Norfolk sent to diffuse rebellion
186
How did the PoG impact the course of religious reform
mwhahaha tis a trick question Did not acc slow down the rate of religious reform Only shook HVIII as so many ppl were against it but other than that was merely just a good solid leg day workout 4 the rebels a 10/10 from me
187
What was the Bishops Book Act of 1537
Forced parishioners to accept religious change
188
Why was HVIII awarded the title of Defender of the Faith
Wrote a book against Martin Luther's words against CC
189
What is a key point about the cover page of the Great Bible
Henry seen bigger and greater than God in sky small above him Henry seen handing out scriptures
190
Why did Elizabeth BArton oppose HVIII relgiious reform
Had prophecies in her visions that if HVIII divorced he should no longer b the king of his realm and should die a villain's death hviii stronger than me i wouldve fucked off to the hills by then
191
Was there ever rlly a huge threat to the relgious reform
PoG maybe but didnt slow course of change so nah Was a constant potential threat of a Catholic European ivasion but that never happened either
192
What was the Holy League
Joined England, Spain, HRE and Venice into anti-French alliance
193
Who manipulated HVIII
Shrewd father-in-law Ferdinand of Aragon and HRE Maximillian USed his 10k men army to sothwest France as a diversionary tactic while he successfully conquered Navarre mean
194
What was the 1518 Treaty of London
Non-aggression pact between the major European states Signatories were Burgundy, France, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, the Papal States and Spain, all of whom agreed not to attack one another and to come to the aid of any that were under attack i think its safe to say it didnt work
195
What was the League of Schmalkalden ASK ELISHKA TO TEACH U TO PRONOUNCE IT IT TOOK HER FOREVER TO LEARN AND MISS KAY IS REAL PROUD OF HERR
Military alliance of Lutheran princes (German) within the HRE Originated as a defensive religious alliance, w members pledging to defend each other if their territories were to b attacked by Charles V (HRE)
196
What was the Treaty of Cambrai 1529
Agreement ending one phase of the wars between Francis I of France and the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Charles notice how it says one phase of em cos they were greedy lil shites
197
What was the Battle of Solway Moss 1542
England invades Scotland England vs Scotland England won all u need to know tbh
198
Did HVIII maintain links w the Netherlands
Yes English cloth trade depended very heavily on the Antwerp cloth market
199
What was the Treaty of the More 1525
Between England and France Negotiated by Wolsey England, agreed to give up some territorial claims on France, in return a substantial pension from the French
200
What was HVIII constantly threatened by between France and Scotland
The Auld Alliance
201
What was the Truce of NIce 1538
Declaration of a 10-year truce between Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
202
What did HVIII capture in terms of land in 1544
Boulogne French town
203
What did the peerage increase by by the end of his reign
9
204
Why did the peerage only increase by 9 by the end of the reign
Natural wastage (death bitch)
205
What were palatinates
Separate jurisdictions, such as Durham, Lancashire and Cheshire
206
What had come into commercialisation (idk if thats the right word) in ctrade
Woolen cloth Very profitable for England's economy
207
Did the population grow during his reign
Yes Caused a strain on supply of food
208
Approximately how many gentry families were there in England 1540
5000
209
What is a good way of saying there was a lot of causes of PoG that I found on a random sheet that u couldnt possibly guess
A myriad of complex motives
210
What was the Hunne Case
Richard Hunne was an English merchant tailor in the City of London during the early years of the reign of Henry VIII After a dispute with his priest, Hunne sought to use the English common law courts to challenge the church's authority Church officials reacted by arresting him for trial in an ecclesiastical court on the capital charge of heresy In December 1514, while awaiting trial, Richard Hunne was found dead in his cell, and murder by church officials was suspected. His death caused widespread anger against the clergy, and months of political and religious turmoil followed and ofc i got this from wikiedia but issok sorry ik twas long but as a storyteller i had to set the mf scene <3
211
How much had Wolsey attempted to raise via the Amicable Grant and what did this lead to
£800k An Amicable Uprising
212
About how many peace treaties was England involved in between 1509-47 and what does this show
12+ Inconsistencies in FP and relations w countries constantly changed
213
Why did HVIII marry Anne of Cleves despite her being Catholic
Saw it as useful insurance policy after 6 Articles Act 1539
214
Why did HVIII have very few concers over Ireland
Still had control of Pale 9th Earl of Kildare (current one at time, obvi not rn) was an English courtier
215
How did Wolsey try to weaken position of Charles V and why it no work
Made anti-Imperial alliance w French at Treaty of Amiens 1527 Pressured Charles by imposing trade embargo (NOT ANOTHER ONE) w Burgundian lands But retaliation created widespread unemployment and social problems in England so Wolsey had to back down
216
What were the 2 terms that made ppl believe HVIII's FP was inconsistent
Warmonger (influenced by Cromwell and himself when he was younger) and peacemaker (Wolsey's influence)
217
What were 2 consequences of HVIII running out of money in end of 1514
Couldn't take advantage of James IV death by campaign against Scotland on infant James V Sought peace w France thru weirdo marriage between Mary and Louis, but was short-lived cos the ancient bastard mf died
218
What treaty left England dagernously isolatedd
Treaty of Cambrai between Charles V and Max HRE
219
Why did HVIII side w Charles over Francis in 1521
Could improve his relations w Pope (wanted to help reduce French control over northern Italy) Believed he might gain more territory in France
220
What battle did Charles defeat the French in
The Battle of Pavia 1525
221
How had HVIII once again been isolated from Charles and Francis
Truce of Nice Buried their differences
222
How was HVIII's FP by the end of his reign
Agressive Attacks Scotlan and France Could've launched full-scale invasion on Scotland along w small one in 1542 but main focus was France but neither him nor France could afford to further conflict of Siege of Boulogne and Charles V more itnerested in Italian States anyway
223
What religion was HVIII's fav wife
Catholic shows his deep roots as defender of faith Gave him a son But she died 12 days after childbirth by infection
224
Was the Treaty of Etaples renewed
Yes In 1510 In 1510, the councillors of Henry VIII renewed the treaty and sought a continuation of peace Also got a pension
225
What was the Treaty of Greenwich of 1543
Scots made peace and agreed to a marriage between the infant Queen Mary and Prince Edward, Henry VIII's heir, which would lead to a union of the kingdoms
226
What was the Battle of Ancrum Moor
Twas w France England lost Twas in 1545 Twas a great embarrassment do better hviii
227
AND U R DONE CONGRATSSS
WHOOP WHOOP ~MISS KAY